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Geological characteristics and high production control factors of shale gas reservoirs in silurian longmaxi formation, southern Sichuan Basin, SW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2020年第5期47卷 901-915页

作者： MA Xinhua XIE Jun YONG Rui ZHU Yiqing PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development Beijing 100083China PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company Chengdu 610051China

Marine shale gas resources have great potential in the south of the Sichuan Basin in *** present,the high-quality shale gas resources at depth of 2000–3500 m are under effective development,and strategic breakthroughs have been made in deeper shale gas resources at depth of 3500–4500 *** promote the effective production of shale gas in this area,this study examines key factors controlling high shale gas production and presents the next exploration direction in the southern Sichuan Basin based on summarizing the geological understandings from the lower silurian longmaxi formation shale gas exploration combined with the latest results of geological *** results show that:(1)The relative sea depth in marine shelf sedimentary environment controls the development and distribution of *** the relatively deep water area in deep-water shelf,grade-I reservoirs with a larger continuous thickness *** relative depth of sea in marine shelf sedimentary environment can be determined by redox *** research shows that the uranium to thorium mass ratio greater than 1.25 indicates relatively deep water in anoxic reduction environment,and the uranium to thorium mass ratio of 0.75–1.25 indicates semi-deep water in weak reduction and weak oxidation environment,and the uranium to thorium mass ratio less than 0.75 indicates relatively shallow water in strong oxidation environment.(2)The propped fractures in shale reservoirs subject to fracturing treatment are generally 10–12 m high,if grade-I reservoirs are more than 10 m in continuous thickness,then all the propped section would be high-quality reserves;in this case,the longer the continuous thickness of penetrated grade-I reservoirs,the higher the production will be.(3)The shale gas reservoirs at 3500–4500 m depth in southern Sichuan are characterized by high formation pressure,high pressure coefficient,well preserved pores,good pore structure and high proportion of free gas,making them the most

关键词： southern Sichuan Basin lower silurian longmaxi formation deeply buried shale gas high production control factors deep water and deep burial shale gas reservoir

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Microscopic pore-fracture configuration and gas-filled mechanism of shale reservoirs in the western Chongqing area,Sichuan Basin,China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2021年第5期48卷 1063-1076页

作者： FU Yonghong JIANG Yuqiang DONG Dazhong HU Qinhong LEI Zhi'an PENG Hao GU Yifan MA Shaoguang WANG Zimeng YIN Xingping WANG Zhanlei School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China Reservoir Evaluation Laboratory of Unconventional Key Laboratory of CNPC Chengdu 610500China Sichuan Collaborative Innovation Center for Shale Gas Resources and Environment Chengdu 610500China PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing 100083China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTX 76019USA Chongqing Shale Gas Exploration and Development Company Limited Chongqing 401120China Development Division of PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company Chengdu 610051China

Taking the Upper Ordovician Wufeng formation to lower silurian longmaxi formation shale reservoirs in western Chongqing area as the study target,the argon ion polishing scanning electron microscope and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)experiments of different saturated wetting media were carried *** on the image processing technology and the results of gas desorption,the pore-fracture configuration of the shale reservoirs and its influence on gas-filled mechanism were analyzed.(1)The reservoir space includes organic pores,inorganic pores and micro-fractures and there are obvious differences between wells in the development characteristics of micro-fractures;the organic pores adjacent to the micro-fractures are poorly developed,while the inorganic pores are well preserved.(2)According to the type,development degree and contact relationship of organic pore and micro-fracture,the pore-fracture configuration of the shale reservoir is divided into four types.(3)Based on the differences in NMR T_(2) spectra of shale samples saturated with oil and water,an evaluation parameter of pore-fracture configuration was constructed and *** smaller the parameter,the better the pore-fracture configuration is.(4)The shale reservoir with good pore-fracture configuration has well-developed organic pores,high porosity,high permeability and high gas content,while the shale reservoir with poor pore-fracture configuration has micro-fractures developed,which improves the natural gas conductivity and leads to low porosity and gas content of the reservoir.(5)Based on pore-fracture configuration,from the perspective of organic matter generating hydrocarbon,micro-fracture providing migration channel,three types of micro gas-filled models of shale gas were established.

关键词： shale reservoir microscopic pore-fracture configuration quality parameter gas bearing characteristics shale gas Upper Ordovician Wufeng formation lower silurian longmaxi formation Sichuan Basin

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Sequence stratigraphy and lithofacies paleogeographic evolution of Katian Stage-Aeronian Stage in southern Sichuan Basin,SW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2021年第5期48卷 1126-1138页

作者： ZHU Yiqing CHEN Gengsheng LIU Yong SHI Xuewen WU Wei LUO Chao YANG Xue YANG Yu ran ZOU Yuanhong PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company Chengdu 610051China

Based on the lithologies,sedimentary structures,graptolite zones,inorganic geochemical characteristics,electrical data of 110 shale gas wells in southern Sichuan Basin and the mineral quantitative analysis technology of scanning electron microscope,the stratigraphic sequences of the Upper Ordovician Katian Stage-Himantian Stage-silurian Rhuddanian Stage-Aeronian Stage are divided,the sedimentary characteristics and fourth-order sequence evolution are *** target layer can be divided into two sequences,namely SQ1 and *** to Ordovician-silurian sedimentary background,the gamma value of the target layer and U/Th,5 maximum flooding surfaces and 12 system tracts are *** to system tracts and their combinations,eight fourth-order sequences are identified,namely,Pss1-Pss8 from old to *** development period and scale of dominant shale facies from Katian stage to Aeronian stage in southern Sichuan are *** best-quality dolomite/calcite-bearing siliceous shale facies,siliceous shale facies,clay-bearing siliceous shale facies and feldspar-bearing siliceous shale facies mainly occur in Pss3-Pss5 of Weiyuan,Western Chongqing and Luzhou,Pss6 of Western Changning-Northern Luzhou-Central Western Chongqing and Pss3-Pss4 of *** siliceous clay shale facies second in quality mainly occurs in Pss6 of Southern Luzhou-Changning area(excluding Western Changning area),Pss7 of Eastern Weiyuan-Northern Western Chongqing-Southern Luzhou and Pss8 of Northern Luzhou-Weiyuan-Western *** fourth-order sequence evolution model of Katian stage-Aeronian stage in southern Sichuan is *** the depositional period of Pss1-Pss8,the sea level had six regressions and five transgressions,and the first transgression SQ2-MFS1 after glaciation was the largest flooding surface.

关键词： southern Sichuan Basin Katian Stage-Aeronian Stage Upper Ordovician Wufeng formation lower silurian longmaxi formation sequence stratigraphy lithofacies palaeogeography

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Effects of astronomical orbital cycle and volcanic activity on organic carbon accumulation during Late Ordovician–Early silurian in the Upper Yangtze area, South China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2021年第4期48卷 850-863页

作者： ZHANG Xi ZHANG Tingshan ZHAO Xiaoming ZHU Haihua MIHAI Emilian Popa CHEN Lei YONG Jinjie XIAO Qiang LI Hongjiao School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China Faculty of Geology and Geophysics University of BucharestBucharest 010041Romania

Based on field outcrop data,the effects of cyclic change of astronomical orbit and volcanic activity on organic carbon accumulation during the Late Ordovician-Early silurian in the Upper Yangtze area were studied using cyclostratigraphic and geochemical methods.d13 C and chemical index of alteration(CIA)were used to filter the astronomical orbit parameters recorded in *** is found that the climate change driven by orbital cycle controls the fluctuations of sea level at different scales,obliquity forcing climate changes drive thermohaline circulation(THC)of the ocean,and THC-induced bottom currents transport nutrient-laden water from high latitude regions to the surface water of low-latitude ***,THC is the main dynamic mechanism of organic-carbon *** marine productivity indexes of Ba/Al and Ni/Al indicate that volcanic activities had limited effect on marine productivity but had great influences on organic carbon preservation efficiency in late Hirnantian(E4).Paleo-ocean redox environmental indicators Th/U,V/Cr and V/(V+Ni)show that there is a significant correlation between volcanism and oxygen content in Paleo-ocean,so it is inferred that volcanisms controlled the organic carbon preservation efficiency by regulating oxygen content in Paleo-ocean,and the difference in volcanism intensity in different areas is an important factor for the differential preservation efficiency of organic *** organic carbon input driven by orbital cycle and the preservation efficiency affected by volcanisms worked together to control the enrichment of organic carbon in the Middle–Upper Yangtze region.

关键词： cyclostratigraphy organic carbon accumulation geochemical weathering index thermohaline circulation volcanic activity Upper Ordovician Wufeng formation lower silurian longmaxi formation

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Rock physics model for velocity–pressure relations and its application to shale pore pressure estimation

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2023年第2期50卷 404-418页

作者： GUO Jingyi LI Min ZHUANG Mingwei SUN Yuefeng Department of Geology&Geophysics Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station77843United States Southwest Geophysical Research Institute BGPCNPCChengdu 610213China Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

Acoustic wave velocity has been commonly utilized to predict subsurface geopressure using empirical *** wave velocity is, however, affected by many factors. To estimate pore pressure accurately, we here propose to use elastic rock physics models to understand and analyze quantitatively the various contributions from these different factors affecting wave velocity. We report a closed-form relationship between the frame flexibility factor(γ) in a rock physics model and differential pressure, which presents the major control of pressure on elastic properties such as bulk modulus and compressional wave velocity. For a gas-bearing shale with abundant micro-cracks and fractures, its bulk modulus is much lower at abnormally high pore pressure(high γ values) where thin cracks and flat pores are open than that at normal hydrostatic pressure(low γ values) where pores are more rounded on average. The developed relations between bulk modulus and differential pressure have been successfully applied to the Upper Ordovician Wufeng and lower silurian longmaxi formations in the Dingshan area of the Sichuan Basin to map the three-dimensional spatial distribution of pore pressure in the shale, integrating core, log and seismic data. The estimated results agree well with field measurements. Pressure coefficient is positively correlated to gas content. The relations and methods reported here could be useful for hydrocarbon exploration, production, and drilling safety in both unconventional and conventional fields.

关键词： pore pressure pressure coefficient acoustic velocity bulk modulus pore structure shale gas Upper Ordovician Wufeng formation lower silurian longmaxi formation Sichuan Basin

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