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A buried Neolithic paddy soil reveals loss of microbial functional diversity after modern rice cultivation

Science Bulletin 2016年第13期61卷 1052-1060页

作者： Yong-Guan Zhu Jian-Qiang Su Zhihong Cao Kai Xue John Quensen Guang-Xia Guo Yun-Feng Yang Jizhong Zhou Hai-Yan Chu James M.Tiedje Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute for Environmental Genomics University of Oklahoma Center for Microbial Ecology Department of Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University

It has been documented that human activities are causing the rapid loss of taxonomic, phylogenetic, genetic and functional diversity in soils. However, it remains unclear how modern intensive rice cultivation impacts the soil microbiome and its functionality. Here we examined the microbial composition and function differences between a buried Neolithic paddy soil and an adjacent, currently-cultivated paddy soil using high throughput metagenomics technologies. Our results showed that the currently cultivated soil contained about 10-fold more microbial biomass than the buried one. Analyses based on both 16S rRNA genes and functional gene array showed that the currently cultivated soil had significantly higher phylogenetic diversity, but less functional diversity than the buried Neolithic one. The community structures were significantly different between modern and ancient soils, with functional structure shifting towards accelerated organic carbon （C） degradation and nitrogen （N） transfor- mation in the modem soils. This study implies that, modern intensive rice cultivation has substantially altered soil microbial functional structure, leading to functional homogenization and the promotion of soil ecological functions related to the acceleration of nutrient cycling which is necessary for high crop yields.

关键词： Neolithic paddy soil long-term ricecultivation 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing -Bacterial community - Functional gene diversityGeoChip

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