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Medium and long-term thermal coal contract embedded reparations from the perspective of an evolutionary game

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Global Energy Interconnection 2022年第2期5卷 181-191页

作者： Yalin Chen Yaqing Mou Shilong Ye Yan Chen School of Management Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Finance and EconomicsNanjing 210023P.R.China College of Letter and Science University of California Davis95618USA Department of Computer Science Guiyang UniversityGuiyang 550002P.R.China

Coal-fired electricity enterprises are caught in the dilemma of relative fixed prices and rising costs under the scenario of decarbonization.Meanwhile,soaring market-oriented coal pricing results in coal enterprises’increasing defaults on thermal coal medium-and long-term contracts(mlc).To investigate the implementation of mlc at the micro-level,this study formalized the contractual behaviors of coal and coal-fired electricity enterprises based on the asymmetric evolutionary game.We formalized the evolving behaviors of both parties using replicator dynamics equations and proved that there were two evolutionary stabilization strategies(ESSs):compliance and coal enterprises’unilateral default.A multi-agent-based simulation was applied to verify the evolving process of ESSs and determine the critical values of mlc design by sensitive analysis.From the simulation results,coal-fired electricity enterprises do not stop generation under the current carbon quota allocation mechanism,even if carbon emission trading increases electricity generation costs.Coal enterprises choose to“default”when the market price of coal is higher than the contracted price by 18%.However,if the original reparation is increased by 5%,the compliance rate of the coal enterprises improves.Dynamic reparations embedded in the mlc improved enforcement during the contracting period.Moreover,the proposed policy implications have practical significance for enhancing the coordinated operation of coal-electricity energy supply chains.

关键词： mlc Reparation Contractual behavior Evolutionary game Simulation.

Low-Complexity Detection and Decoding Scheme for LDPC-Coded mlc NAND Flash Memory

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China Communications 2018年第6期15卷 58-67页

作者： Xusheng Lin Guojun Han Shijie Ouyang Yanfu Li Yi Fang School of Information Engineering Guangdong University of Technology National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University

With the development of manufacture technology, the multi-level cell(mlc)technique dramatically increases the storage density of NAND flash memory. As the result,cell-to-cell interference(CCI) becomes more serious and hence causes an increase in the raw bit error rate of data stored in the cells.Recently, low-density parity-check(LDPC)codes have appeared to be a promising solution to combat the interference of mlc NAND flash memory. However, the decoding complexity of the sum-product algorithm(SPA) is extremely high. In this paper, to improve the accuracy of the log likelihood ratio(LLR) information of each bit in each NAND flash memory cell, we adopt a non-uniform detection(N-UD) which uses the average maximum mutual information to determine the value of the soft-decision reference voltages.Furthermore, with an aim to reduce the decoding complexity and improve the decoding performance, we propose a modified soft reliabilitybased iterative majority-logic decoding(MSRBI-MLGD) algorithm, which uses a non-uniform quantizer based on power function to decode LDPC codes. Simulation results show that our design can offer a desirable trade-off between the performance and complexity for high-column-weight LDPC-coded mlc NAND flash memory.

关键词：闪速存储器 LDPC 复杂性 mlc 译码编码制造技术存储密度

Multi level cell (mlc) in 3D crosspoint phase change memory array

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2021年第6期64卷 225-226页

作者： Nanbo GONG IBM T.J.Watson Research Center

The success of memory technology is of vital importance in order to handle emerging mass amount of data in our daily lives. Let us take one example here: The IBM summit is the supercomputer released in 2018 and it plays an important role to help researchers run large numbers of calculations and better understand COVID-191). To enable such powerful computing capability, the IBM summit includes250 petabytes storage capacity2). To make a fair comparison, this is larger than the total number of all the ants we can find on the earth(on the order of 10;–10;)3).

关键词： mlc Multi level cell in 3D crosspoint phase change memory array

Classification and Spatio-Temporal Change Detection of Land Use/Land Cover Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System in the Manouba Region, NE Tunisia

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2023年第6期15卷 652-668页

作者： Nadia Trabelsi Ibtissem Triki Imen Hentati Nizar Rachdi Laboratoire Eau Energie Environnement Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax Sfax Tunisia Faculte des Sciences de Gafsa Campus Universitaire Gafsa Tunisia Geoengine Geomatics and Geosciences Engineering Rue du lac de Constance Tunis Tunisia

Land use/land cover (LULC) mapping and change detection are fundamental aspects of remote sensing data application. Therefore, selecting an appropriate classifier approach is crucial for accurate classification and change assessment. In the first part of this study, the performance of machine learning classification algorithms was compared using Landsat 9 image (2023) of the Manouba government (Tunisia). Three different classification methods were applied: Maximum Likelihood Classification (mlc), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Trees (RT). The classification aimed to identify five land use classes: urban area, vegetation, bare area, water and forest. A qualitative assessment was conducted using Overall Accuracy (OA) and the Kappa coefficient (K), derived from a confusion matrix. The results of the land cover classification demonstrated a high level of accuracy. The SVM method exhibited the best performance, with an overall accuracy of 93% and a kappa accuracy of 0.9. The ML method is the second-best classifier with an overall accuracy of 92% and a kappa accuracy of 0.88. The Random Trees method yielded the lowest accuracy among the three approaches, with an overall accuracy of 91% and a kappa accuracy of 0.87. The second part of the study focused on analyzing LULC changes in the study area. Based on the classification results, the SVM method was chosen to classify the Landsat 7 image acquired in 2000. LULC changes from 2000 to 2023 were investigated using change detection comparison. The findings indicate that over the last 23 years, vegetation land and urban areas in the study area have experienced significant increases of 31.94% and 5.47%, respectively. This study contributed to a better understanding of the classification process and dynamic LULC changes in the Manouba region. It provided valuable insights for decision-makers in planning land conservation and management.

关键词： Remote Sensing GIS LULC SVM mlc RT Change Detection

mlc系统误差对不同复杂度宫颈癌VMAT计划剂量分布的影响

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现代肿瘤医学 2023年第23期31卷 4394-4399页

作者：范鹏王勋禺彭清河冯正富吕振华郭万劲王馨广州医科大学附属第六医院清远市人民医院肿瘤放疗科广东清远511518 华南肿瘤学国家重点实验室中山大学肿瘤防治中心肿瘤放疗科广东广州510060

目的:研究多叶准直器(mlc)误差对宫颈癌VMAT计划剂量的影响,定量分析计划复杂度与剂量变化量之间的相关性。方法:回顾性选取14例宫颈癌VMAT计划。通过Python对每个计划的mlc引入偏移误差(Type 1)、单边叶片偏移误差(Type 2)以及双边叶... 详细信息

目的:研究多叶准直器(mlc)误差对宫颈癌VMAT计划剂量的影响,定量分析计划复杂度与剂量变化量之间的相关性。方法:回顾性选取14例宫颈癌VMAT计划。通过Python对每个计划的mlc引入偏移误差(Type 1)、单边叶片偏移误差(Type 2)以及双边叶片异向整体偏移误差(Type 3)形成模拟计划与原计划进行比较,分析两者间剂量差异。采用小子野得分(small aperture score,SAS)衡量计划复杂度,线性回归分析SAS与计划剂量偏差之间的相关性。结果:当mlc误差为2 mm时,Type 1对计划剂量影响较小,误差导致剂量参数变化mlc误差类型为Type 2、Type 3时,靶区与危及器官Dmean的平均剂量偏差与SAS(5 cm)呈强线性相关性(R2≥0.63)。结论:Type 2和Type 3 mlc叶片系统误差对计划剂量参数影响明显,为保证mlc系统误差导致靶区剂量变化mlc叶片整体误差需小于0.4 mm每侧或0.9 mm单侧,SAS值可作为评价指标估算mlc误差对宫颈癌计划剂量影响的大小。

关键词：宫颈癌 VMAT mlc 系统误差计划复杂度

Rho激酶抑制剂对脓毒症大鼠肠屏障功能障碍的影响

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Rho激酶抑制剂对脓毒症大鼠肠屏障功能障碍的影响

作者：郭娜兰州大学

学位级别：硕士

目的:采用盲肠结扎穿孔(Cecum Ligation and Puncture,CLP)法建立脓毒症大鼠模型,研究Rho激酶(ROCK)抑制剂Y27632对脓毒症大鼠肠道组织紧密连接蛋白(ZO-1、Occludin)表达及通透性的影响,探究Y27632对脓毒症大鼠肠道屏障功能是否起保护... 详细信息

目的:采用盲肠结扎穿孔(Cecum Ligation and Puncture,CLP)法建立脓毒症大鼠模型,研究Rho激酶(ROCK)抑制剂Y27632对脓毒症大鼠肠道组织紧密连接蛋白(ZO-1、Occludin)表达及通透性的影响,探究Y27632对脓毒症大鼠肠道屏障功能是否起保护作用及其机制。方法:健康、成年雄性SD大鼠32只,随机分为4组(n=8):假手术组(Sham组),假手术+Y27632组(Sham+Y27632组),脓毒症组(Sepsis组)和脓毒症+Y27632组(Sepsis+Y27632组)。采用CLP法建立脓毒症大鼠模型,Sham组和Sham+Y27632组仅翻动肠管,不进行结扎穿孔;Sham+Y27632组和Sepsis+Y27632组于造模前15min腹腔注射Y27632溶液5mg/kg;Sham组和Sepsis组在相同时间点腹腔注射等量PBS溶液。造模24h后,安乐死大鼠。苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察大鼠小肠组织病理学变化并进行小肠黏膜损伤评分(Chiu’s评分);透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察肠上皮细胞超微结构;酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测肠道通透性指标血清D-乳酸(D-Lac)含量;免疫组化法(IHC)测定小肠组织ROCK1、磷酸化mlc(p-mlc)和紧密连接蛋白ZO-1、Occludin的表达水平。结果:(1)光镜下Sham组和Sham+Y27632组小肠绒毛结构正常,排列规则,无充血及断裂现象;Sepsis组小肠绒毛排列紊乱,部分绒毛断裂、脱落,黏膜血管出血;Sepsis+Y27632组小肠组织病理损伤明显减轻,小肠绒毛排列尚规则,连续性较完整。小肠黏膜损伤评分显示:与Sham组相比,Sepsis组大鼠Chiu’s评分显著升高(Pmlc的蛋白表达显著上调,ZO-1和Occludin的蛋白表达显著下调(Pmlc的蛋白表达显著下调,而ZO-1和Occludin的蛋白表达显著上调(P0.05)。结论:Y27632可以改善脓毒症大鼠肠屏障功能障碍,其机理可能是通过抑制ROCK1/mlc信号通路,上调肠道紧密连接蛋白表达,降低了肠道通透性。

关键词：脓毒症 Rho激酶 mlc 紧密连接肠黏膜屏障

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基于稀疏序列LDPC的多层码的迭代译码

东南大学学报（自然科学版） 2006年第2期36卷 194-197页

作者：黄平何善宝赵春明东南大学移动通信国家重点实验室

提出一种稀疏二进制序列构造的LDPC码作为分量码,译码采用串行迭代的多层码方案.每次串行迭代译码逐层进行,低层向高层传递译码软信息.采用该方案分别对8PSK和16QAM调制的多层码进行串行迭代译码和并行迭代译码的性能仿真.仿真结果表明... 详细信息

提出一种稀疏二进制序列构造的LDPC码作为分量码,译码采用串行迭代的多层码方案.每次串行迭代译码逐层进行,低层向高层传递译码软信息.采用该方案分别对8PSK和16QAM调制的多层码进行串行迭代译码和并行迭代译码的性能仿真.仿真结果表明:该方案的编码复杂度较低,相比于并行迭代译码,串行迭代译码简化了译码结构,且2种迭代译码算法复杂度相同;在AWGN信道和平坦瑞利衰落信道中,串行迭代译码的误比特性能优于并行迭代译码.

关键词： mlc 稀疏序列LDPC码 MSD 串行迭代译码并行迭代译码

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应用射频消融法对肝肿瘤患者进行规范化治疗

中华医学杂志 2005年第25期85卷 1741-1746页

作者：陈敏华杨薇严昆高文戴莹王艳滨霍苓张晖黄信孚北京大学临床肿瘤学院超声科 100036 北京大学临床肿瘤学院肿瘤外科 100036

目的探讨射频消融(RFA)规范化治疗及综合措施对提高肝肿瘤疗效的应用价值。方法302例计476个肝脏恶性肿瘤行RFA治疗,应用规范化治疗方案及附加治疗方法,总结疗效。原发性肝癌(HCC)181例,282个癌灶,肿瘤大小平均4.2cm。肝转移癌(mlc)121... 详细信息

目的探讨射频消融(RFA)规范化治疗及综合措施对提高肝肿瘤疗效的应用价值。方法302例计476个肝脏恶性肿瘤行RFA治疗,应用规范化治疗方案及附加治疗方法,总结疗效。原发性肝癌(HCC)181例,282个癌灶,肿瘤大小平均4.2cm。肝转移癌(mlc)121例,194个癌灶,肿瘤大小平均3.9cm。根据肿瘤大小、形态及邻近膈肌、胆囊、胃肠等不同位置,采用相应的规范化方案及个体化方案相结合治疗;重视相邻重要结构区域的消融布针方法及操作技巧;应用辅助定位、局部注水、加强肿瘤血管消融等附加方法综合治疗。结果综合应用以上方法,RFA后1个月增强CT或超声造影显示肿瘤灭活率HCC为95.7%(270/282),mlc为94.8%(184/194);邻近肠管肿瘤为91.1%(51/56),邻近膈肌肿瘤为88.5%(69/78),邻近胆囊肿瘤为94.3%(49/52)。随访3～57个月,局部复发率HCC为10.3%(29/282),mlc为14.4%(28/194)。患者1年、2年、3年的生存率HCC为87.6%、67.4%、58.6%;其中50例Ⅰ～Ⅱ期肝癌的生存率分别为90.7%、85.9%、73.7%。mlc为87.4%、48.2%、25.3%。并发症占2.2%(13/583);分别为出血5例,采用局部消融、全身用药等处理措施;肠穿孔1例,对邻近肠管肿瘤采用治疗后延长禁食时间等措施进行预防。余7例为邻近脏器结构轻度损伤,无与射频治疗相关死亡。结论采用规范化RFA治疗方案及适宜的个体化治疗方案,重视附加方法的应用,有助于提高肝肿瘤灭活率;掌握主要并发症的类型及对应预防措施,是提高疗效及推广RFA治疗的重要环节。

关键词：规范化治疗射频消融法肿瘤患者射频消融(RFA) 个体化治疗方案肝脏恶性肿瘤肿瘤大小原发性肝癌个体化方案规范化方案局部复发率 HCC mlc 应用价值肿瘤疗效综合措施治疗方法肝转移癌结合治疗操作技巧辅助定位

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高储能密度陶瓷电容器电气性能研究

高电压技术 2004年第10期30卷 49-51页

作者：戴玲林福昌朱志芳李劲华中科技大学电气与电子工程学院武汉430074

陶瓷因介电常数高、无老化等优点而适用于高储能密度电容器。用第 2类瓷介研制了不同规格的高压高储能密度的多层陶瓷电容器 (mlc)样品 ,试验表明充放电 10 7次后其电容量和介损基本不变或稍有上升 (改变≯5 % )。不计热量积累时 1～ 10... 详细信息

陶瓷因介电常数高、无老化等优点而适用于高储能密度电容器。用第 2类瓷介研制了不同规格的高压高储能密度的多层陶瓷电容器 (mlc)样品 ,试验表明充放电 10 7次后其电容量和介损基本不变或稍有上升 (改变≯5 % )。不计热量积累时 1～ 10 0 0Hz的充放电频率不影响电容器性能。阐述了BaTiO3 的铁电特性引起的mlc放电波形的特殊性后初步研究了电容器样品的损坏机理和关键因素。符合X7R温度特性的mlc的稳定电气性能表明了它很适于制作高压。

关键词：高储能密度多层陶瓷电容器电气性能充放电介损电容量 mlc 电波温度特性介电常数