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Military Medical Research 2017年第4期4卷 229-235页

作者： Sanjeewa Jayachandra Rajakaruna Wen-Bin Liu Yi-Bo Ding Guang-Wen Cao Department of Epidemiology Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai2oo433China

Hospital-acquired infections(HAIs) are serious problems for healthcare systems, especially in developing countries where public health infrastructure and technology for infection preventions remain undeveloped. Here, we characterized how strategy and technology could be mobilized to improve the effectiveness of infection prevention and control in hospitals during the outbreaks of Ebola, Middle East respiratory syndrome(mers), and severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) in Asia and West Africa. Published literature on the hospital-borne outbreaks of SARS, Ebola, and mers in Asia and West Africa was comprehensively reviewed. The results showed that healthcare systems and hospital management in affected healthcare facilities had poor strategies and inadequate technologies and human resources for the prevention and control of HAIs, which led to increased morbidity, mortality, and unnecessary costs. We recommend that governments worldwide enforce disaster risk management, even when no outbreaks are imminent. Quarantine and ventilation functions should be taken into consideration in architectural design of hospitals and healthcare facilities. We also recommend that health authorities invest in training healthcare workers for disease outbreak response, as their preparedness is essential to reducing disaster risk.

关键词： SARS Ebola mers Infection control Hospital-acquired infections Strategy Technology

Biological, clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19, SARS and mers and AutoDock simulation of ACE2

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第4期9卷 10-20页

作者： Xue-Yan Zhang Hao-Jie Huang Dong-Lin Zhuang Moussa Ide Nasser Ming-Hua Yang Ping Zhu Ming-Yi Zhao Department of Pediatrics The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410013HunanChina Xiangya School of Medicine Central South UniversityChangsha 410013HunanChina Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou 510100GuangdongChina

Background:The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has caused a public catastrophe and global concern.The main symptoms of COVID-19 are fever,cough,myalgia,fatigue and lower respiratory tract infection signs.Almost all populations are susceptible to the virus,and thebasic reproduction number(R0)is 2.8-3.9.The fight against COVID-19 should have two aspects:one is the treatment of infected patients,and the other is the mobilization of the society to avoid the spread of the virus.The treatment of patients includes supportive treatment,antiviral treatment,and oxygen therapy.For patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)and circulatory support are recommended.Plasma therapy and traditional Chinese medicine have also achieved good outcomes.This review is intended to summarize the research on this new coronavirus,to analyze the similarities and differences between COVID-19 and previous outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)and Middle East respiratory syndrome(mers)and to provide guidance regarding new methods of prevention,diagnosis and clinical treatment based on autodock simulations.Methods:This review compares the multifaceted characteristics of the three coronaviruses including COVID-19,SARS and mers.Our researchers take the COVID-19,SARS,and mers as key words and search literatures in the Pubmed database.We compare them horizontally and vertically which respectively means concluding the individual characteristics of each coronavirus and comparing the similarities and differences between the three coronaviruses.Results:We searched for studies on each outbreak and their solutions and found that the main biological differences among SARS-CoV-2,SARS-CoV and mers-CoV are in ORF1a and the sequence of gene spike coding protein-S.We also found that the types and severity of clinical symptoms vary,which means that the diagnosis and nursing measures also require differentiation.In addition to the common route of transmission including airbo

关键词： COVID-19 Coronavirus SARS mers Autodock

A Comprehensive Review of Animal Models for Coronaviruses: SARSCoV-2, SARS-CoV, and mers-CoV

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Virologica Sinica 2020年第3期35卷 290-304页

作者： Ashutosh Singh Rahul Soloman Singh Phulen Sarma Gitika Batra Rupa Joshi Hardeep Kaur Amit Raj Sharma Ajay Prakash Bikash Medhi Department of Pharmacology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India

The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease(COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) has already affected a large population of the world. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the same family of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(mersCoV). COVID-19 has a complex pathology involving severe acute respiratory infection, hyper-immune response, and coagulopathy. At present, there is no therapeutic drug or vaccine approved for the disease. There is an urgent need for an ideal animal model that can reflect clinical symptoms and underlying etiopathogenesis similar to COVID-19 patients which can be further used for evaluation of underlying mechanisms, potential vaccines, and therapeutic strategies. The current review provides a paramount insight into the available animal models of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and mers-CoV for the management of the diseases.

关键词： Coronaviruses SARS mers COVID-19 Animal model

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus： current situation and travel-associated concerns

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Frontiers of Medicine 2016年第2期10卷 111-119页

作者： Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq Ali S. Omrani Ziad A. Memish johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare Dhahran 31311 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN 46202-3082 USA Department of Medicine Section of Infectious Diseases King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre Riyadh 11211 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health Riyadh 11514 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia College of Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh 11533 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus （mers-CoV） in 2012 brought back memories of the occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus （SARS-CoV） in 2002. More than 1500 mers-CoV cases were recorded in 42 months with a case fatality rate （CFR） of 40%. Meanwhile, 8000 cases of SARS-CoV were confirmed in six months with a CFR of 10%. The clinical presentation of mers-CoV ranges from mild and non-specific presentation to progressive and severe pneumonia. No predictive signs or symptoms exist to differentiate mers-CoV from community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients. An apparent heterogeneity was observed in transmission. Most mers-CoV cases were secondary to large outbreaks in healthcare settings. These cases were secondary to community-acquired cases, which may also cause family outbreaks. Travel-associated mers infection remains low. However, the virus exhibited a clear tendency to cause large outbreaks outside the Arabian Peninsula as exemplified by the outbreak in the Republic of Korea. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about mers-CoV and highlight travel-related issues.

关键词： coronavirus mers Middle East respiratory syndrome

Impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on diabetes mellitus:A pre and post pandemic evaluation

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World Journal of Virology 2023年第3期12卷 151-171页

作者： A H M Nurun Nabi Akio Ebihara Hossain Uddin Shekhar Shekhar Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of DhakaDhaka 1000Bangladesh Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences Gifu UniversityGifu 501-1193Japan

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by the novel beta coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)crippled the whole world and has resulted in large number of morbidity and mortality.The origin of the SARS-CoV-2 is still disputed.The risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 is dependent on several risk factors as observed in many studies.The severity of the disease depends on many factors including the viral strain,host immunogenetics,environmental factors,host genetics,host nutritional status and presence of comorbidities like hypertension,diabetes,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,cardiovascular disease,renal impairment.Diabetes is a metabolic disorder mainly characterized by hyperglycemia.Diabetic individuals are intrinsically prone to infections.SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with diabetes result inβ-cell damage and cytokine storm.Damage to the cells impairs the equilibrium of glucose,leading to hyperglycemia.The ensuing cytokine storm causes insulin resistance,especially in the muscles and liver,which also causes a hyperglycemic state.All of these increase the severity of COVID-19.Genetics also play pivotal role in disease pathogenesis.This review article focuses from the probable sources of coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 to its impacts on individuals with diabetes and host genetics in pre-and post-pandemic era.

关键词： Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Diabetes mers SARS Single nucleotide polymorphism

Identification of an ideal adjuvant for receptor-binding domain-based subunit vaccines against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第2期13卷 180-190页

作者： Naru Zhang Rudragouda Channappanavar Cuiqing Ma Lili Wang Jian Tang Tania Garron Xinrong Tao Sumaiya Tasneem Lu Lu Chien-Te K Tseng Yusen Zhou Stanley Perlman Shibo Jiang Lanying Du Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute New York Blood Center New York NY USA Department of Microbiology University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Disease University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX USA Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health Shanghai Medical College and Institute of Medical Microbiology Fudan University Shanghai China Xiang-Ya Medical College Central South University Changsha. China

Middle East respiratory syndrome （mers）, an emerging infectious disease caused by mers coronavirus （mers-CoV）, has garnered worldwide attention as a consequence of its continuous spread and pandemic potential, making the development of effective vaccines a high priority. We previously demonstrated that residues 377-588 of mers-CoV spike （S） protein receptor-binding domain （RBD） is a very promising mers subunit vaccine candidate, capable of inducing potent neutralization antibody responses. In this study, we sought to identify an adjuvant that optimally enhanced the immunogenicity of S377-588 protein fused with Fc of human IgG （S377-588-Fc）. Specifically, we compared several commercially available adjuvants, including Freund＇s adjuvant, aluminum, Monophosphoryl lipid A, Montanide ISA51 and MF59 with regard to their capacity to enhance the immunogenicity of this subunit vaccine. In the absence of adjuvant, S377-588-Fc alone induced readily detectable neutralizing antibody and T-cell responses in immunized mice. However, incorporating an adjuvant improved its immunogenicity. Particularly, among the aforementioned adjuvants evaluated, MF59 is the most potent as judged by its superior ability to induce the highest titers of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a subtypes, and neutralizing antibodies. The addition of MF59 significantly augmented the immunogenicity of S377-588-Fcto induce strong IgG and neutralizing antibody responses as well as protection against mers-CoV infection in mice, suggesting that MF59 is an optimal adjuvant for mers-CoV RBD-based subunit vaccines.

关键词： adjuvant effects mers mers-CoV receptor-binding domain subunit vaccine

Effects of environmental variability on superspreading transmission events in stochastic epidemic models

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 560-583页

作者： Nika Shakiba Christina J.Edholm Blessing O.Emerenini Anarina L.Murillo Angela Peace Omar Saucedo Xueying Wang Linda J.S.Allen School of Biomedical Engineering University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Department of Mathematics Scripps CollegeClaremontCAUSA Department of Mathematics Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA Department of Pediatrics and Center for Statistical Sciences Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Department of Mathematics Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVAUSA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Washington State UniversityPullmanWAUSA School of Mathematical Sciences Rochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNYUSA

Superspreaders(individuals with a high propensity for disease spread)have played a pivotal role in recent emerging and re-emerging diseases.In disease outbreak studies,host heterogeneity based on demographic(e.***.age,sex,vaccination status)and environmental(e.***.climate,urban/rural residence,clinics)factors are critical for the spread of infectious diseases,such as Ebola and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome(mers).Transmission rates can vary as demographic and environmental factors are altered naturally or due to modified behaviors in response to the implementation of public health strategies.In this work,we develop stochastic models to explore the effects of demographic and environmental variability on human-to-human disease transmission rates among superspreaders in the case of Ebola and mers.We show that the addition of environmental variability results in reduced probability of outbreak occurrence,however the severity of outbreaks that do occur increases.These observations have implications for public health strategies that aim to control environmental variables.

关键词： Superspreader mers Ebola Environmental variability Stochastic models

Comparison between SARS, mers and COVID-19 in diagnostic criteria

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Medical Theory and Hypothesis 2022年第3期5卷 5-8页

作者： Mohammad Darvishi Mohammad Reza Nazer Fatemeh Hajilou Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center(IDTMRC) Department of Aerospace and Subaquatic MedicineAJA University of Medicinal SciencesTehranIran Department of Infectious Diseases Hepatitis Research CenterLorestan University of Medical SciencesKhorramabadIran Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran

Since a lot of people get involved by COVID-19 infection and died and lots of them obliged to stay at home and teleworking due to its unknown contagious pneumonia in February and March 2020 in Iran and the world;and this number is growing,it seems necessary to study the diagnostic criteria of this virus,based on the recently published articles,and then compare them with Severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)and Middle East respiratory syndrome(mers).Corona viruses are the largest known RNA viruses able to infect humans and birds.These viruses can cause more serious respiratory diseases in elderly,or immunocompromised individuals.In this article,by comparing COVID-19,SARS and mers viruses,we aim to find similarities and differences between these three which are from the same family and by expressing their diagnostic criteria,help care units to find patients faster and have enough time for treating them.

关键词： novel corona virus COVID-19 SARS mers diagnostic criteria

A precision medicine approach to managing 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2020年第1期3卷 14-21页

作者： Minjin Wang Yanbing Zhou Zhiyong Zong Zongan Liang Yu Cao Hong Tang Bin Song Zixing Huang Yan Kang Ping Feng Binwu Ying Weimin Li Department of Laboratory Medicine West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Center of Infectious Diseases West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Department of Emergency Medicine West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Department of Radiology West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Department of Critical Care Medicine West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China

In December 2019,several patients with pneumonia of an unknown cause were detected in Wuhan,China.On 7 January 2020,the causal organism was identified as a new coronavirus,later named as the 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV).Genome sequencing found the genetic sequence of 2019-nCoV homologous to that of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus.As of 29 January 2020,the virus had been diagnosed in more than 7000 patients in China and 77 patients in other countries.It is reported that both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with 2019-nCoV can play a role in disease transmission via airborne and contact.This finding has caused a great concern about the prevention of illness spread.The clinical features of the infection are not specific and are often indistinguishable from those of other respiratory infections,making it difficult to diagnose.Given that the virus has a strong ability to spread between individuals,it is of top priority to identify potential or suspected patients as soon as possible—or the virus may cause a serious pandemic.Therefore,a precision medicine approach to managing this disease is urgently needed for detecting and controlling the spread of the virus.In this article,we present such an approach to managing 2019-nCoV-related pneumonia based on the unique traits of the virus recently revealed and on our experience with coronaviruses at West China Hospital in Chengdu,China.

关键词： 2019-nCoV COVID-19∗ coronavirus pneumonia SARS mers epidemic pandemic precision medicine

啮齿类动物模型在三种人类高致病性冠状病毒传染病中的研究与应用进展

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中国人兽共患病学报 2023年第3期39卷 268-274页

作者：杨宛莹翟悦怡隗和儒谢英河北省实验动物重点实验室河北医科大学石家庄050017

严重急性呼吸综合征(Severe Acute respiratory syndrome,SARS)、中东呼吸综合征(Middle East respiratory syndrome,mers)和COVID-19都具有较高的致死率,且都缺乏安全有效的疫苗和抗病毒药物,对人类的生命安全构成威胁,会引发严重的公... 详细信息

严重急性呼吸综合征(Severe Acute respiratory syndrome,SARS)、中东呼吸综合征(Middle East respiratory syndrome,mers)和COVID-19都具有较高的致死率,且都缺乏安全有效的疫苗和抗病毒药物,对人类的生命安全构成威胁,会引发严重的公共卫生事件。SARS-CoV、mers-CoV以及SARS-CoV-2同属冠状病毒属,虽然SARS和mers无新发病例或新发病例少,但仍可为COVID-19研究提供参考。啮齿类动物是最常见的实验动物,也最常用于人类疾病模型构建。本文将就啮齿类动物模型在SARS、mers和COVID中的具体应用进行综述,以期助力科研工作者合理选择动物模型提供理论支持。

关键词：啮齿类动物模型 SARS mers COVID-19