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面向黄土高原耕地高效利用的两季种植模式可行性分析

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2023年第6期33卷 1271-1286页

作者：冯巍仑刘彦随李裕瑞陈宗峰 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CASBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling CASBeijing 100101China

Cropping systems worldwide have been affected by the current trend in global warming and the optimization of cropping systems is an important area of research in the transition of agricultural land. The loess plateau is a typical ecologically fragile region with the most serious soil erosion in China. We carried out a field experiment in Yan’an city on the loess plateau to explore the effect of sowing date on crop growth and yield. We then analyzed the feasibility of a double-cropping system by considering climatic adaptability, ecological suitability and economic viability. Our results showed that different sowing dates resulted in significant differences in crop growth and that appropriate early sowing can result in higher crop yields for early maturing varieties. We showed that double-cropping systems of sweet maize(Zea mays)–forage rape and feed maize–forage rape are feasible on the loess plateau. We discuss the implications for the efficient use of farmland, which is important in guiding agricultural supply-side reform and the development of modern agricultural management.

关键词： double-cropping systems sowing date maize agricultural land use feasibility analysis loess plateau

功能区视角下黄土高原碳公平性的时空分异与影响因素

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2023年第6期33卷 1245-1270页

作者：宋永永夏四友薛东前马蓓蓓刘宪锋 School of Geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Nat-ural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

In this paper, we firstly constructed a theoretical framework based on major function-oriented zones(MFOZs). Then taking the loess plateau(LP) as the study area, we revealed the spatio-temporal differences and influencing factors of carbon emission equity by using the carbon equity model, Theil index, and Geo-detector. The results showed that:(1) From 2000 to 2017, the carbon equity of the loess plateau showed a downward trend, but the ecological carbon equity remained above 2.3, which was significantly higher than the economic carbon equity.(2) The ecological carbon equity in the loess plateau increased from the core of urban agglomeration to the periphery. The spatial pattern of economic carbon equity changed from low in the northeast and high in the southwest to low in the north and high in the south. The ecological support coefficient and economic contribution coefficient of provincial capital cities and their surrounding districts remained low since 2000.(3) The equity of carbon emissions in each function-oriented zone in the loess plateau was compatible with its orientation. The ecological carbon equity of the key ecological functional zones(KEFZs) was significantly higher than that of the key development zones(KDZs) and the major agricultural production zones(MAPZs), while the economic carbon equity of the KDZs was significantly higher than that of the MAPZs and the KEFZs.(4) The formation and evolution of the spatial differentiation pattern of carbon equity in the loess plateau was the result of the long-term interaction effects of geographic location, social economy, science and technology level, and policy system. Among them, eco-environmental protection policy, government financial support, and geographical location are the key driving factors for the spatial pattern of ecological carbon equity. Geographical location, social economic level, and science and technology level are the key factors driving the spatial pattern of economic carbon equity. According to this study, to achieving carbon equity on t

关键词： major function-oriented zones(MFOZs) equity of carbon emissions spatio-temporal differences influencing factors Geo-detector loess plateau

Improvement of LCM model and determination of model parameters at watershed scale for flood events in Hongde Basin of China

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Water Science and Engineering 2017年第1期10卷 36-42页

作者： Jun Li Chang-ming Liu Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

Considering the fact that the original two-parameter LCM model can only be used to investigate rainfall losses during the runoff period because the initial abstraction is not included, the LCM model was redefined as a three-parameter model, including the initial abstraction coefficient l, the initial abstraction Ia, and the rainfall loss coefficient R. The improved LCM model is superior to the original two-parameter model, which only includes r and R, where r is the initial rainfall loss index and can be calculated with l using the Soil Conservation Service curve number （SCS-CN） method, with r = 1/（1 ＋ λ）. The trial method was used to determine the parameter values of the improved LCM model at the watershed scale for 15 flood events in the Hongde Basin in China. The results show that larger r values are associated with smaller R values, and the parameter R ranges widely from 0.5 to 2.0. In order to improve the practicability of the LCM model, r = 0.833 with λ = 0.2 is reasonable for simplifying calculation. When the LCM model is applied to arid and semi-arid regions, rainfall without yielding runoff should be deducted from the total rainfall for more accurate estimation of rainfall-runoff.

关键词： LCM model SCS-CN method Rainfall-runoff Initial abstraction Partial-area runoff Determination of parameter loess plateau

Quantitative assessment of the influence of terrace and check dam construction on watershed topography

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2020年第2期14卷 360-375页

作者： Guowei PANG Qinke YANG Chunmei WANG Rui LI Lu ZHANG Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity College of Urban and Environmental ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi’an 701027China Key Laboratory of Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions State Forestry and Grassland AdministrationXi’an 710127China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation CAS&MWRYangling 712100China Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering MNRXi’an 710075China

Terrace and check dam construction has substantially changed land surface morphology,which in turn affects modern surface processes.Digital elevation models(DEMs)provide an effective way to quantitatively analyze surface morphology and processes.However,existing DEMs lack sufficient ability to express artificial terrain.Based on 1:10000 topographic maps of the Zhifanggou watershed,a series of artificial terrain DEMs for the study site were constructed by both field investigation and remote sensing images from 1938 to 2010.Digital terrain analysis was used to quantitatively assess the influence of terrace and check dam construction on the watershed terrain.The results showed that the artificial terrain DEM could capture the spatial distribution patterns of terraces and dam lands and improved the ability of DEM to express terrain.The construction of terraces and check dams clearly changed the surface elevation.The average elevation change of each terrace mainly ranged between–1.5 and 1.5 m,while the annual average deposition height of the dam lands was 9.16 cm.The average slope,slope length,and slope length and steepness factor of the watershed decreased with the effect of the artificial terrain on the surface,and their averages decreased by 0.65°,6.75 m,and 0.83,respectively,from 1938 to 2010.Although the construction of terraces reduced their surface slope to nearly 0°,the slope of terrace embankments rapidly increased,to more than 45°,which may lead to gravitational erosion and potential terrace damage.Terracing reduced the slope length in both the terrace distribution area and downslope of the terraces.Check dam deposition reduced the slope and slope length of the channel.This study contributes to a better understanding of the topographic change rules after terrace and check dam construction,and aids in elucidating the mechanisms of soil erosion process influenced by artificial topography.

关键词： check dam digital elevation model loess plateau terrace topography

Seasonal variations in the influence of vegetation cover on soil water on the loess hillslope

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第9期17卷 2148-2160页

作者： SHEN Ming-shuang ZHANG Jian-jun ZHANG Shou-hong ZHANG Hai-bo SUN Ruo-xiu ZHANG Yi-zhou School of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research in Ji County Ji County 042200Shanxi ProvinceChina

Soil water is the key factor that restricts the restoration of the local ecological systems in the loess plateau of China.Studying the effects of vegetation types on soil water and its seasonal variation helps to understand hydrological characteristics and provides insights into the sustainable restoration of vegetation.Therefore,the Caijiachuan watershed was chosen as the research object to investigate the water status of a 0-10 m soil layer under different vegetation types including Pinus tabulaeformis,Robinia pseudoacacia,Platycladus orientalis,apple orchard,natural forestland,farmland and grassland.By comparing the difference between soil water of different land use types and that of grassland during the same period,the seasonal changes of soil water status of different types were judged.The results show that(1)in the 0-10 m soil layer,the largest value of soil water content was in the0.3-0.4 m layer,and the lowest was in the 5.6-5.8 m layer.The depths at which the vegetation cover influenced the soil water were up to 10 m;(2)among summer,fall and spring,the soil water storage wasthe highest in the fall.In addition,the lowest value of relative accumulation was in the fall,which was the period in which the soil water recovered;(3)the soil water in the 0-10 m layer was in a relatively deficient state in the artificial forestlands,apple orchards and native forestlands,while the relative accumulation was in the farmland.In addition,the relative deep soil layers(8-10 m)had more serious deficits in the areas in which P.tabulaeformis,R.pseudoacacia and the apple orchard grew;(4)during the study period,the farmland in the summer had the largest relative accumulation(182.71 mm),and the land under R.pseudoacacia in the fall had the lowest relative deficit(512.20 mm).In the loess plateau,vegetation cover will affect the change of deep soil moisture and artificial forest will cause soil water loss in different degrees.

关键词： Seasonal variation Soil water Vegetation cover Hillslope loess plateau

Responses of Amygdalus pedunculata Pall.in the sandy and loamy soils to water stress

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第5期12卷 791-805页

作者： PEI Yanwu HUANG Laiming SHAO Ming'an ZHANG Yinglong Key Laboratory of Ecosystems Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Natural Resources and Environment State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess PlateauNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Shenmu Ecological Association Shenmu 719399China

Amygdalus pedunculata Pall.is a major species that is widely planted in afforested soils with different textures in the transitional zone between Mu Us Desert and loess plateau,China.However,the responses of A.pedunculata to increasing intensity of water stress in different textural soils are not clear.Here,we conducted a soil column experiment to evaluate the effects of different textures(sandy and loamy)on water consumption,water use efficiency(WUE),biomass accumulation and ecological adaptability of A.pedunculata under increasing water stress,i.e.,90%(±5%)FC(field capacity),75%(±5%)FC,60%(±5%)FC,45%(±5%)FC and 30%(±5%)FC in 2018.A.pedunculata grown in the sandy soil with the lowest(30%FC)and highest(90%FC)water contents had respectively 21.3%-37.0%and 4.4%-20.4%less transpiration than those with other water treatments(45%-75%FC).In contrast,A.pedunculata transpiration in the loamy soil decreased with decreasing water content.The magnitude of decrease in transpiration increased with increasing level of water deficit(45%and 30%FC).Mean daily and cumulative transpirations of the plant were significantly lower in the sandy soil than in the loamy soil under good water condition(90%FC),but the reverse was noted under water deficit treatments(45%and 30%FC).Plant height,stem diameter and total biomass initially increased with decreasing water content from 90%to 75%FC and then declined under severe water deficit conditions(45%and 30%FC)in the sandy soil.However,these plant parameters decreased with decreasing water content in the loamy soil.WUE in the sandy soil was 7.8%-12.3%higher than that in the loamy soil,which initially increased with decreasing water content from 90%to 75%FC and then declined under water deficit conditions(45%and 30%FC).The study showed that plant transpiration,biomass production and WUE responded differentially to increasing intensity of water stress in the sandy and loamy soils.The contrasting responses of A.pedunculata to water stress in different textural soils can guide future revegetation

关键词： soil texture water consumption biomass production water use efficiency loess plateau

Response of plant physiological parameters to soil water availability during prolonged drought is affected by soil texture

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第7期13卷 688-698页

作者： HUANG Laiming ZHAO Wen SHAO Ming'an Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Soil water deficit is increasingly threatening the sustainable vegetation restoration and ecological construction on the loess plateau of China due to the climate warming and human activities.To determine the response thresholds of Amygdalus pedunculata(AP)and Salix psammophila(SP)to soil water availability under different textural soils,we measured the changes in net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),leaf water potential(ψw),water use efficiency(WUE)and daily transpiration rate(Td)of the two plant species during soil water content(SWC)decreased from 100%field capacity(FC)to 20%FC in the sandy and loamy soils on the loess plateau in the growing season from June to August in 2018.Results showed that Pn,Gs,WUE and Td of AP and SP remained relatively constant at the beginning of soil water deficit but decreased rapidly as plant available soil water content(PASWC)fell below the threshold values in both the sandy and loamy soils.The PASWC thresholds corresponding to Pn,Gs and Ci of AP in the loamy soil(0.61,0.62 and 0.70,respectively)were lower than those in the sandy soil(0.70,0.63 and 0.75,respectively),whereas the PASWC thresholds corresponding to Pn,Gs and Ci of SP in the loamy soil(0.63,0.68 and 0.78,respectively)were higher than those in the sandy soil(0.58,0.62 and 0.66,respectively).In addition,the PASWC thresholds in relation to Td and WUE of AP(0.60 and 0.58,respectively)and SP(0.62 and 0.60,respectively)in the loamy soil were higher than the corresponding PASWC thresholds of AP(0.58 and 0.52,respectively)and SP(0.55 and 0.56,respectively)in the sandy soil.Furthermore,the PASWC thresholds for the instantaneous gas exchange parameters(e.g.,Pn and Gs)at the transient scale were higher than the thresholds for the parameters(e.g.,Td)at the daily scale.Our study demonstrates that different plant species and/or different physiological parameters exhibit different thresholds of PASWC and that the thresholds are affected by soil texture.The result can provide guidan

关键词： plant available soil water content drought stress soil water deficit sustainable vegetation restoration sandy soil loamy soil loess plateau

Effect of soil management on soil erosion on sloping farmland during crop growth stages under a large-scale rainfall simulation experiment

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第6期10卷 921-931页

作者： WANG Linhua WANG Yafeng Keesstra SASKIA Cerdà ARTEMI MA Bo WU Faqi State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F University Civil Surveying and Environmental Engineering The University of Newcastle Soil Physics and Land Management Group Wageningen University Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group Department of Geography University of Valencia College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University

Soil erosion on farmland is a critical environmental issue and the main source of sediment in the Yellow River, China. Thus, great efforts have been made to reduce runoff and soil loss by restoring vegetation on abandoned farmland. However, few studies have investigated runoff and soil loss from sloping farmland during crop growth season. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of soil management on runoff and soil loss on sloping farmland during crop growth season. We tested different soybean growth stages (i.e., seedling stage (R1), initial blossoming stage (R2), full flowering stage (R3), pod bearing stage (R4), and initial filling stage (R5)) and soil management practice (one plot applied hoeing tillage (HT) before each rainfall event, whereas the other received no treatment (NH)) by applying simulated rainfall at an intensity of 80 mm/h. Results showed that runoff and soil loss both decreased and infiltration amount increased in successive soybean growth stages under both treatments. Compared with NH plot, there was less runoff and higher infiltration amount from HT plot. However, soil loss from HT plot was larger than that from NH plot in R1–R3, but lower in R4 and R5. In the early growth stages, hoeing tillage was effective for reducing runoff and enhancing rainfall infiltration. By contrast, hoeing tillage enhanced soil and water conservation during the late growth stages. The total soil loss from HT plot (509.0 g/m2) was 11.1% higher than that from NH plot (457.9 g/m2) in R1–R5. However, the infiltration amount from HT plot (313.9 mm) was 18.4% higher than that from NH plot (265.0 mm) and the total runoff volume from HT plot was 49.7% less than that from NH plot. These results indicated that crop vegetation can also act as a type of vegetation cover and play an important role on sloping farmland. Thus, adopting rational soil management in crop planting on sloping farmland can effectively reduce runoff and soil loss, as well as maximize rainwater infiltration during crop growth period.

关键词： hoeing tillage soil erosion simulated rainfall crop growth stages loess plateau

Long Term Effects of Farming System on Soil Water Content and Dry Soil Layer in Deep loess Profile of loess Tableland in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第6期13卷 1382-1392页

作者： CHENG Li-ping LIU Wen-zhao State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the loess plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources College of Resource and Environment Science Pingdingshan University University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Soil water is strongly affected by land use/cover in the loess plateau in China. Water stored in thick loessal soils is one of the most important resources regulating vegetation growth. However, soil water in the deep loess proifle, which is critical for maintaining the function of the“soil water pool”is rarely studied because deep proifle soil samples are dififcult to collect. In this study, four experimental plots were established in 2005 to represent different farming systems on the Changwu Tableland：fallow land, fertilized cropland, unfertilized cropland, and continuous alfalfa. The soil water content in the 15-m-deep loess proifles was monitored continuously from 2007 to 2012 with the neutron probe technique. The results showed that temporal variations in soil water proifles differed among the four farming systems. Under fallow land, the soil water content increased gradually over time, ifrst in the surface layers and later in the deep soil layers. In contrast, the soil water content decreased gradually under continuous alfalfa. The distributions of soil water in deep soil layers under both fertilized and unfertilized cropland were relatively stable over time. Thus farming system signiifcantly affected soil water content. Seven years after the start of the experiment, the soil water contents in the 15-m-deep proifles averaged 23.4%under fallow land, 20.3%under fertilized cropland, 21.6%under unfertilized cropland, and 16.0%under continuous alfalfa. Compared to measurements at the start of the experiment, both fallow land and unfertilized cropland increased soil water storage in the 15-m loess proifles. In contrast, continuous alfalfa reduced soil water storage. Fertilized cropland has no signiifcant effect on soil water storage. These results suggest that deep soil water can be replenished under the fallow and unfertilized farming systems. Dry soil layers （i.e., those which have soil water content less than the stable ifeld water capacity） in the subsoil of the Changwu Tableland region can be classiifed as e

关键词： farming system temporal variability soil water dried soil layer loess plateau