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Function of microglia and macrophages in secondary damage after spinal cord injury

Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第20期9卷 1787-1795页

作者： Xiang Zhou Xijing He Yi Ren Department of Orthopedic Surgery the Second Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Department of Biomedical Sciences Florida State University College of MedicineTallahasseeFLUSA

Spinal cord injury （SCI） is a devastating type of neurological trauma with limited therapeutic op- portunities. The pathophysiology of SCI involves primary and secondary mechanisms of injury. Among all the secondary injury mechanisms, the inflammatory response is the major contrib- utor and results in expansion of the lesion and further loss of neurologic function. meanwhile, the inflammation directly and indirectly dominates the outcomes of SCI, including not only pain and motor dysfunction, but also preventingneuronal regeneration. microglia and macrophages play very important roles in secondary injury. microglia reside in spinal parenchyma and survey the microenvironment through the signals of injury or infection. macrophages are derived from monocytes recruited to injured sites from the peripheral circulation. Activated resident microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages induce and magnify immune and inflammatory responses not only by means of their secretory moleculesand phagocytosis, but also through their influence on astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and demyelination. In this review, we focus on the roles of mi- croglia and macrophages in secondary injury and how they contribute to the sequelae of SCI.

关键词： astrocytes cytokines chemokines demyelination inflammation oligodendrocytes mi/m2 activation macrophages microglia secondary damage spinal cord injury

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