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Elimination of lymphatic filariasis:Where do we stand so far?

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023年第9期16卷 385-399页

作者： Aashna Sinha Sudhashekhar Kumar Deen Dayal Vaishali Yadav Atreyi Pramanik Kundan Kumar Chaubey Sanjay Kumar Division of Research and Innovation School of Applied and Life SciencesUttaranchal UniversityArcadia GrantP.O.ChandanwariPremnagarDehradunUttarakhand-248007India Department of Physiology School of Medical Science and ResearchSharda UniversityGreater NoidaUP-201310India Department of Biotechnology GLA UniversityMathuraUP-281406India Department of Microbiology Central University of Haryana123031India School of Basic and Applied Sciences Sanskriti UniversityMathuraUttar Pradesh-281401India Biological and Bio-computational Lab Department of Life ScienceSharda School of Basic Sciences and ResearchSharda UniversityGreater NoidaUP-201310India

lymphatic filariasis(LF),an asymptomatic,acute,and chronic condition in human beings,is the second most common vector-borne disease after *** to the World Health Organization,there are 120 million LF cases detected in 81 tropical and subtropical countries,and one billion people are at ***,the Global Program to Eliminate lymphatic filariasis was launched in 2000,with the primary objective of stopping LF transmission among all at-risk groups using mass drug administration(MDA),managing morbidities,and preventing LF-related impairments using a minimum treatment ***,other programs such as epidemiological assessment including National Filaria Control Program and World Health Organization recommended routine and pre-MDA microfilaremia surveys also implemented to stop the LF *** routine filaria surveys were also carried out in around 2000-4000 individuals/month throughout the year whereas pre-MDA surveys were also conducted every year in approximately 4000 individuals in four fixed and four random ***,the Transmission Assessment Survey was also conducted to check the risk of LF among primary school ***,potential diagnostic methods,systematic surveillance regimes,the Direct Network Report system,and regular trainings and awareness may be also effective in preventing the recurrence of ***,this review emphasizes the potential advocacy tools and various strategies as well as procedures for monitoring,which could be impactful in eliminating LF.

关键词： lymphatic filariasis Treatment Challenges Prospect Elimination

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The burden of mental health in lymphatic filariasis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 275-282页

作者： Thanh G.N.Ton Charles Mackenzie David H.Molyneux Precision Health Economics 55512 th AvenueSuite 1650OaklandCA 94607USA filariasis Programmes Support Unit Department of ParasitologyLiverpool School of Tropical MedicinePembroke PlaceLiverpool L35QAUK LSTM NTDs Department of ParasitologyLiverpool School of Tropical MedicinePembroke PlaceLiverpool L35QAUK

Background:Neglected Tropical Diseases(NTDs)afflict around one billion individuals in the poorest parts of the world with many more at *** filariasis is one of the most prevalent of the infections and causes significant morbidity in those who suffer the clinical conditions,particularly lymphedema and *** illness has been recognised as a prevalent disability in those with the disease because of the stigmatising nature of the *** estimates of the burden of depressive illness of any neglected tropical disease have been undertaken to date despite the recognition that such diseases have major consequences for mental health not only for patients but also their ***:We developed a mathematical model to calculate the burden of Disability-Adjusted Life Years(DALY)attributable to depressive illness in lymphatic filariasis and that of their caregivers using standard methods for calculating *** of numbers with clinical disease was based on published estimates in 2012 and the numbers with depressive illness from the available ***:We calculated that the burden of depressive illness in filariasis patients was 5.09 million disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)and 229,537 DALYs attributable to their *** figures are around twice that of 2.78 million DALYs attributed to filariasis by the Global Burden of Disease study of ***:lymphatic filariasis and other neglected tropical diseases,notably Buruli Ulcer,cutaneous leishmaniasis,leprosy,yaws,onchocerciasis and trachoma cause significant co morbidity associated with mental illness in *** to assess the prevalence of the burden of this co-morbidity should be incorporated into any future assessment of the Global Burden of neglected tropical *** prevalence of depressive illness in caregivers who support those who suffer from these conditions is *** assessments are critical for neglected tropical diseases whi

关键词： lymphatic filariasis Mental health Global burden of disease DALYS filariasis morbidity Caregivers

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How Thailand eliminated lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第3期8卷 97-98页

作者： Sunsanee Rojanapanus Tanaporn Toothong Patcharida Boondej Suwich Thammapalo Naraporn Khuanyoung Weena Santabutr Preecha Prempree Deyer Gopinath Kapa D.Ramaiah Bureau of Vector Borne Diseases Department of Disease ControlMinistry of Public HealthNonthaburiThailand 不详

Background:lymphatic filariasis is endemic in nine of the eleven Member States of the World Health Organization South East Asia *** article describes the intensive interventions with the National Programme for Elimination of lymphatic filariasis in Thailand since its launch in 2001 till the validation of its elimination in ***:A baseline epidemiological survey was initiated in 2001 to identify both brugian and bancroftian filarial areas and delineate its *** drug administration(MDA)with diethylcarbamazine citrate(DEC)and albendazole(ALB)was implemented in a total of 357 implementation units(IUs)in 11 lymphatic filariasis(LF)endemic *** implementing unit(IU)was a ***-MDA surveys were conducted in 2006 in the 11 LF endemic provinces among population over 6 years of age and children of≤6 years using immunochromatographic test(ICT)for Wuchererio bancrofti antigen and microfilariae(mf)detection for Brugia *** Narathiwat province,Stop-MDA surveys were done in 2011 using *** assessment surveys(TAS)were conducted in 2012-2013,2015 and 2016-2017 among school students in the 6-7-year *** of migrant populations through the national migrant health checkup were intensified in seven provinces over 2002-2017 for LF antigenaemia using ICT test *** four B.m oloyi endemic provinces,annual surveys to detect LF reservoir in domestic cats commenced in 1994.A 2001 survey of the chronic disease burden for LF established a register of the cumulative number of people with lymphedema/***:A total of five rounds of MDA annually were implemented over 2002-2006 in all *** annual rounds of MDA were required in 87 Ills of Narathiwat province from 2007 to 2011 due to persistent *** annual national drug coverage with MDA over 2002-2012 was in the range of 68.0 to 95.4%.Stop-MDA surveys in 2006 in the 11 LF endemic provinces found nine mf positive cases in seven Ill

关键词： lymphatic filariasis Elimination Validation Thailand

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The history of the elimination of lymphatic filariasis in China

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2013年第1期2卷 249-257页

作者： Sun De-jian Deng Xu-li Duan Ji-hui Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionPO Box 200025ShanghaiChina Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases PO Box 272133 JiningChina Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention PO Box 410005ChangshaChina

China used to be one of the most heavily endemic countries for lymphatic filariasis(LF)in the *** were 864 endemic counties/cities in 16 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities(P/A/M)with a total population of 330 million at risk of *** the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,the Chinese Government has designated the control of the disease to be a top *** to decades of sustained efforts,close cooperation related to LF control among government departments,and active participation of endemic populations,an all-round campaign for prevention and control has been carried out vigorously and *** many years,great achievements have been made through persistent endeavors of Chinese scientists and disease control *** ultimate goal to eliminate LF in the country was achieved in 2006.

关键词： lymphatic filariasis Control strategies Elimination

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Mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis elimination in a coastal state of India: a study on barriers to coverage and compliance

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 294-301页

作者： Mohammad A Hussain Ashok K Sitha Subhashisa Swain Shridhar Kadam Sanghamitra Pati School of Population Health The University of QueenslandHerstonBrisbaneQLD 4006Australia Government of Odisha OdishaIndia Public Health Foundation of India Indian Institute of Public HealthBhubaneswarOdishaIndia

Background:lymphatic filariasis is targeted for elimination in India through mass drug administration(MDA)with diethylcarbamazine(DEC)combined with albendazole(ABZ).For the strategy to be effective,>65%of those living in endemic areas must be covered by and compliant to *** the MDA 2011 campaign in the endemic district of Odisha,we conducted a survey to assess:(i)the filariasis knowledge in the community,(ii)the coverage and compliance of MDA from the community perspective,and(iii)factors affecting compliance,as well as the operational issues involved in carrying out MDA activities from the drug distributor’s ***:A sample of 691 participants-both male and female,aged two years or above-were selected through multistage stratified sampling and interviewed using a semi-structured ***,drug distributors and the medical officers in charge of the MDA were also interviewed to understand some of the operational issues encountered during ***:Ninety-nine percent of the study participants received DEC and ABZ tablets during MDA,of which only just above a quarter actually consumed the *** cause of non-compliance was mostly due to fear of side effects,lack of awareness of the benefits of MDA,and non-attendance of health staff in the *** of adequate training of drug distributors and poor health communication activities before the MDA campaign commenced and the absence of follow-up by health workers following MDA were a few of the operational difficulties encountered during the MDA ***:Currently MDA is restricted to the distribution of drugs only and the key issues of implementation in compliance,health education,managing side effects,and logistics are not given enough *** is therefore essential to address the issues linked to low compliance to make the program more efficient and achieve the goal of filariasis elimination.

关键词： lymphatic filariasis Mass drug administration Compliance Consumption Elimination

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lymphatic filariasis elimination endgame in an urban Indian setting: the roles of surveillanee and residual microfilaremia after mass drug administration

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第3期10卷 103-103页

作者： Anjali Modi Keshav G.Vaishnav Kailash Kothiya Neal Alexander MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK 不详

Background:To secure the gains of lymphatic filariasis(LF)elimination programs,attention is needed to the Yesidual microfilaremia phase;in which high-risk populations may be *** present study documents the impact of m... 详细信息

关键词： lymphatic filariasis Urban Migration Mass drug administration Surveillance Epidemiological Elimination Residual microfilaremia

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Exploring the dynamic complexity of risk factors for vector-borne infections in sub-Saharan Africa:Case of urban lymphatic filariasis

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2021年第1期3卷 17-21页

作者： Alexandre Zerbo Rafael Castro Delgado Pedro Arcos González Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of Oviedo33006 OviedoSpain

Dynamic complexity is often a characteristic of public health issues;to visualize these problems as a system rather than isolated elements,system dynamics modeling may be an appropriate *** dynamic complexity of risk factors for lymphatic filariasis(LF)as an urban vector-borne disease has been addressed using system dynamics *** causal loop diagrams(CLDs)were designed to display the network of interactions of risk factors for urban transmission of LF and a potential set of public health interventions.A stock and flow diagram was also designed to capture the transmission dynamics as an accumulation and flow system,and a simulation model was built and *** system dynamics(SD)methodology is suitable for addressing the dynamic complexity of risk factors for LF in urban settings and is well-suited for public health interventions.

关键词： System dynamics lymphatic filariasis Urban areas Sub-Saharan Africa

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lymphatic filariasis, infection status in Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles species after six rounds of mass drug administration in Masasi District, Tanzania

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第2期10卷 100-100页

作者： Eliza Lupenza Dinah B.Gasarasi Omary M.Minzi Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology School of Public Health and Social SciencesMuhimbili University of Health and Allied SciencesBox 65011Dar es SalaamTanzania 不详

Background:lymphatic filariasis(LF)elimination program in Tanzania started in 2000 in response to the Global program for the elimination of LF by *** shows a persistent LF transmission despite more than a decade of mass drug administration(MDA).It is advocated that,regular monitoring should be conducted in endemic areas to evaluate the progress towards elimination and detect resurgence of the disease *** study was therefore designed to assess the status of Wuchererio bancrofti infection in Culex quinqefasciatus and Anopheles species after six rounds of MDA in Masasi District,South Eastern Tanzania.

关键词： lymphatic filariasis Wuchereria boncrofti Culex quinquefasciatus Anopheles gombioe Anopheles funestus Mass drug administration Infection rate

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Five years of post-validation surveillance of lymphatic filariasis in Thailand

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第6期12卷 61-78页

作者： Prapapan Meetham Rawadee Kumlert Deyer Gopinath Siriporn Yongchaitrakul Tanaporn Tootong Sunsanee Rojanapanus Chantana Padungtod Division of Vector Borne Diseases Department of Disease ControlMinistry of Public HealthNonthaburiThailand World Health Organization(WHO) Country OfceNonthaburiThailand Department of Disease Control Ministry of Public HealthNonthaburiThailand

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) validated Thailand in 2017 as having eliminated lymphatic filariasis (LF) as a public health problem with recommendations for continued surveillance. This article describes measures and progress made in Thailand with post-validation surveillance (PVS) of LF from 2018 until *** The implementation unit (IU) is a sub-village in 11 former LF endemic provinces. Human blood surveys are targeted in 10% of IUs each year. InWuchereria bancrofti areas, filaria antigen test strips (FTS) are used, and inBrugia malayi areas, antibody test kits (Filaria DIAG RAPID) are used. Positive cases are confirmed by thick blood film (TBF) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Vector surveys for mosquito species identification and dissection for microfilaria (Mf)/filarial larvae are done in 1% of IUs where human blood surveys are conducted. Human blood surveys using FTS are conducted among migrants in five provinces. Surveillance of cats is done in areas that previously recorded > 1.0% Mf rate among cats. Morbidity management and disability prevention (MMDP) are done every 2 years in LF-endemic areas where chronic disease patients *** From 2018 to 2022, in a total of 357 IUs in 11 provinces, human blood surveys were conducted in 145 IUs (41%) with an average population coverage of 81%. A total of 22,468 FTS and 27,741 FilariaDIAG RAPID were performed. 27 cases were detected: 3 cases ofW. bancrofti in Kanchanaburi province and 24 cases ofB. malayi in Narathiwat province. 4 cases ofW. bancrofti were detected in two provinces through routine public health surveillance. Vector surveys in 47 IUs detectedB. malayi Mf filarial larvae only in Narathiwat province. Chronic LF patients reduced from 114 in 2017 to 76 in 2022. Surveys among 7633 unregistered migrants yielded 12 cases ofW. bancrofti. Mf rate among cats in Narathiwat province declined from 1.9% in 2018 to 0.7% in 2022. MMDP assessments revealed gaps in healthcare provider’s

关键词： lymphatic filariasis Elimination Post validation Surveillance Neglected tropical diseases Thailand

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How elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in the Kingdom of Cambodia was achieved

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 163-171页

作者： Virak Khieu Vandine Or Chhakda Tep Peter Odermatt Reiko Tsuyuoka Meng Chuor Char Molly ABrady Joshua Sidwell Aya Yajima Rekol Huy Kapa DRamaiah Sinuon Muth National Centre for Parasitology Entomology and Malaria ControlMinistry of Health477 Betong Street(Corner St.92)Village TrapangsvaySanakat Phnom Penh ThmeyKhan SensokPhnom PenhCambodia Directorate General for Health Ministry of Health80Samdech Penn Nouth Blvd.(289)Sangkat Boeungkak 2Tuol Kork DistrictPhnom PenhCambodia Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteBaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland World Health Organization Phnom PenhCambodia Ministry of Health 80Samdech Penn Nouth Blvd.(289)Sangkat Boeungkak 2Tuol Kork DistrictPhnom PenhCambodia RTI International 70113th St NWSuite 750WashingtonDCUSA RTI International East Cornwallis RoadPO Box 12194Research Triangle ParkNCUSA World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office ManilaPhilippines Consultant on lymphatic filariasis Tagore NagarPondicherryIndia

Background:Endemicity of lymphatic filariasis(LF)in Cambodia was proven in 1956 when microfilariae were detected in mosquitos in the Kratié*** 2001,an extensive study confirmed the presence of both Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti *** 2003,the Ministry of Health established a national task force to develop policies and strategies for controlling and eliminating neglected tropical diseases(NTDs),with the goal of eliminating LF by *** article summarizes the work accomplished to eliminate LF as a public health problem in ***:The National Program to Eliminate lymphatic filariasis made excellent progress in the goal towards elimination due to strong collaboration between ministries,intensive supervision by national staff,and advocacy for mobilization of internal and external *** drug administration(MDA)with diethylcarbamazine citrate and albendazole was conducted in six implementation units,achieving>70%epidemiological coverage for five consecutive rounds,from 2005 to *** 2006,in 14 provinces,healthcare workers developed a line list of lymphedema and hydrocele patients,many of whom were>40 years old and had been affected by LF for many *** national program also trained healthcare workers and provincial and district staff in morbidity management and disability prevention,and designated health centers to provide care for lymphedema and acute *** reference hospitals were designated to administer hydrocele ***:Effectiveness of MDA was proven with transmission assessment *** found that less than 1%of school children had antigenemia in 2010,which fell to 0%in both 2013 and 2015.A separate survey in one province in 2015 using Brugia Rapid tests to test for LF antibody found one child positive among 1677 *** list of chronic LF patients was most recently updated and confirmed in 2011-2012,with 32 lymphoedema patients and 17 hydrocele patients *** lymphedema patients had

关键词： lymphatic filariasis Elimination Validation Neglected tropical diseases Cambodia

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