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A Novel Cellular Autoaggregative Developmentally CRP Regulated Behaviour Generates Massively Chondrule-Like Formations over Surface of Old <i>Escherichia coli</i>K-12 macrocolony Biofilms

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2014年第9期5卷 727-739页

作者： José María Gómez Gómez Ricardo Amils Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA) (Associated with NASA Astrobiology Institute) Ctra Ajalvir km 4 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz Madrid Madrid Spain Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa C/Nicolás Cabrera No 1 Departamento de Virología y Microbiología Laboratorio 104 Campus of Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain

How Escherichia coli bacteria develop a particular colonial, 3-D biofilm morphological pattern is still a poorly understood process. Recently, we reported a new E. coli K-12 morphotype exhibited by old macrocolonies described as volcano-like. The formative developmental process of this morphotype has been presented as a suitable experimental model for the study of 3D patterning in macrocolony biofilms. Here, we report the optical microscopy observations and genetic analysis that have unveiled the existence of a novel autoaggregative behaviour which generates massive lumpiness over the surface of the volcano-like macrocolonies. These lumpy formations are generated by the autoaggregation and strong interaction of tightly packed bacterial cells in structures with a chondrule-like appearance which give the colony’s surface its characteristic microscopic lumpy phenotype. Furthermore, they exhibit different levels of maturation from the edge to the center of the colony. Hence, its generation appears to follow a spatiotemporal program of development during the macrocolony’s morphogenesis. Interestingly, the agar’s hardness influences the morphology exhibited by these formations, with high agar concentration (1.5%, 15 g/L) suppressing its development. This new auto-aggregative E. coli’s behaviour does not require the activity of the biofilm master regulator CsgD, the adhesiveness of flagella, pili type 1, adhesin Ag43, β-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine polymer-PGA, cellulose or colanic acid, but it is under glucose repression and the control of cAMP receptor protein (CRP). The possible physiological role of these chondrule-like formations in the adaptability of the colony to different stressful environmental conditions is discussed.

关键词： Biofilms E. coli Volcano-like morphotype macrocolony Autoaggregation Chondrule-Like Formations CRP Regulated Behaviour Ag43 Independent Autoaggregation β-1 6-N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine Polymer (PGA) Independent Autoaggregation

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Colony development and physiological characterization of the edible blue-green alga,Nostoc sphaeroides (Nostocaceae,Cyanophyta)

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第12期18卷 1475-1483页

作者： Zhongyang Deng~(a,c,d,e) Qiang Hu~b Fan Lu~c Guoxiang Liu~a Zhengyu Hu~a a State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China b Department of Applied Biological Sciences.Arizona State University,Polytech Campus,ISTBⅢ,Mesa,AZ 85212,USA c Algaen Corporation,925 West Northwest Boulevard,Winston Salem,NC 27101.USA d Department of Biology,Hubei Normal University,Huangshi 435002,China e Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Beijing 100049,China State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China Algaen Corporation 925 West Northwest Boulevard Winston Salem NC 27101 USA Department of Biology Hubei Normal University Huangshi 435002 China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Applied Biological Sciences Arizona State University Polytech Campus ISTB III Mesa AZ 85212 USA

The edible blue-green alga,Nostoc sphaeroides K(?)tzing,is able to form microcolonies and spherical *** has been used as a potent herbal medicine and dietary supplement for centuries because of its nutraceutical and pharmacological ***,lim- ited information is available on the development of the spherical macrocolonies and the environmental factors that affect their structure. This report described the morphogenesis of *** from single trichomes to *** the process,most structural features of macrocolonies of various sizes were dense maculas,rings,the compact core and the formation of liquid core;and the filaments within the macrocolonies showed different lengths and arrays depending on the sizes of *** temperature and light intensity also strongly affected the internal structure of *** microcolonies further increased in size to form 30 mm mac- rocolonies,the colonies differentiated into distinct outer,middle and inner *** filaments of the outer layer showed higher max- imum photosynthetic rates,higher light saturation point,and higher photosynthetic efficiency than those of the inner layer;whereas the filaments of the inner layer had a higher content of chlorophyll a and phycobiliproteins than those of the outer *** results obtained in this study were important for the mass cultivation of *** as a nutraceutical product.

关键词： macrocolony Morphogenesis Nostoc sphaeroides Photosynthesis

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