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Production Performance of Root Systems of Four Forage Legume Species and Their Development Characteristics in loess plateau,China

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Animal Husbandry and Feed Science 2014年第4期6卷 165-169页

作者： Zhang Jianquan Zhang Jiyu Wang Yanrong Xie Wengang Li Juncheng State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems School of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou University

Production performance of four forage legumes species of Medicago sativa,Onobrychis viciifolia,Lotus corniculatus and Galega officinalis were determined,including plant height,above-ground biomass per unit area,tillers per unit area,fertile tillers per unit area,shoot /leaf ratio and fresh /dry matter weight ratio,and the distribution characteristics of their root systems in 0- 100 cm soil layers with 10 cm interval were studied. Results showed that the average aboveground fresh biomass(4 a and 5 a) of four forage legumes species successively were L. corniculatus > M. sativa > O. viciifolia > G. officinalis. The average plant heights in two years successively were O. viciifolia > M. sativa > G. officinalis > L. corniculatus. Tillers per unit area of four forage legume species in two years successively were M. sativa > L. corniculatus > O. viciifolia > G. officinalis. Fertile tillers per unit area in two years were O. viciifolia > M. sativa > L. corniculatus > G. officinalis. Average shoot /leaf ratio in two years were G. officinalis > M. sativa > O. viciifolia > L. corniculatus. Average moisture contents of four forage legume species in two years successively were G. officinalis > L. corniculatus > M. sativa = O. viciifolia. The distribution characteristics of root systems of four forage legumes species in 0- 100 cm soil layers were as follows: the root weights of M. sativa in 0- 40 cm soil layers accounted for about 98. 3% of total root weight,that of O. viciifolia in 0- 30 cm soil layers was 85. 8%,that of L. corniculatus in 0- 10 cm soil layers was 80%,and that of G. officinalis in 0- 40 cm soil layers was 81. 4%. The results suggested that L. corniculatus was suited to plant in slighter degraded pasture to control water and soil erosion in early stage,G. officinalis with strong lateral roots was adapted to degraded grassland in the loess plateau where soil nutrient was poor,while O. viciifolia and M. sativa with potentially strong main root were fit for water

关键词： loess plateau Forage legumes Biomass Production performance Root system Soil conservation

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Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Soil Moisture in Silvopastoral System in the loess plateau of West Shanxi Province

Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Soil Moisture in Silvopastoral S...

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International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology（ICEST 2011）

作者： Lei Yun Lubo Gao Huaxing Bi Qingke Zhu Xiaoyan Wang College of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry University Key Lab.Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating Ministry of Education Beijing China

The objective of this study was to investigate the spatio-temporal dynamics of soil moisture in silvopastoral system in the loess plateau of west Shanxi Province.Soil moisture in 0-100 cm layer was measured and analyzed in locust-natural grass system.The results showed as following:（1） There were significant differences of soil moisture in 0-100cm layer in different phenological phases.Soil moisture contents in different patch types were different in silvopastoral system.The soil moisture contents of the grassland were significantly greater than the forestland’s.（2） There were obvious hierarchy characteristics in soil profile in locust-natural grass system.The soil moisture contents and coefficient of variation both decreased with increase of soil depth.In horizontal direction,variations of soil moisture were relatively obvious in grassland,and soil moisture increased with the increase of the distance from forest edge to grassland.In forestland,variations of soil moisture were relatively complicated and soil moisture decreased with the increase of distance.Two-dimension isogram map gave a very strong visual impression,and it obtained good results in expressing the spatial structural characters.

关键词： Silvopastoral system Dynamics of soil moisture Spatial and temporal change loess plateau

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Carbon inputs regulate the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in temperate forests

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第9期14卷 1055-1068页

作者： LIU Yulin LI Jiwei HAI Xuying WU Jianzhao DONG Lingbo PAN Yingjie SHANGGUAN Zhouping WANG Kaibo DENG Lei State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the loess plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest Agriculture and Forestry UniversityYangling 712100China State Key Laboratory of loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710075China

Litter and root activities may alter the temperature sensitivity(Q_(10))of soil respiration.However,existing studies have not provided a comprehensive understanding of the effects of litter and root carbon inputs on the Q_(10)of soil respiration in different seasons.In this study,we used the trench method under in situ conditions to measure the total soil respiration(R_(total)),litter-removed soil respiration(R_(no-litter)),root-removed soil respiration(R_(no-root)),and the decomposition of soil organic matter(i.e.,both litter and root removal;R_(SOM))in different seasons of pioneer(Populus davidiana Dode)and climax(Quercus liaotungensis Mary)forests on the loess plateau,China.Soil temperature,soil moisture,litter biomass,fine root biomass,litter carbon,and root carbon were analyzed to obtain the drive mechanism of the Q_(10)of soil respiration in the two forests.The results showed that the Q_(10)of soil respiration exhibited seasonality,and the Q_(10)of soil respiration was higher in summer.The litter enhanced the Q_(10)of soil respiration considerably more than the root did.Soil temperature,soil moisture,fine root biomass,and litter carbon were the main factors used to predict the Q_(10)of different soil respiration components.These findings indicated that factors affecting the Q_(10)of soil respiration highly depended on soil temperature and soil moisture as well as related litter and root traits in the two forests,which can improve our understanding of soil carbon–climate feedback in global warming.The results of this study can provide reference for exploring soil respiration under temperate forest restoration.

关键词： litter biomass root carbon soil respiration temperate forests loess plateau

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Ecological stoichiometric comparison of plant-litter-soil system in mixed-species and monoculture plantations of Robinia pseudoacacia,Amygdalus davidiana,and Armeniaca sibirica in the loess Hilly Region of China

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第3期10卷 411-424页

作者： Senbao Lu Yunming Chen Jordi Sardans Josep Penuelas State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the loess plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling712100China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UABBellaterra08193CataloniaSpain CREAF Cerdanyola del Vall�es08193CataloniaSpain

We examined how afforestation patterns impact carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)stoichiometry in the plant-litter-soil system.Plant leaf,branch,stem,and root,litter,and soil samples were collected from mixedspecies plantations of Robinia pseudoacacia with Amygdalus davidiana(RPAD),R.pseudoacacia with Armeniaca sibirica(RPAS),and monocultures of R.pseudoacacia(RP),A.davidiana(AD),and A.sibirica(AS)in the loess Hilly Region.The results showed that in mixed-species plantations,R.pseudoacacia had lower leaf N and P concentrations than in monocultures,while both A.davidiana and A.sibirica had higher leaf N and P concentrations.Soil P limited tree growth in both afforestation models.Mixing R.pseudoacacia with A.davidiana or A.sibirica reduced N-limitation during litter decomposition.Average soil total N and P concentrations were higher in RPAS than in RPAD,and both were higher than the corresponding monocultures.The average soil C:N ratio was the smallest in RPAS,while the average soil C:P ratio was larger in RPAS than in RP.A positive correlation between N and P concentrations,and between C:N and C:P ratios,was found in litter and all plant organs of mono-and mixedstands.Alternatively,for N concentration and C:N ratio,the correlations between plant(i.e.,leaf,branch,root)and litter and between plant and soil were inverse between plantation types.RPAD has an increased litter decomposition rate to release N and P,while RPAS has a faster rate of soil N mineralization.RPAD was the best plantation(mixed)to improve biogeochemical cycling,as soil nutrient restrictions,particularly for P-limitation,on trees growth were alleviated.This study thus provides insights into suitable tree selection and management by revealing C:N:P stoichiometry in the plant-litter-soil system under different afforestation patterns.

关键词： Stoichiometry Plant Litter Soil Tree mixture loess plateau

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Long-term light grazing does not change soil organic carbon stability and stock in biocrust layer in the hilly regions of drylands

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Journal of Arid Land 2023年第8期15卷 940-959页

作者： MA Xinxin ZHAO Yunge YANG Kai MING Jiao QIAO Yu XU Mingxiang PAN Xinghui Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of EducationYangling 712100China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China College of Life Sciences Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

Livestock grazing is the most extensive land use in global drylands and one of the most extensive stressors of biological soil crusts(biocrusts).Despite widespread concern about the importance of biocrusts for global carbon(C)cycling,little is known about whether and how long-term grazing alters soil organic carbon(SOC)stability and stock in the biocrust layer.To assess the responses of SOC stability and stock in the biocrust layer to grazing,from June to September 2020,we carried out a large scale field survey in the restored grasslands under long-term grazing with different grazing intensities(represented by the number of goat dung per square meter)and in the grasslands strictly excluded from grazing in four regions(Dingbian County,Shenmu City,Guyuan City and Ansai District)along precipitation gradient in the hilly loess plateau,China.In total,51 representative grassland sites were identified as the study sampling sites in this study,including 11 sites in Guyuan City,16 sites in Dingbian County,15 sites in Shenmu City and 9 sites in Ansai District.Combined with extensive laboratory analysis and statistical analysis,at each sampling site,we obtained data on biocrust attributes(cover,community structure,biomass and thickness),soil physical-chemical properties(soil porosity and soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio(C/N ratio)),and environmental factors(mean annual precipitation,mean annual temperature,altitude,plant cover,litter cover,soil particle-size distribution(the ratio of soil clay and silt content to sand content)),SOC stability index(SI)and SOC stock(SOCS)in the biocrust layer,to conduct this study.Our results revealed that grazing did not change total biocrust cover but markedly altered biocrust community structure by reducing plant cover,with a considerable increase in the relative cover of cyanobacteria(23.1%)while a decrease in the relative cover of mosses(42.2%).Soil porosity and soil C/N ratio in the biocrust layer under grazing decreased significantly by 4.1%–7.2%and 7.2%–13.3%,respectively,compared with t

关键词： biological soil crusts livestock grazing soil organic carbon biocrust community structure soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio dryland ecosystems loess plateau

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Decay stages and meteorological factors affect microbial community during leaf litter in situ decomposition

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Soil Ecology Letters 2023年第3期5卷 61-73页

作者： Haixin Zhang Yimei Huang Shaoshan An Quanchao Zeng Baorong Wang Xuejuan Bai Qian Huang Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China Ministry of AgricultureCollege of Natural Resources and EnvironmentNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the loess plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China Huazhong Agricultural University College of Resources&EnvironmentWuhan 430070China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the loess plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences andMinistry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China

Litter microorganisms play a crucial role in the biological decomposition in forest ecosystems;however,the coupling effect of meteorological and substrate changes on it during the different stages of leaf decomposition in situ remains unclear.Hence,according to meteorological factors dynamics,a one-year field litter of Quercus wutaishanica in situ decomposition experiment was designed for four decay stages in a warm temperate forest.Microbial community composition was characterized using Illumina sequencing of fungal ITS and bacterial 16S genes.Bacterial(6.6)and fungal(3.6)Shannon indexes were the largest after 125 days’litter decomposition(October).The relative abundance of Acidobacteria after 342 days and Bacteroidetes after 125 days were 3 and 24 times higher than after 31 days,respectively.Some non-dominant species(bacteria:Firmicutes,Planctomycotes,and Verrucomicrobia;fungi:Chytridiomycota and Glomeromomycota)may be absent or present at different decomposition stages due to litter properties or meteorological factors.Chemoheterotrophy and aerobic-chemoheterotrophy were the dominant bacterial functional groups,and the dominant fungal functional groups were saprotrophs,pathotrophs,and symbiotrophs.Precipitation and relative humidity significantly affected bacteria.Temperature,sunlight intensity,and net radiation significantly affected fungi.Besides,among the relative contributions of changes in bacterial and fungal community structure,leaf litter properties alone explained the variation of 5.51%and 10.63%.Microbial diversity and decay stage directly affected the litter mass-loss rate,with meteorological factors(precipitation,relative humidity,air temperature,and sunlight intensity)being indirect.Our findings highlight the importance of microbial diversity for leaf litter decomposition and the influence of meteorological factors.

关键词： leaf litter decomposition microbial community composition meteorological factors loess plateau Quercus wutaishanica

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Natural vegetation of geological and historical periods in loess plateau

Natural vegetation of geological and historical periods in L...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2003学术年会

作者： L Houyuan~1,LIU Dongsheng(LIU Tungsheng~1) & GUO Zhengtang~(1,2) 1.Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,China 2.Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710075,China

The study of natural vegetation of geological and historical periods in the loess plateau is an important scientific and practical issue for the development of northwestern China.However,interpretation of the natural vegetation before human reclamation is still controversial.The paper aims to analyze the potential factors that cause the difference in knowledge of Holocene natural vegetation developing in different topographies of the loess plateau.The distribution of paleovegetation in this region shows significant difference among rocky mountains,valleys,and Yuan lands(the plain area),Le.it does not follow the natural vegetation zonation,as that in eastern China does.The Yuan lands with thick loess accumulation were never covered by a vast of dense forests during the Holocene.Forests(or open forests) developed preferably in valleys in the southern part of the plateau and rocky mountains on the plateau during the warm period of the Holocene.Some of local vegetation outside of the loess plateau are more subjected to the control of geomorphology and ground water.

关键词： loess plateau paleovegetation

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Mineral magnetic properties of loess/paleosol couplets of the central loess plateau of China over the last 1.2 Myr

Mineral magnetic properties of loess/paleosol couplets of th...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2004学术年会

作者： Kenneth L.Verosub Michael J.Singer Natasa J.Vidic Department of Geology University of CaliforniaDavis.CaliforniaUSA Department of Land Air and Water ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA Department of Geology University of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA Agronomy Department University of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia

[1]We have conducted a multiparameter investigation of 15 loess-paleosol couplets (S0/L1 to S14/L15) from the Jiaodao section in the central loess plateau of China using environmental magnetic approaches coupled with soil science techniques.The magnetic parameters display systematic variations that seem to be closely related to paleoclimate variations and intensity of pedogenesis.High-temperature susceptibility curves of palcosols show a generally decreasing trend in reversibility from the base of the Lishi Formation to the Holocene black loam,possibly indicating a decrease in weathering intensity.This may reflect a long-term increase in aridity and/or a general long-term cooling trend of the interior of the Asian continent from 1.2 Ma to the present.Several samples display wasp-waisted hysteresis loops.These are most pronounced in moderately enhanced paleosols,less pronounced in the practically unaltered loess,and subdued in the well-developed paleosols,but wasp waistedness reappears in the most developed paleosols.This wasp-waistedness sequence suggests that the composition,concentration,and grain size of magnetic minerals all contribute to the hysteresis behavior of samples from the studied loess-paleosol sequence,but each factor has a different effect at different stages of pedogenesis.INDEX TERMS: 1540 Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism:Rock and mineral magnetism;1512 Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism:Environmental magnetism;1519 Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism:Magnetic mineralogy and petrology

关键词： loess paleosol mineral magnetism pedogenesis loess plateau

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Preliminary study of mollusk fossils in the Qinan Miocene loess-soil sequence in western Chinese loess plateau

Preliminary study of mollusk fossils in the Qinan Miocene lo...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2006学术年会

作者： Denis-Didier Rousseau Universite Montpellier II Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution(UMR CNRS 5554)Case 61Place E.Bataillon34095 Mont-pellier Cedex 05France Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University PalisadesNew York 10964USA

The first near continuous mollusk fossil record from the Qinan Miocene loess-soil se-quence is presented.Results show that mollusk species are abundant in the QA-I section between 22 and 6.2 Ma,and both loess layers and soil layers yield mollusk fossil individuals.All mollusk species are terrestrial and well preserved in the section.Most species are identical to those identified in the Quaternary loess-soil sequence of the loess plateau.The thermo-humidiphilous group generally is distributed in soil layers,whereas cold-aridiphilous group can be observed in loess layers.From the Miocene to Quaternary,the occurrence and divergence of new species of Metodontia and Cathaica correspond to the crucial periods of regional and global environmental changes,indicating that mollusk species are sensitive to environmental variations.Preliminary study on the QA-I mollusk record indicates that the Qinan Miocene loess-soil sequence may have a similar sedimentary environment to the Quaternary loess-soil sequence of the loess plateau.

关键词： mollusk fossils Miocene loess loess plateau mollusk evolution sedimentary environment

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Effects of different land use on soil organic carbon and microbial biomass C in the Longzhong part of loess plateau

Effects of different land use on soil organic carbon and mic...

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ⅩⅪ International Grassland Congress and the Ⅷ International Rangeland Congress

作者： Xiaodong Li Shifang Pei Xudong Li Ding Guo Xiaoyu Dong Hua Fu~* Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem Ministry of Agriculture College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730020 China.~*

＜正＞Introduction The soil organic carbon（SOC） and microbial biomass C（MB-C） play key roles in soil conservation,agriculture production,and global environmental changes.Land use and management practices have great influence on SOC and MB-C. Pool size and activity changes in components of soil organic can be influenced by many factors,including climate and land use. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in SOC and MB-C after conversion to different land use.

关键词： loess plateau Different land use Soil organic carbon Soil microbial biomass C

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