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Characteristics of water alternating CO_(2)injection in low-permeability beach-bar sand reservoirs

Energy Geoscience 2024年第1期5卷 224-229页

作者： Maolei Cui Rui Wang Zengmin Lun Chengyuan Lv State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing100083China Key Laboratory of Marine Oil and Gas Reservoir Production SINOPECBeijing100083China Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute SINOPECBeijing100083China

Water flooding can be ineffective in highly heterogeneous low-permeability beach-bar sand *** introduction of CO_(2)flooding helps boost the oil production of the reservoirs but only in an early *** the late stage of flooding,gas channeling would *** alternating gas(CO_(2))(WAG)process can be used to delay gas channeling and improve the effect of CO_(2)injection,though its adaptability to beach-bar sand reservoirs remains *** order to clarify CO_(2)injection characteristics in these reservoirs,experiments were carried out in high-temperature high-pressure NMR on-line displacement experiment apparatus to simulate different flooding modes on synthetic cores that can reflect the vertical heterogeneity of beach-bar *** CO_(2)injection modes were implemented on these cores and the displacement characteristics and residual oil distribution features during both WAG injection and continuous CO_(2)injection were analyzed quantitatively and *** results show that the scheme of WAG injection after continuous CO_(2)injection can obtain better oil displacement efficiency than that of the scheme of continuous CO_(2)injection after WAG injection,but there is no significant difference in respect of oil displacement efficiency of WAG flooding between the mode of bar-injection e beach-production(injection into bar sand e production from beach sand)and the mode of beach-injection e beach-production(injection into and production from beach sand),with the former mode having a higher oil recovery *** wider pore-size distribution range of microscopic residual oil after WAG injection shows great potential of enhancing oil recovery from subsequent continuous gas *** WAG injection is implemented prior to continuous CO_(2)injection,the displacement effect of the latter is more *** research may provide a theoretical basis for CO_(2)EOR in this type of reservoirs.

关键词： Beach-bar sand low permeability CO_(2)injection WAG NMR

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NUMERICAL SIMULATION STUDY ON SURFACTANT FLOODING FOR low permeability OILFIELD IN THE CONDITION OF THRESHOLD PRESSURE

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2008年第4期20卷 492-498页

作者： YIN Dai-yin PU Hui Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery of Ministry of Education Daqing Petroleum Institute Daqing 163318 China Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Wyoming Laramie WY USA 82070

Based on the non-Darcy flow characteristics of surfactant flooding in the low permeability oilfield, considering the changes of threshold pressure and influence of surfactant on convection, diffusion, adsorption and retention, a mathematical model is established for a three-dimensional, two-phase, three-component surfactant flooding. A new treatment for the changes of threshold pressure and a novel correction method for the relative permeability curve in the process of surfactant flooding are derived, which enhances the matching degree between the mathematical model and field practice. The mathematical model was used to perform the numerical simulation study for a pilot test of surfactant flooding in Chao 45 Block of Daqing Oilfield, a proper injection plan was optimized. After the optimized plan was carried out in oilfield, the desirable effects, like pressure-reducing, injection rate increase, and the increase of oil recovery, were achieved. The average oil increase for single well reaches 37%, the ratio of cost to revenue is above 1：4, so the economic effect of scale is promising.

关键词： low permeability surfactant non-Darcy flow threshold pressure gradient numerical simulation

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Experimental study of the mechanism of nanofluid in enhancing the oil recovery in low permeability reservoirs using microfluidics

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Petroleum Science 2023年第1期20卷 382-395页

作者： Kang Wang Qing You Qiu-Ming Long Biao Zhou Pan Wang School of Energy Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing100083China School of Petroleum Engineering China University of PetroleumQingdao266580ShandongChina Chengdu Natural Gas Chemical General Factory Chengdu610213SichuanChina

Due to the low porosity and low permeability in unconventional reservoirs,a large amount of crude oil is trapped in micro-to nano-sized pores and throats,which leads to low oil *** have great potential to enhance oil recovery(EOR)in low permeability *** this work,the regulating ability of a nanofluid at the oil/water/solid three-phase interface was *** results indicated that the nanofluid reduced the oil/water interfacial tension by two orders of magnitude,and the expansion modulus of oil/water interface was increased by 77% at *** addition,the solid surface roughness was reduced by 50%,and the three-phase contact angle dropped from 135(oil-wet)to 48(water-wet).Combining the displacement experiments using a 2.5D reservoir micromodel and a microchannel model,the remaining oil mobilization and migration processes in micro-to nano-scale pores and throats were *** was found that the nanofluid dispersed the remaining oil into small oil droplets and displaced them via multiple mechanisms in porous ***,the high strength interface film formed by the nanofluid inhibited the coalescence of oil droplets and improved the flowing *** results help to understand the EOR mechanisms of nanofluids in low permeability reservoirs from a visual perspective.

关键词： Nanofluid EOR mechanism Micromodel low permeability Three-phase interface

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A case study of gas drainage to low permeability coal seam

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第4期27卷 687-692页

作者： Zhang Li Zhang Hui Guo Hao China Coal Strategies Research Center & China Center for Occupational Safety and Health Beijing 100713 China Institute of Public Safety Research/Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China College of Resource and Safety Engineering China University of Mining & Technology Beijing 100083 China

Gas drainage at low gas permeability coal seam is a main barrier affecting safety and efficient production in coal mines. Therefore, the research and application of drainage technology at low permeability coal seam is a key factor for gas control of coal mine. In order to improve the drainage effect, this paper establishes a three-dimensional solid-gas-liquid coupling numerical model, and the gas drainage amounts of different schemes are examined inside the overburden material around the goaf. The Yangquan mine area is selected for the case study, and the gas movement regularity and emission characteristics are analyzed in detail, as well as the stress and fissure variation regularity. Also examinations are the released gas movement, enrichment range and movement regularity during coal extraction. Moreover, the gas drainage technology and drainage parameters for the current coal seam are studied. After measuring the gas drainage flow in-situ, it is concluded that the technology can achieve notable drainage results, with gas drainage rate increase by 30%–40% in a low permeability coal seam.

关键词： Gas drainage low permeability Ground drilling holes Coupling model Abutment stress

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Pilot Test for Nitrogen Foam Flooding in low permeability Reservoir

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Energy Engineering 2023年第3期120卷 763-774页

作者： Xinyu Zhou Jia Huang Yuchen Qian Wenli Luo Lisha Qi Jie Wang Zhibin Jiang Hao Kang State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery CNPCBeijing100083China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development CNPCBeijing100083China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Xinjiang Oilfield CompanyKaramay834000China Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang050024China

Due to the characteristics of reservoir formation,the producing level of low permeability reservoir is relatively very *** is hard to obtain high recovery through conventional development *** the tight matrix,complex fracture system,low production level of producers,and low recovery factor ofMblock in Xinjiang oilfield,it is selected for on-site pilot test of nitrogen foam *** flooding scheme is made and the test results are evaluated respectively both for producers and *** pressure index,filling degree,and fluid injection profile are found to be all improved in injectors after injection of nitrogen *** oil production,water cut and liquid production file are also improved in most of the producers,with the natural decline rate in the test area become *** show that nitrogen foam flooding technology can be good technical storage for enhanced oil recovery in low permeability reservoir.

关键词： Fluid production profile nitrogen foam low permeability pilot test

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Effects of time lag and stress loading rate on permeability in low permeability reservoirs

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Mining Science and Technology 2009年第4期19卷 526-530页

作者： WANG Rui YUE Xiang-an ZHANG Wei TAN Xi-qun ZHANG Yan MOE Key Laboratory for Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Sinopec Exploration ＆ Production Research Institute Beijing 100083 China China Huayou Group Corporation Beijing 100011 China

In order to study the effect of time lag and stress loading rates on rock deformation,the conventional stepped stress loading mode was changed into a continuous mode to investigate the effect of effective pressure on permeability and *** time lag effect of rock deformation illustrating the relationship between changes in permeability and steady time was *** reduction ratios were measured under different stress loading rates which were achieved by different pump rate *** results show that permeability and porosity gradually decrease with increases in effective *** at high effective pressure attains stability *** times at low effective pressure are very *** in permeability at lower stress loading rates is small,while,in contrast,it is large at high stress loading rates.

关键词： low permeability stress sensitivity time lag effect stress loading rate

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The effect of physical property change on the water flooding development in Changqing oilfield Jurassic low permeability reservoir

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Petroleum 2015年第4期1卷 300-306页

作者： Yangnan Shangguan Yongqiang Zhang Weiliang Xiong Research Institute of Exploration and Development Changqing Oilfield CompanyChina

Changqing old oilfield Jurassic reservoir's average calibration recovery is 24.7%,with geological reserves recovery of 16.6%,water cut of 65.2%.And most of Jurassic reservoirs are in the middle and later field life,part of them has entered the high water cut and high recovery *** water flooding way for improving oil recovery becomes more difficult,and new method has to be *** oilfield BS district is a typical representative,with high water cut of 90.8%,high recovery percent of 26.1%and low oil recovery rate of 0.25%.To explore the new way to improve oil recovery,the polymer and surfactant(SP for short)important pilot test has been *** low permeability reservoir indoor core data in high water cut stage and inspection well results indicate that the reservoir permeability,pore combination characteristics and pore type changed greatly after long-term water flooding *** changes bring more difficulties to the continue development,especially the high injection pressure,which can cause other problems for well pattern infilling and *** paper takes the high injection pressure problem of Maling BS district Jurassic reservoir for example,analyzes the physical property change law on the following aspects:the development mode in the past,core analysis,formation sensitivity,interstitial matter,well test interpretation results,in order to help to further effective development and provide important parameters for tertiary oil recovery technique for similar reservoirs and others.

关键词： Jurassic reservoir Physical property change Water flooding Core analysis EOR low permeability

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Threshold pressure gradient of fluid flow through multi-porous media in low and extra-low permeability reservoirs

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Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第8期57卷 2808-2818页

作者： DOU HongEn MA ShiYing ZOU CunYou YAO ShangLin Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina

After analyzing many studies of fluid flow theory of multi-porous media in low and extra-low permeability reservoirs and the numerical simulation of non-Darcy flow, we found that a negative flow rate occurs in the existing non-Darcy flow equation, which is unreasonable. We believe that the existing equation can only be considered as a discriminant to judging Darcy flow or non-Darcy flow, and cannot be taken as a fluid flow governing equation of multi-porous media. Our analysis of the experimental results shows that the threshold pressure gradient(TPG) of low and extra-low permeability reservoirs is excessively high, and does not conform to fluid flow through multi-porous media in the actual reservoir situation. Therefore, we present a reasonable TPG ranging from 0.006 to 0.04 MPa/m at the well depth of 1500 m and oil drainage distance of 500 m. The results of our study also indicate that the non-Darcy flow phenomenon will disappear when the TPG reaches a certain value. In addition, the TPG or non-Darcy flow in low and extra-low permeability reservoirs does not need to be considered in the productivity prediction and reservoir numerical simulation. At present, the black oil model or dual-porous media is suitable for simulating low and extra-low permeability reservoirs.

关键词： low permeability extra-low permeability non-Darcy flow threshold pressure gradient matrix fracture dual-porositymedia

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Finite element simulation on percolation of low permeability reservoir with permeability anisotropy

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Global Geology 2012年第4期15卷 265-269页

作者： ZHI Qingong ZHAO Yizhong CHENG Yuanfang SUN Dexu DU Peng College of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum Oil Production Research Institute Shengli Oilfield

In low permeability porous media which permeability anisotropy is ubiquitous,the percolation of fluid no longer follows linear Darcy’s ***-water two phase flow equation of low permeability reservoir with permeability anisotropy is established based on generalized Darcy’s law and starting pressure gradient,corresponding finite element program is developed and simulated based on the Finite Element Program Generator system (FEPG).The results show that energy-gathering exists in the flow event of flowing area front in low permeability *** the process of energy-gathering,the flow velocity changed little but increased rapidly as soon as the pressure gradient exceeded the starting pressure gradient of the reservoir,then gradually *** greater the starting pressure gradient is,the greater the near wellbore pressure drop is,the smaller the area influenced by the reservoir pressure changes caused by water injection and oil *** greater the starting pressure gradient is,the lower the water saturation in same point of the reservoir is,the smaller the water flood swept area *** will be more difficulties in water injection to the same extent.

关键词： anisotropy low permeability percolation finite element simulation

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Extensive application of rate transient method in performance analysis for low permeability gas reservoirs

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2009年第3期2卷 29-33页

作者： WANG Shao-jun HE Shun-li TIAN Shu-bao ZHANG Jun-jing Faculty of Oil and Gas Engineering China University of Petroleum Beijing 102200 China

Rate transient method is a recently-developed performance analysis tool specially designed for low-permeability or tight gas reservoirs. This method, theoretically based on pressure transient analysis, integrates material balance principle and the concept of material balance pseudo-time proposed by Blansingame. With daily production data of gas well, it could be used to calculate OGIP, current formation pressure, permeability, skin factor, to identify complex geologic boundaries, to determine whether drainage boundary has been reached, to calculate drainage area and drainage radius for single well and to predict performance. It has been extensively employed in more than ten low-permeability gas fields. It proves that most problems in performance analysis for low permeability gas reservoirs could be solved by this method. Field practices show great economical benefits could be achieved by employing this method in gas field development.

关键词： low permeability gas reservoir performance analysis rate transient method

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