检索结果-南通市图书馆

Excellent piezoelectric constant and thermal stability in BiScO_(3)-PbTiO_(3) piezoelectric ceramics via domain engineering

引用

Journal of Materiomics 2022年第2期8卷 319-326页

作者： Yazhu Dong Zhiyong Zhou Ruihong Liang Xianlin Dong Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and DevicesChinese Academy of Sciences1295 Dingxi RoadShanghai200050People's Republic of China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijingshan DistrictBeijing100049People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050People's Republic of China

The application of piezoelectric ceramics at high temperature is limited because they can't have both high piezoelectric coefficient and high Curie temperature.While,BiScO_(3)-PbTiO_(3)-based piezoelectric ceramics possessing high Curie temperature and piezoelectric properties simultaneously have drawn increasing attention due to their potential applications at high temperature.Here,we reported a novel compositional design of(1-x)[0.36BiScO_(3)-0.64PbTiO_(3)]-xBi(Sn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)(abbreviated as BS-PT-xBSN).BS-PT-xBSN ceramic samples were synthesized by conventional solid state reaction method.According to the ternary phase diagram of BS-PT-xBSN ceramics brought up in this work,the morphotropic phase boundaries(mpb)were confirmed,which is located in the vicinity of x¼0.02.It canbe identified that the x=0.02 sample near mpb has the optimal electric performance which are giant piezoelectric coefficient(d_(33)-450 pC/N,higher 18%than undoped samples)and high Curie temperature(T_(c)-368℃)as well as large remant polarization(P_(r)46.6 m C/cm^(2)).In addition,the variation of P_(r) is 3% in the temperature range of 30-180℃ and the depolarization temperature of x=0.02 ceramics is about 280℃.Structural analysis such as in-situ PFM and TEM confirms that giant piezoelectricity and depolarization temperature are attributed to the appearance of nano-domain and complexity of domains as well as the stable domain configuration.This work not only reveal the high potential of BS-PT-xBSN for high-temperature piezo-electric applications but also open up a feasible approach to design new high-temperature piezoelectric ceramics.

关键词： mpb Phase structure Piezoelectric constant Thermal stability

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Enhanced piezoelectric properties in low-temperature sintering PZN-PZT ceramics by adjusting Zr/Ti ratio

引用

Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 2022年第2期12卷 43-48页

作者： Yaxia Luo Tao Pu Shibo Fan Hong Liu Jianguo Zhu College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064P.R.China

Pb_(0.96)Sr_(0.04)(Zr,Ti)_(0.7)(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))_(0.3)O_(3)(PZN-PZT)piezoceramics with various Zr/Ti ratios and Li_(2)CO_(3)sintering aid were sintered at 900°C by the solid-state reaction route.The samples with different Zr/Ti ratios were compared according to microstructure,phase structure,piezoelectricity,ferroelectricity,and dielectric relaxation.The Zr/Ti ratio in the PZN-PZT ceramics greatly affects the electrical properties.The Zr/Ti ratio affects the proportion between the rhombohedral and tetragonal phases and also affects the grain size.The PZN-PZT ceramics with the Zr/Ti ratio of 53:47 have the largest grain size and have optimized piezoelectric prop-erties(k_(p)=0.58,d_(33)=540 pC/N,and T_(C)=250°C).The larger the grain size,the lesser the grain boundary,the easier the domain wall motion,and the better the piezoelectric properties.The PZT ceramic with Zr/Ti ratio of 53:47 locates the morphotropic phase boundary(mpb)region which is one of the key factors for the high piezoelectric properties of the PZT.

关键词： Piezoelectric properties ferroelectric properties low-temperature sintering PZT mpb

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

0.7BiFeO3-0.3BaTiO3基钙钛矿多铁陶瓷Tm、Yb掺杂改性的研究

0.7BiFeO3-0.3BaTiO3基钙钛矿多铁陶瓷Tm、Yb掺杂改性的研究

引用

作者：张禄佳西南大学

学位级别：硕士

随着科技的发展,人们对各种材料的认识在逐步深入并且不断取得突破性的进展。近年来,具有ABO型钙钛矿结构的多铁材料,由于表现强磁电耦合效应等新奇物理性质,同时有望开发出新一代信息功能器件,如多态存储器、多铁性内存、磁读电写硬盘... 详细信息

随着科技的发展,人们对各种材料的认识在逐步深入并且不断取得突破性的进展。近年来,具有ABO型钙钛矿结构的多铁材料,由于表现强磁电耦合效应等新奇物理性质,同时有望开发出新一代信息功能器件,如多态存储器、多铁性内存、磁读电写硬盘等,在科学界掀起了一股研究热潮。特别是钙钛矿BiFeO单相多铁陶瓷,作为唯一一种铁电居里温度(T～830℃)和反铁磁奈尔温度(T～370℃)均高于室温的材料,尤其受到关注。然而,由于BiFeO陶瓷依然存在漏导电流大、铁电极化弱、铁磁性弱等问题,阻碍了其进一步发展走向实际应用。掺杂取代成为解决BiFeO陶瓷面临问题的主要方法。通过对A/B位选取恰当的元素进行掺杂,如在A位掺入镧系稀土元素,B位掺入过渡金属元素,亦或A位和B位共掺杂;或者通过与其它ABO型钙钛矿形成固溶体,BiFeO基陶瓷的性能能够得到有效优化或改善。比如,在(1-x)BiFeO-x BaTiO固溶体系中,在准同型相界(mpb)附近,即0.7BiFeO-0.3BaTiO组分附近,介电以及多铁性能得到极大增强。同时调研发现,镧系末端元素掺杂后的晶格占位情况并不明确甚至得到了相悖的结论。为了优化设计得到高性能的BiFeO基陶瓷,同时澄清镧系末端元素掺杂后的晶格占位情况,本论文在0.7BiFeO-0.3BaTiO陶瓷的基础上,分别掺入了两种代表性镧系末端元素铥(Tm)和镱(Yb),系统研究了陶瓷的结构、微观形貌、介电以及多铁性能,主要结果如下:1.采用传统的固相烧结法制备了Tm掺杂的0.7BiTmFe O–0.3BaTiO(x=0–0.05)陶瓷。研究发现,Tm掺杂后同时占据了ABO钙钛矿结构的A位和B位,且随着Tm掺入量的增加,诱导晶体结构形成了R3c菱方相与P4mm赝立方相共存的mpb。Tm在A、B位的无序占位属性以及mpb的形成,使陶瓷的介电性能得到了显著提升,介电常数随着掺杂量的增加逐渐增大;同时铁电、铁磁性能也得到了改善,x=0.03的样品的2P值最大(35.28μC/cm),为未掺杂样品的两倍多,x=0.02的样品的2M值最大(0.56 emu/g),为基体样品的七倍多。更为重要的是,铁电性和铁磁性在mpb附近同时得到了增强,暗示有可能在mpb附近具有相对较强的磁电耦合效应。因此,我们可能发现了一种新的元素掺杂策略,即通过同一元素掺杂同时进入ABO结构的A、B双位,可有效提高BiFeO-BaTiO基陶瓷的性能。2.采用传统的固相烧结法制备了不同Yb掺入量的0.7 BiYbFeMnO-0.3BaTiO(x=0,0.01,0.03,0.05,0.07)陶瓷。研究发现,Yb掺杂后占据了ABO钙钛矿结构的A位,诱导了结构相变,陶瓷的结构由掺杂前的R3c菱方相转变为掺杂后的P4mm赝立方相,并且Yb掺杂能够起到细化晶粒的作用。由于Yb掺杂导致的结构以及微观形貌上的这些变化,掺杂陶瓷样品的介电以及多铁性能也得到了改善:Yb掺杂虽然没有大幅度的提高介电性,但是使得陶瓷的弛豫化特征更加明显;除x=0.01的样品由于弛豫增强使得P值很低以外,其余掺杂样品的2P值都在26μC/cm以上;由于晶粒的细化,铁磁性得到了很大的提高,x=0.01的样品的2M(0.42 emu/g)值最大,铁磁性最优。

关键词：镧系末端元素 BiFeO3-BaTiO3 mpb 介电驰豫多铁性

来源：

同方学位论文库评论

在线全文

同方学位论文库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Phase formation,structure and dielectric properties of ceramics(Na_(0.5)Bi_(0.5))TiO_(3)-(K_(0.5)Na_(0.5))NbO_(3)-BiFeO_(3)

引用

Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 2016年第1期6卷 69-73页

作者： G.M.Kaleva A.V.Mosunov N.V.Sadovskaya E.D.Politova S.Yu.Stefanovich L.Ya.Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry Obukha s.-st. 3-1/12Moscow 105064Russia Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory 1119992MoscowRussia

Influence of BiFeO_(3)(BF)on phase formation,unit cell parameters,microstructure,dielectric and ferroelectric properties of solid solutions close to the morphotropic phase boundary in the(Na_(0.5)Bi_(0.5))TiO_(3)–(K_(0.5)Na_(0.5))NbO_(3) system additionally modified by the low-melting KCl additives has been studied.The formation of pure perovskite structure samples decrease in the unit cell parameters and increase in the TC value stimulated by the BF addition have been revealed.It was proved that modification of compositions by small amounts of the BF and KCl additives leads to improvement of dielectric parameters.

关键词： (Na_(0.5)Bi_(0.5))TiO_(3),(K_(0.5)Na_(0.5))NbO_(3) BiFeO_(3) KCl mpb perovskite structure microstructure ferroelectric phase transitions

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

微波烧结铁酸铋基钙钛矿多铁陶瓷性能研究

微波烧结铁酸铋基钙钛矿多铁陶瓷性能研究

引用

作者：龚欣西南大学

学位级别：硕士

多铁材料在高容量储存器件、自旋电子器件、传感器件、集成电路等方面都具有广泛的应用前景。近年来,单相多铁材料BiFeO(BFO)因其特殊的物理化学性能而受到研究者们广泛的关注和深入的研究。尽管BFO陶瓷无毒无害无污染,具有奈尔温度(370... 详细信息

多铁材料在高容量储存器件、自旋电子器件、传感器件、集成电路等方面都具有广泛的应用前景。近年来,单相多铁材料BiFeO(BFO)因其特殊的物理化学性能而受到研究者们广泛的关注和深入的研究。尽管BFO陶瓷无毒无害无污染,具有奈尔温度(370℃)和高居里温度(830℃),是少数在室温以上同时具有自发极化和磁有序的多铁材料之一,并且计算出的理论剩余极化更是高达100μc/cm等优点。但是,此材料在实际制备过程中存在难以合成纯相、漏导电流大等问题,使得BFO陶瓷出现介电和压电性能差、剩余极化较低等不好的结果,此外,还有BFO陶瓷自身特殊的G型反铁磁螺旋结构导致的磁性弱等相关情况。这一系列问题极大的阻碍了BFO陶瓷的实际应用。经过人类的不断摸索,掺杂改性和工艺优化是解决上述问题的有力措施,并且能够较好的提升陶瓷性能。BFO陶瓷的掺杂改性中分为元素对A、B位分别掺杂和二者同时掺杂,除此之外,还有与同类型的ABO型钙钛矿结构材料形成固溶体这种独特的掺杂方式。然而,在掺杂改性中,BiFeO-BaTiO(BFO-BTO)固溶体陶瓷又因存在准同型相界(mpb)这一能提高陶瓷性能的特殊属性而引发人们的研究热潮。本文就是以BFO-BTO固溶体陶瓷为基础,通过工艺优化中的微波烧结法先摸索出基体相应的mpb范围,同时研究其mpb范围内相应性能的情况。然后,使用同样的制备方法在前者基础上选择mpb范围内的0.7BFO-0.3BTO固溶体陶瓷进行掺杂改性。本文的主要内容如下:(1)采用微波烧结法制备了xBFO-(1-x)BTO(x=0.6,0.625,0.65,0.675,0.7,0.75,0.8)系列陶瓷样品,首先对陶瓷样品的物相及微观形貌进行了详细分析,所有陶瓷样品均表现出无杂相生成,元素分布均匀,致密性好,晶粒粗大的特点,并摸索出了x BFO-(1-x)BTO陶瓷的mpb范围为0.65≤x≤0.7。之后,研究发现mpb范围内的各项性能都得到了一定程度的提升,这与之前研究者使用其它方法得出的结论相一致。此外,mpb范围内的0.65BFO-0.35BTO陶瓷有着较佳的铁电性能:P值为35.44μC/cm,E为50.15 k V/cm。该P值达到了传统方法制备该基体的相当水平,而微波烧结法获得的样品质量高,且制备效率高。可见微波烧结法在BFO-BTO基体制备中具有显著优势。(2)采用微波烧结法制备了0.7BiFeO-0.3BaTiO-x%TmO(BFO-BTO-x%Tm,x=0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1,1.5,2,2.5)系列陶瓷样品,深入摸索了具有特殊双占位性质的Tm,其掺杂对位于mpb范围内的0.7BFO-0.3BTO陶瓷样品的物相结构、微观形貌、介电、铁电性能和铁磁性能的影响。实验结果表明,掺杂后的样品都表现出典型的钙钛矿结构,随着Tm的引入,陶瓷样品从含双相的P4mm四方相和R3c菱方相向单相转变,先完全转变成P4mm四方相,然后转变成Pm-3m立方相。同时,所有陶瓷样品晶粒也随着Tm的加入而变小。相与晶粒的变化必定会使性能产生一系列变化。其中掺杂量x为0.5的BFO-BTO-0.5%Tm陶瓷,位于双相区域,除了铁磁性能较弱外,在其它方面都表现出较好的特征,SEM和EDS能谱显示该成分的元素分布均匀,致密性好,晶粒较大的特点,而后的介电、铁电性能更是表现出了较高性能:T=472℃,ε=21586;P=39.22μC/cm,E=53.72 k V/cm。该样品最大介电常数ε值约为未掺杂样品的1.61倍,剩余极化P值约为未掺杂样品的1.75倍。因此,可见使用微波烧结法在BFO-BTO基体陶瓷上引入双占位Tm元素,可以有效的提高相应的电学性能。

关键词： BiFeO3-BaTiO3固溶体 mpb 微波烧结法掺杂多铁性

来源：

同方学位论文库评论

在线全文

同方学位论文库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The Structure and the Electrical Properties of Pb0.95La0.05[ZrxTi(0.95–x)(Mo1/3,In2/3)0.05]0.9875O3Ferroelectric Ceramics

引用

Materials Sciences and Applications 2011年第9期2卷 1199-1204页

作者： Malika Abba Ahmed Boutarfaia 不详

The structural, the dielectric, and the piezoelectric properties of new ferroelectric Pb0.95La0.05[ZrxTi(0.95–x)(Mo1/3,In2/3)0.05]0.9875O3(0.46 ≤ x ≤ 0.55) ceramics have been investigated. All the samples were being sintered at a temperature ranging from 1000 to 1180℃ after being compacted in circular discs. The detailed structural and ferroelectric properties were carried out for sintered specimens. The results of X-ray diffraction showed that all the ceramics specimens have a perovskite phase. The phase structure of Pb0.95La0.05[ZrxTi(0.95–x)(Mo1/3,In2/3)0.05]0.9875O3 ceramics was transformed from the tetragonal to the rhombohedral, with an increase in the ratio of Zr/Ti in system. In the present system the mpb that coexists with the tetragonal and rhombohedral phases is a narrow composition region of x = 0.50 – 0.51. The scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed an increase of the mean grain size when the sintering temperature was increased. The dielectric constant ε and the coupling factor Kp reached the maximum values, while the mechanical quality factor Qm and the loss tangent reached the lowest values when x = 0.50. For the composition where x = 0.50, these properties include ε = 5414 (at the Curie temperature), tangδ = 0.039, Kp = 0.67, Qm = 20 and a Curie temperature of 335℃.

关键词： mpb Sintering Piezoelectric Dielectric Zr/Ti Ratio Ceramic

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Effect of Ba2+ in BNT ceramics on dielectric and conductivity properties

引用

Natural Science 2010年第4期2卷 357-367页

作者： Konapala Sambasiva Rao Kuan China Varada Rajulu Bollepalli Tilak Anem Swathi 不详

The polycrystalline (Na0.5Bi0.5)1-xBaxTiO3 (x = 0.026, 0.055 & 0.065) (BNBT) ceramics have been synthesized by conventional solid state sinter-ing technique. The tolerance (t) factor of the BNBT composition have been estimated and found to be 0.988, 0.990 and 0.991 for x = 0.026, 0.055 and 0.065 respectively, revealing system is stable perovskite type structure. The com-pound has a rhombohedral-tetragonal Morphtropic Phase Boun- dary (mpb) at x = 0.065. XRD re-sults indicated the crystalline structure of the investigated materials are of single phase with rhombohedral structure and the average parti-cle size of the calcined powder is found to lie between 45 nm - 60 nm. The effect of Ba2+ on dielectric and conductivity properties in Bis-muth Sodium Titanate (BNT) has been studied. The variation of dielectric constant with fre-quency (45 Hz-5 MHz) and temperature (35℃-590℃) has been performed. The value of Tm and Td are found to decrease with increase of concentration of Barium in BNT. The value of tan in the studied materials is found to be the order of 10-2 indicating low loss materials. The evaluated Curie constant in the composi-tion is found to be the order of 105 revealing the materials belong to oxygen octahedra ferro-electrics. The theoretical dielectric data of the studied composition have been fitted by us- ing Jonscher’s dielectric dispersion relation: . The pre-factor a(T), which indicates the strength of the po-larizability showed a maximum at transition temperature (Tm). The exponent n(T) which gives a large extent of interaction between the charge carriers and polarization is found to be minimum in the vicinity of Tm. The A.C. and d.c conductivity activation energies have been eva- luated;the difference in activation energies could be due to the grain boundary effect. The activation enthalpy energies, have been esti-mated and found to be Hm = 0.37 eV, 0.26 eV and 0.25 eV for BNBT-26, BNBT-55 and BNBT-65 re-spectively.

关键词： mpb Dielectric Perovskite Conductivity Tolerance Factor

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Synthesis and Dielectric Properties of (0.80 - x)Pb(Cr1/5,Ni1/5,Sb3/5)O3-xPbTiO3-0.20PbZrO3Ferroelectric Ceramics

引用

Materials Sciences and Applications 2013年第11期4卷 746-750页

作者： Abdelhek Meklid Ahmed Boutarfaia Zelikha Necira Hayet Menasra Malika Abba Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Materials Science Department Mohamed Kheider University of Biskra Biskra Algeria Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Materials Science Department Mohamed Kheider University of Biskra Biskra Algeria University of Ouargla Ouargla Algeria

Perovskite PZT variants were synthesized from stoichiometric oxide ratios of Pb, Zr, Ti, Cr, Ni and Sb. The oxide powders were mixed mechanically and calcinated, and then sintered to form the desired perovskite phase. The detailed structural and ferroelectric properties were carried out for sintered specimens. The results of X-ray diffraction showed that all the ceramics specimens have a perovskite phase. The multi-component ceramic system consists of the (0.80?- x)Pb(Cr1/5,Ni1/5,Sb3/5)O3-xPbTiO3-0.20PbZrO3 (PZT-CNS), with 0.30 ≤ x ≤ 0.42, and the ternary system near the rhombohedral/tetragonal morphotropic phase boundary(mpb) was investigated by X-ray diffraction and dielectric properties. In the present system, the mpb that coexists with the tetragonal and rhombohedral phases is a narrow composition region of x = 0.38 - 0.42. The scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed an increase of the mean grain size when the sintering temperature was increased. A sintered density of 92.93% of the theoretical density was obtained for Ti = 42% after sintering at 1180°C. Ceramics sintered at 1180°C with Ti = 42% achieve excellent dielectric properties, which are as follows εr = 4262.48, and Tc = 340°C.

关键词： PZT Calcination Dielectric Properties mpb Ceramic X-Ray Methods

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

鹿结核分枝杆菌mpb70蛋白的表达与免疫原性鉴定

引用

中国畜牧兽医 2016年第12期43卷 3135-3140页

作者：王晓龙卢天成王秀然杨艳玲吉林农业大学生命科学学院长春130118 中国农业科学院特产研究所长春130112

本研究以分离的鹿结核分枝杆菌DNA为模板扩增免疫原性蛋白mpb70基因,获得约590bp片段,并将其克隆,构建原核表达载体pET-30a-mpb70,将重组质粒转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导后纯化和SDSPAGE分析,在20ku处可见特异性蛋白条带。利用鹿... 详细信息

本研究以分离的鹿结核分枝杆菌DNA为模板扩增免疫原性蛋白mpb70基因,获得约590bp片段,并将其克隆,构建原核表达载体pET-30a-mpb70,将重组质粒转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导后纯化和SDSPAGE分析,在20ku处可见特异性蛋白条带。利用鹿结核阳性血清进行Western blotting鉴定,原核表达的融合蛋白可与鹿结核阳性血清抗体结合,并出现特异的免疫反应。该蛋白可作为特异性抗原进行鹿结核病的检测,从而为鹿结核病诊断方法的研究奠定基础。

关键词：结核分枝杆菌 mpb 70 基因原核表达

来源：

维普期刊数据库博看期刊

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

具有准同型相界(mpb)组成的化合物(Sr_(1-x)Ba_x)_2NaNb_5O_(15)的晶体生长及性质研究

引用

人工晶体学报 2004年第3期33卷 339-342页

作者：仪修杰陈焕矗程振祥韩建儒曹文武翟剑庞杨长红姜付义山东大学晶体材料国家重点实验室济南250100 香港城市大学物理与材料科学系

用Czochralski方法生长出铁电钨青铜型单晶 (Sr1-xBax) 2 NaNb5O15(简称SBNN) ,晶体沿c轴方向生长。正交四方相的准同型相界 (简称为mpb)存在于x =0 .4 5～ 0 .5 0之间 ;SBNN晶体是不一致熔融的化合物 ,在晶体成长过程中 ,Sr2 + 的分... 详细信息

用Czochralski方法生长出铁电钨青铜型单晶 (Sr1-xBax) 2 NaNb5O15(简称SBNN) ,晶体沿c轴方向生长。正交四方相的准同型相界 (简称为mpb)存在于x =0 .4 5～ 0 .5 0之间 ;SBNN晶体是不一致熔融的化合物 ,在晶体成长过程中 ,Sr2 + 的分凝系数比Ba2 + 的大 ,因此具有高浓度Ba2 + 的SBNN晶体很难生长。晶体的居里温度是 2 4 3℃ ,在此温度下的相变是弥散的 ,随频率的增加 ,介电常数降低。

关键词： mpb Czochralski方法介电常数铌酸锶钡钠 SBNN 铁电单晶 Sr1-xBax

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欢迎您,

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

欢迎您,

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：