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Water level fluctuations influence microbial communities and mercury methylation in soils in the Three Gorges Reservoir,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第6期30卷 206-217页

作者： Yuping Xiang Yongmin Wang Cheng Zhang Hong Shen Dingyong Wang College of Resources and Environment Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area Chongqing 400715 China Chongqing Key Laboratory of agricultural Resources and Environment Chongqing 400715 China

Reservoirs tend to have enhanced methylmercury（MeHg） concentrations compared to natural lakes and rivers, and water level fluctuations can promote MeHg production. Until now, little research has been conducted on the effects of microorganisms in soils for the formation of MeHg during different drying and flooding alternating conditions in the Three Gorges Reservoir（TGR）. This study aimed to understand how water level fluctuations affect soil microbial composition and mercury concentrations, and if such microbial variations are related to Hg methylation. The results showed that MeHg concentrations and the ratios of MeHg to THg（MeHg%） in soils were higher in the seasonally drying and flooding alternating areas（DFAs, 175–155 m） than those in the non-inundated（NIAs, 〉 175 m） and inundated areas（IAs, 〈 145 m）. However, MeHg% in all samples was less than 1%, indicating that the Hg methylation activity in the soils of the TGR was under a low level. 454 highthroughput sequencing of 16 S rRNA gene amplicons showed that soil bacterial abundance and diversity were relatively higher in DFA compared to those in NIA and IA, and microbial community composition varied in these three areas. At the family level, those groups in Deltaproteobacteria and Methanomicrobia that might have many Hg methylators were also showed a higher relative abundance in DFA, which might be the reason for the higher MeHg production in these areas. Overall, our results suggested that seasonally water level fluctuations can enhance the microbial abundance and diversity, as well as MeHg production in the TGR.

关键词： Water level fluctuation zone Three Gorges Reservoir Soil microbial communities Methylmercury Methylators

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Comparison of mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestions of thermal hydrolysis pretreated swine manure: Process performance,microbial communities and energy balance

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第4期126卷 222-233页

作者： Xiaohui Liu Changmin Lee Jae Young Kim Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of swine manure (SM) commonly shows low biogas output and unsatisfactory economic performance. In this study, thermophilic AD (TAD, 50±1℃) was combined with thermal hydrolysis pretreatment (THP, 170℃/10 bar), to investigate its potential for maximizing biogas yield, securing successful digestion and microbial diversity, as well as improving energy balance. Four lab-scale continuously stirred tank reactors were operated for 300 days and compared with each other, i.e., reactor 1 (raw SM fed in mesophilic AD:RSM-MAD), reactor 2 (THP-treated SM fed in MAD:TSM-MAD), reactor 3 (RSM-TAD),and reactor 4 (TSM-TAD). The results showed that THP was efficient to increase methane production of SM, TSM-TAD mode led to the highest methane yield (129.8±40.5 mL-CH_(4)/gVS/day) among the tests (p 700 mg/L) or volatile fatty acids (> 6000 mg/L) accumulation compared with MAD in start-up phase, TSM-TAD treatment mode behaved a sustainable digestion process in a long-term operation. For TSM-TAD scenario, higher Shannon–Weaver (3.873) and lower Simpson index (0.061) indicated this mode ensured and enlarged the diversity of bacteria communities. Phylum Bathyarchaeota was dominant (59.3%-90.0%) in archaea community,followed by Euryarchaeota in the four reactors. RSM-MAD treatment mode achieved the highest energy output (4.65 GJ/day), TSM-TAD was less effective (-17.38 GJ/day) due to increased energy demands. Thus improving the energetic efficiency of THP units is recommended for the development of TSM-TAD treatment mode.

关键词： Thermal hydrolysis pretreatment Digestion temperature Process performances microbial communities Energy balance

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 378-386页

作者： Hu Cui Yang Ou Duian Lv Lixia Wang Aizhen Liang Baixing Yan Yingxin Li Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130102China Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region&Beautiful Country Construction Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130102China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Second Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China

Ecological stoichiometry is an important indicator presenting multiple elements balance in ***,information on microbial communities and nutrient stoichiometry in soil aggregate fractions under different croplands(rice,maize,and soybean fields)remains ***,this study investigated water-stable aggregate structure and their internal nutrient stoichiometry under different croplands and ascertain their interaction mechanism with microbial *** results showed that no significant difference on the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio(C:N)in soil aggregate fractions was observed,while the carbon-to-phosphorus ratio(C:P)and the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio(N:P)were ranked as rice field>maize field>soybean field,and were higher in mega-aggregates(ME,>1 mm).General fatty acid methyl ester(FAME),Gram-positive bacteria(G+),and Gramnegative bacteria(G−)were predominant microbial communities in all croplands and tented to condense into *** analysis(RDA)demonstrated that N:P ratio was primary environmental controls on the distribution of soil *** the Sanjiang Plain,N was the nutrient element limiting agro-ecosystem productivity,and rice cultivation is expected to improve the N-limited nutrient status.

关键词： Sanjiang Plain Croplands Soil aggregates microbial communities Ecological stoichiometry

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Rhizospheric microbial communities are driven by Panax ginseng at different growth stages and biocontrol bacteria alleviates replanting mortality

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2018年第2期8卷 272-282页

作者： Linlin Dong Jiang Xu Lianjuan Zhang Ruiyang Cheng Guangfei Wei He Su Juan Yang Jun Qian Ran Xu Shilin Chen Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences

The cultivation of Panax plants is hindered by replanting problems, which may be caused by plantdriven changes in the soil microbial community. Inoculation with microbial antagonists may efficiently alleviate replanting issues. Through high-throughput sequencing, this study revealed that bacterial diversity decreased,whereas fungal diversity increased, in the rhizosphere soils of adult ginseng plants at the root growth stage under different ages. Few microbial community, such as Luteolibacter, Cytophagaceae, Luteibacter, Sphingomonas,Sphingomonadaceae, and Zygomycota, were observed; the relative abundance of microorganisms, namely,Brevundimonas, Enterobacteriaceae, Pandoraea, Cantharellales, Dendryphion, Fusarium, and Chytridiomycota,increased in the soils of adult ginseng plants compared with those in the soils of 2-year-old seedlings. Bacillus subtilis 50-1, a microbial antagonist against the pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum, was isolated through a dual culture technique. These bacteria acted with a biocontrol efficacy of 67.8%. The ginseng death rate and Fusarium abundance decreased by 63.3% and 46.1%, respectively, after inoculation with B. subtilis 50-1. Data revealed that microecological degradation could result from ginseng-driven changes in rhizospheric microbial communities;these changes are associated with the different ages and developmental stages of ginseng plants. Biocontrol using microbial antagonists alleviated the replanting problem.

关键词： Panax ginseng microbial communities Replanting problem High-throughput sequencing Different ages Bioremediation

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Development and applications of functional gene microarrays in the analysis of the functional diversity,composition,and structure of microbial communities

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2011年第1期5卷 1-20页

作者： Zhili HE Joy DVAN NOSTRAND Ye DENG Jizhong ZHOU Institute for Environmental Genomics Department of Botany and MicrobiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA Earth Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Functional gene arrays(FGAs)are a special type of microarrays containing probes for key genes involved in microbial functional processes,such as biogeochemical cycling of carbon,nitrogen,sulfur,phosphorus,and metals,biodegradation of environmental contaminants,energy processing,and stress *** are considered as the most comprehensive *** established probe design criteria and a computational pipeline integrating sequence retrieval,probe design and verification,array construction,data analysis,and automatic update are used to develop the GeoChip *** has been systematically evaluated and demonstrated to be a powerful tool for rapid,specific,sensitive,and quantitative analysis of microbial communities in a high-throughput *** generations of GeoChip have been developed and applied to investigate the functional diversity,composition,structure,function,and dynamics of a variety of microbial communities from different habitats,such as water,soil,marine,bioreactor,human microbiome,and extreme *** is able to address fundamental questions related to global change,bioenergy,bioremediation,agricultural operation,land use,human health,environmental restoration,and ecological theories and to link the microbial community structure to environmental factors and ecosystem functioning.

关键词： functional gene arrays(FGAs) GeoChip microbial communities functional diversity/composition/structure environmental factor ecosystem functioning

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Using pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR to analyze microbial communities

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2011年第1期5卷 21-27页

作者： Husen ZHANG Department of Civil Environmentaland Construction EngineeringUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32816USA

New high-throughput technologies continue to emerge for studying complex microbial *** particular,massively parallel pyrosequencing enables very high numbers of sequences,providing a more complete view of community structures and a more accurate inference of the functions than has been possible just a few years *** parallel,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(QPCR)allows quantitative monitoring of specific community members over time,space,or different environmental *** this review,the principles of these two methods and their complementary applications in studying microbial ecology in bioenvironmental systems are *** parallel sequencing of amplicon libraries and using barcodes to differentiate multiple samples in a pyrosequencing run are *** best procedures and chemistries for QPCR amplifications are also described and advantages of applying automation to increase accuracy are *** examples in which pyrosequencing and QPCR were used together to define and quantify members of microbial communities are provided:in the human large intestine,in a methanogenic digester whose sludge was made more bioavailable by a high-voltage pretreatment,and on the biofilm anode of a microbial electrolytic *** key findings in these systems and how both methods were used in concert to achieve those findings are highlighted.

关键词： polymerase chain reaction(PCR) microbial communities pyrosequencing gut microbial fuel cell sludge

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Preservation of nucleic acids by freeze-drying for next generation sequencing analyses of soil microbial communities

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 81-90页

作者： Christina Weißbecker François Buscot Tesfaye Wubet Department of Soil Ecology UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchTheodor-Lieser-Straße 406120 Halle(Saale)Germany Institute of Biology University of LeipzigJohannis-Allee 3-504103 LeipzigGermany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Jena-Halle-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany

Aims Soil sample preservation is a challenging aspect in molecular studies on soil microbial *** demands for specialized sample storage equipment,chemicals and standardized protocols for nucleic acid extraction often require sample processing in a home laboratory that can be continents apart from sampling *** sampling procedures,especially when dealing with RNA,comprise immediate snap freezing of soils in liquid nitrogen and storage at−80℃until further *** these instances,organizing a reliable cooling chain to transport hundreds of soil samples between continents is very costly,if possible at *** this study we tested the effect of soil sample preservation by freeze-drying with subsequent short-term storage at 4℃or ambient temperatures compared to−80℃freezing by comparative barcoding analyses of soil microbial *** Two grassland soil samples were collected in Central Germany in the Biodiversity Exploratory Hainich-Dü*** were freeze-dried or stored at−80℃as ***-dried samples were stored at 4℃or ambient *** storage times for both storage temperatures were 1 and 7 *** DNA and RNA were extracted and bacterial and arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungal communities were analyzed by amplicon 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S(V4-V5 variable region)and 18S(NS31-AM1 fragment)of ribosomal RNA(rRNA)marker genes,*** Findings Bacterial communities were sufficiently well preserved at the rDNA and rRNA level although storage effects showed as slightly decreased alpha diversity indices for the prolonged storage of freeze-dried samples for 7 *** fungal communities could be studied without significant changes at the rDNA and rRNA *** results suggest that proper sampling design followed by immediate freeze-drying of soil samples enables short-term transportation of soil samples across continents.

关键词： lyophilization soil preservation biodiversity microbial communities

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Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer with Antagonistic Bacteria against Tobacco Bacterial Wilt on Soil microbial communities and Disease Resistance of Tobacco

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2015年第6期4卷 61-65,69页

作者： Xiaolong LI Qiang ZENG Hongli LI Yan WANG Shaowu Branch of Nanping Tobacco Company School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Zhengzhou University

In this study, the effects of bio-organic fertilizer with antagonistic bacteria against tobacco bacterial wilt on soil microbial communities and disease resist- ance of tobacco were investigated by field experiment. The results showed that the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt in bio-organic fertilizer treatments （T3 and T4） decreased remarkably among four treatments in the field. Compared with the local conventional fertilization group, the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt was re- duced by 21.9% and 25.0% in T3 and T4, respectively ; the yield of flue-cured tobacco was improved by 5.7% and 5.3%, respectively ; the proportion of mid- high grade tobacco leaves increased by 2.3% and 2.6%, respectively. After application of bio-organie fertilizer with antagonistic bacteria against tobacco bacterial wilt, rhizosphere soil microbial communities exhibited vast amount and abundant species ; the amount of rhizosphere soil bacteria of infected tobacco plants was im- proved by 218.5% with fewer species. It could be concluded that the application of bio-organic fertilizer with antagonistic bacteria against tobacco bacterial wilt could improve the ecological environment of tobacco field, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, decrease the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt, and enhance the quality of flue-cured tobacco. This study laid the foundation for further ecological prevention and control of soil-borne diseases of tobacco.

关键词： Bio-organic fertilizer Tobacco bacterial wilt microbial communities

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Diverse responses of fungal functional groups to desertification in forest soils of Pinus densata on the Chinese Tibetan plateau

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JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH 2024年第1期35卷 1-11页

作者： Hua, Jiani Zhang, Jiangbao Song, Baohan Wang, Tianyi Li, Jingji Yang, Nan Mao, Lingfeng Nanjing Forestry Univ Coll Ecol & Environm Coinnovat Ctr Sustainable Forestry Southern China Lab Biodivers & Conservat Nanjing 210037 Peoples R China Chengdu Univ Technol Inst Ecol Resources & Landscape Architecture Chengdu 610059 Peoples R China

Rapid increase in desertification is an environmental concern, especially for the health and sustainability of ecosystems in changing climates. How ecosystems respond to such changes may be partially understood by studying interactions and performance of critically important groups such as soil fungi functional groups. This study investigated variations in diversities of three soil fungi functional guilds (saprotrophic, symbiotic, pathogenic) and influencing abiotic factors in a Pinus densata forest on the southeast Tibetan Plateau where desertification is intense. The results indicate desertification significantly decreased the proportion of dominant fungal guild-symbiotic fungi (mean relative abundance decreasing from 97.0% to 68.3%), in contrast to saprotrophic fungi (increasing from 2.7% to 25.7%) and pathogenic (from 0.3% to 5.9%). Soil pH had the most significant impact on fungal community structure and negatively correlated with symbiotic fungal richness, which was significantly lower in arid soils, and positively correlated with saprotrophic and pathogenic fungal alpha-diversity, which were abundant. Different community structures and regulators of the three fungi communities were observed, with pH, total phosphorus and ammonium (NH4+) as the main determinants. This study links the biotic and abiotic components during desertification and the interactions between them, and may be used as indicators of ecosystem health and for amendments to mitigate the effects of a changing climate.

关键词： Desertification Fungal diversity Saprotrophs Ectomycorrhizal fungi Climate change MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT microbial communities MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI PLANT DIVERSITY ENZYME-ACTIVITY ECTOMYCORRHIZAL PH ECOSYSTEM FRAMEWORK GRADIENT

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Fungal residues were more sensitive to nitrogen addition than bacterial residues in a meadow grassland soil

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SOIL ECOLOGY LETTERS 2024年第3期6卷 230216-230216页

作者： Pei, Zhifu Hong, Mei Inner Mongolia Agr Univ Univ Inner Mongolia Autonomous Reg Inner Mongolia Key Lab Soil Qual & Nutrient Resour Key Lab Agr Ecol Secur & Green Dev Hohhot 010018 Peoples R China

Fungi are more sensitive to long-term nitrogen addition than ***-term nitrogen addition significantly reduces fungal biomass, but promotes the accumulation of fungal residues in ***-term nitrogen addition has no significant impact on bacterial biomass and *** (N) addition can significantly affect the amount of soil carbon (C) pools through biological routes, and microbial residues are important components of soil carbon pools. However, it remains unclear how N addition affects the accumulation of soil microbial residues in meadow grasslands. This study analyzed the effects of N addition on microbial residues in a meadow grassland soil, and the key factors affecting the accumulation of microbial residues under N addition were analyzed in combination with soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure. The results showed that N addition significantly changed the structure of the microbial communities and the accumulation of microbial residues, mainly manifested by a significant decrease in fungal biomass and the fungal/bacterial ratio (F/B), but had no significant effect on bacterial or total microbial biomass (PLFAs). N addition significantly increased the accumulation of fungal residues (7.45%), but had no significant effect on the accumulation of bacterial residues or total amino sugar (TAS). We found that fungal residues were more affected by soil environmental factors than bacterial residues. The results of the random forest analysis showed that bacterial biomass under N addition was the most important predictor of soil bacterial residues, whereas total N (TN), pH and F/B were the most important predictors of soil fungal residue. In summary, our results indicate that fungal communities and residues accumulation play important roles in regulating the response of grassland soil C to N addition, further enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms of soil carbon pool to N addition.

关键词： nitrogen addition microbial residues microbial community composition soil organic carbon microbial communities DEPOSITION ACID CARBON SEQUESTRATION PATTERNS ENZYMES BIOMASS SEM

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