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Medium-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides as feed additives for pig production:towards gut health improvement and feed pathogen mitigation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第3期11卷 611-625页

作者： Joshua A.Jackman RDean Boyd Charles C.Elrod School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea Hanor Company FranklinKY 42134USA North Carolina State University RaleighNC 27695USA Natural Biologics Inc. NewfieldNY 14867USA Department of Animal Science Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA.

Ongoing challenges in the swine industry,such as reduced access to antibiotics and virus outbreaks(e.g.,porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,African swine fever virus),have prompted calls for innovative feed additives to support pig ***-chain fatty acids(mcfas)and monoglycerides have emerged as a potential option due to key molecular features and versatile functions,including inhibitory activity against viral and bacterial *** this review,we summarize recent studies examining the potential of mcfas and monoglycerides as feed additives to improve pig gut health and to mitigate feed *** molecular properties and biological functions of mcfas and monoglycerides are first introduced along with an overview of intervention needs at different stages of pig *** latest progress in testing mcfas and monoglycerides as feed additives in pig diets is then presented,and their effects on a wide range of production issues,such as growth performance,pathogenic infections,and gut health,are *** utilization of mcfas and monoglycerides together with other feed additives such as organic acids and probiotics is also described,along with advances in molecular encapsulation and delivery ***,we discuss how mcfas and monoglycerides demonstrate potential for feed pathogen mitigation to curb disease *** forward,we envision that mcfas and monoglycerides may become an important class of feed additives in pig production for gut health improvement and feed pathogen mitigation.

关键词： Antibiotics Feed pathogen mitigation Growth promotion Gut health Immune enhancement mcfa Medium-chain fatty acids Monoglycerides

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Inhibition of African swine fever virus in liquid and feed by medium-chain fatty acids and glycerol monolaurate

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 569-578页

作者： Joshua A.Jackman Astghik Hakobyan Hovakim Zakaryan Charles C.Elrod School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms Institute of Molecular Biology of NASYerevanArmenia Natural Biologics Inc. NewfieldNY 14867USA. Department of Animal Science Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA

Background:The ongoing African swine fever virus(ASFv)epidemic has had a major impact on pig production globally and biosecurity efforts to curb ASFv infectivity and transmission are a high *** has been recently identified that feed and feed ingredients,along with drinking water,can serve as transmission vehicles and might facilitate transboundary spread of ***,it is important to test the antiviral activity of regulatory compatible,antiviral feed additives that might inhibit ASFv infectivity in *** promising group of feed additive candidates includes medium-chain fatty acids(mcfa)and monoglyceride derivatives,which are known to disrupt the lipid membrane surrounding certain enveloped viruses and ***:The antiviral activities of selected mcfa,namely caprylic,capric,and lauric acids,and a related monoglyceride,glycerol monolaurate(GML),to inhibit ASFv in liquid and feed conditions were investigated and suitable compounds and inclusion rates were identified that might be useful for mitigating ASFv in feed *** assays showed that all tested mcfa and GML inhibit *** was more potent than mcfa because it worked at a lower concentration and inhibited ASFv due to direct virucidal activity along with one or more other antiviral ***-dependent feed experiments further showed that sufficiently high GML doses can significantly reduce ASFv infectivity in feed in a linear manner in periods as short as 30 min,as determined by infectious viral titer ***-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)experiments revealed that GML treatment also hinders antibody recognition of the membrane-associated ASFv p72 structural protein,which likely relates to protein conformational changes arising from viral membrane ***:Together,the findings in this study indicate that mcfa and GML inhibit ASFv in liquid conditions and that GML is also able to reduce ASFv infectivity in feed,which may help to curb disease tr

关键词： African swine fever virus Antiviral Feed pathogen mitigation mcfa Medium-chain fatty acids Monoglycerides

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不同链长脂肪酸对斑马鱼的性腺脂肪酸组成、繁殖力与仔鱼成活率的影响

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水生生物学报 2017年第4期41卷 766-773页

作者：郭盼周继术吉红于海波赖州文陈怡西北农林科技大学动物科技学院杨陵712100 龙岩新奥生物科技有限公司厦门364000

将体质健壮的4月龄斑马鱼(Danio rerio)亲鱼[雄鱼(0.36±0.05)g/尾,雌鱼(0.59±0.06)g/尾]雌雄各180尾,随机平均分配在室内斑马鱼循环系统的18个养殖缸中。在斑马鱼基础饲料(对照组)中分别添加7 g/kg n-3HUFA(高不饱和脂肪酸,Highly uns... 详细信息

将体质健壮的4月龄斑马鱼(Danio rerio)亲鱼[雄鱼(0.36±0.05)g/尾,雌鱼(0.59±0.06)g/尾]雌雄各180尾,随机平均分配在室内斑马鱼循环系统的18个养殖缸中。在斑马鱼基础饲料(对照组)中分别添加7 g/kg n-3HUFA(高不饱和脂肪酸,Highly unsaturated fatty acid)(HUFA组)及10 g/kg mcfa(中链脂肪酸,Medium chain fatty acid)(mcfa组),制成3组等氮等脂饲料,饲养90d后,探究不同链长脂肪酸对斑马鱼的性腺脂肪酸组成、繁殖力和仔鱼成活率的影响。结果表明:(1)3组雌鱼性腺的脂肪酸组成均受到所饲喂饲料脂肪酸组成的影响,其相关系数均在0.8以上。HUFA组雌鱼性腺中EPA和DHA的相对含量显著高于mcfa组及对照组(Pmcfa组与对照组之间无显著差异;HUFA组油酸的相对含量显著低于mcfa组及对照组(Pmcfa组与对照组之间无显著差异;HUFA组及mcfa组亚麻酸的相对含量与对照组之间均无显著差异,但mcfa组显著高于HUFA组(Pmcfa组雌鱼的成熟系数、绝对繁殖力、体重与体长的相对繁殖力均显著高于对照组(Pmcfa组(Pmcfa组雌鱼配对繁殖后的雌鱼的绝对产卵量、相对产卵量和仔鱼成活率均显著高于与对照组雌鱼的配对,同时以上指标HUFA组雌鱼均显著高于mcfa组雌鱼(Pmcfa组及对照组雄鱼的配对(Pmcfa均可以促进斑马鱼雌鱼的繁殖性能和仔鱼成活率的提高,在试验条件下,HUFA的效果更好。

关键词：斑马鱼 mcfa n-3HUFA 繁殖性能

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Fecal Metabolomes in Response to Feed Supplemented with Fermented <i>Parkia biglobosa</i>and <i>Sphenostylis stenocarpa</i>in Obese Rats

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Advances in Microbiology 2021年第2期11卷 63-74页

作者： Olayinka Anthony Awoyinka Tolani Rachael Funmilola Comfort Oladele Margret Olutayo Alese Elijah Olalekan Odesanmi Daisi David Ajayi Gbenga Sunday Adeleye Bunmi Comfort Boyede Department of Medical Biochemistry College of Medicine Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Microbiology Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Anatomy College of Medicine Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Chemical Pathology Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Physiology Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti Nigeria

The ubiquitous consumption of junk foods has drastically contributed to the exponential rise in the incidence of obesity. Hence, the present study explores the therapeutic effect of selected indigenous wild bean Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Otili) and condiment fermented Parkia biglobosa (Iru) on obese rats. The rats were fed with a high fat diet for four weeks and the gut microbiota was monitored every other day throughout the period of the experiment. Then, the fecal metabolome was analysed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Although there was a decrease in the mean weight of rats treated with fermented iru compared with those given Otili, it was not statistically significantly (p ≤ 0.05). The organisms identified from the fecal samples of the fermented Iru groups are Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus cereus and Esherichia coli while those identified from the Otili group include Escherichia coli, and Citrobacter Freundii. However, further study revealed that Otili and Iru had a similar faecal metabolome. Medium chain fatty acids, such as Decanoic acid, Octanoic acid, ethyl tetradecanoate, Hexadecanoic acid, Methyl tetradecanoate, 9-Hexadecanoic acid, Hexadecnoic acid, cis-10-Hepadecanoic acid, are the most common compounds found in this study. This suggests the fact that the associated gut microbiota from breakdown of respective food samples must have actively mediated in their roles of ameliorating the effect of obesity.

关键词： Microbiota Metabolomes mcfa SCFA Obese

中链脂肪酸对断奶仔猪生产性能、肠道形态结构和微生物菌群的影响

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中链脂肪酸对断奶仔猪生产性能、肠道形态结构和微生物菌群的影响

作者：陈晨南京农业大学

学位级别：硕士

本研究分为两个部分,即mcfa体外抑菌试验和体内添加试验,为在仔猪日粮中应用不同水平的mcfa提供试验依据。第一部分,mcfa对于不同细菌的体外抑制试验。本试验选用四种mcfa,分别为己酸(6C:0)、辛酸(8C:0)、癸酸(10C:0)和月桂酸(12C:0)作... 详细信息

本研究分为两个部分,即mcfa体外抑菌试验和体内添加试验,为在仔猪日粮中应用不同水平的mcfa提供试验依据。第一部分,mcfa对于不同细菌的体外抑制试验。本试验选用四种mcfa,分别为己酸(6C:0)、辛酸(8C:0)、癸酸(10C:0)和月桂酸(12C:0)作为抗菌剂,选取三种细菌,分别为大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌以及金黄色葡萄球菌作为试验对象。采用MIC测定试验和正交试验,通过正交最优理论以及验证试验,最后得到一个脂肪酸最佳抑菌组合。试验结果表明:1、己酸的抑菌能力最强,且对三种供试菌株都有很强的抑制作用,而辛酸、癸酸和月桂酸的抑菌能力都比较弱,尤其是对沙门氏菌几乎没有抑制作用。相对于大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌,四种mcfa都对金黄色葡萄球菌表现出更强的抑制作用。2、己酸对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC都为10000μg/mL;辛酸对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC分别为2000μg/mL、2000 μg/mL和1000μg/mL;癸酸对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC分别为2000 μg/mL、4000μg/mL和1000 μg/mL;月桂酸对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC分别为 2000 μg/mL、4000 μg/mL和 1000 μg/mL。3、4种脂肪酸对大肠杆菌的影响大小为:己酸>癸酸>辛酸>月桂酸,4种脂肪酸的对大肠杆菌的最佳抑菌比例为己酸:辛酸:癸酸:月桂酸=4:2:1:1;对沙门氏菌的影响大小为:己酸>辛酸>月桂酸>癸酸,对沙门氏菌的最佳抑菌比例为己酸:辛酸:癸酸:月桂酸=1:2:4:1;对金黄色葡萄球菌的影响大小为:辛酸>己酸>月桂酸>癸酸,对金黄色葡萄球菌最佳抑菌比例为己酸:辛酸:癸酸:月桂酸=2:2:4:1。4、与己酸相比,3种脂肪酸最优组合对于大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果都更强,其中又以己酸:辛酸:癸酸:月桂酸=1:2:4:1这个组合的抑制率最大,故选为最佳抑菌组合。第二部分,饲粮中添加不同水平的mcfa对于断奶仔猪的影响。本试验以200头23日龄的健康断奶仔猪为研究对象,被随机分为5组,每组四个重复,每个重复10头。饲喂以下5种日粮:Ⅰ组(对照组)基础日粮;Ⅱ～Ⅳ组基础日粮添加0.2%、0.4%和0.8%的mcfa;V组基础日粮加2.5%的MCT产品,试验为期42d,主要测定其对断奶仔猪生产性能、肠粘膜形态的影响,分析胃肠道中pH的变化情况,肠道各段大肠杆菌、乳酸菌以及菌群结构的消长规律,考察mcfa在保护断奶仔猪肠上皮结构完整性方面的作用。试验结果表明:1、与Ⅰ组相比,在1～21d,Ⅱ～Ⅴ组ADFI和ADG有降低的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);在试验第21～42d,V组的ADFI较Ⅰ和Ⅱ组显著下降(P0.05);在1～42d,V组的ADFI较Ⅰ和Ⅱ组显著下降(P0.05)。2、相比Ⅰ组,Ⅱ-Ⅴ组TP含量显著提高(P0.05);Ⅳ组的TG含量低于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅴ组(P0.05);Ⅰ组的TCH含量显著高于其它组(P0.05),Ⅲ组和Ⅴ组的ALT含量显著高于其余各组(P0.05)。3、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组十二指肠绒毛高度显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P0.05);Ⅲ组空肠隐窝深度显著高于其它组(P0.05);Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组回肠绒毛高度显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05)。4、Ⅱ组十二指肠的IEL数量显著低于Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P0.05);Ⅲ组空肠的IEL数量显著高于Ⅳ组(P0.05);试验Ⅱ组回肠的IEL数量显著高于Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P0.05)。5、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组的胃pH值显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P0.05);相对于Ⅰ组,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组的回肠pH值都显著降低(P0.05)。综合上述试验,得出结论:经过体外抑菌试验和动物试验表明,mcfa具有明显的体外抑菌效果,对于断奶仔猪生长作用不明显,可以显著提高小肠绒毛

关键词： mcfa 抑菌作用断奶仔猪抗生素替代

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三种测量不变性检验方法的比较研究

三种测量不变性检验方法的比较研究

作者：陈铎江西师范大学

学位级别：硕士

目前在测量不变性研究中有三种主要的方法:mcfa法、IRT-LR法和DFIT法。本研究的目的是比较三种测量不变性检验方法的差异。以模拟研究和实际数据研究比较mcfa法、IRT-LR法和DFIT法的敏感性和不变性检验一致性,在模拟研究中计算三种方法... 详细信息

目前在测量不变性研究中有三种主要的方法:mcfa法、IRT-LR法和DFIT法。本研究的目的是比较三种测量不变性检验方法的差异。以模拟研究和实际数据研究比较mcfa法、IRT-LR法和DFIT法的敏感性和不变性检验一致性,在模拟研究中计算三种方法的统计检验力和I型错误。在第一项研究中,根据已知的项目参数和能力参数生成模拟数据,比较在不同的被试能力分布、被试的样本容量和DIF类型下,mcfa法、IRT-LR法和DFIT法的敏感性。在第二项研究中,使用人际反应指数量表收集数据,分析mcfa法、IRT-LR法和DFIT法不变性检验的一致性。主要结果如下:(1)模拟研究表明DFIT法表现最好,mcfa法其次,IRT-LR法最差。(2)模拟研究表明被试的能力分布并不影响三种方法对DIF项目的检测。(3)模拟研究表明随着样本容量的增加,三种方法的统计检验力都有提高。(4)模拟研究表明三种方法对于非一致性DIF的检测都不敏感,但在一致性DIF以及在一致性DIF和非一致性DIF共存的条件下三者表现较好。(5)实际数据研究表明mcfa法、IRT-LR法和DFIT法的不变性检验一致性偏低。

关键词：测量不变性项目反应理论结构方程模型 mcfa IRT-LR DFIT