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Origin of the Mushroom Stone Forest at the southeastern foot of the little Sangpu Mountain in eastern Guangdong,China: A palaeo-sea-level indicator or not?

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第3期16卷 487-503页

作者： LI Jian-cheng WANG Wei ZHENG Yan-ming Geography department of Hanshan Normal University Geographic school of South China Normal University

The Mushroom Stone Forest, which consists of granite boulders looking like mushrooms with flared sidewalls, is located in eastern Guangdong China, and is a famous scenic spot that draws many tourists each year. The Mushroom Stone Forest has been traditionally recognized as a collection of wave erosion landforms and used for the reconstruction of palaeo-sea-level changes along the coastal areas of eastern Guangdong in previous coastal researches. By combining in situ measurements of the aspect,vertical profile and height of boulder sidewalls,palaeo-coastal wave direction estimation, rock density determination, major elemental analysis, and petrographic thin section analysis, this paper presents an alternative origin for the Mushroom Stone *** results suggest that wave or wind erosion cannot offer a satisfactory explanation for the formation of the Mushroom Stone Forest; The boulders that make up the Mushroom Stone Forest originated from the corestones in the granite weathering crusts of the little Sangpu Mountain; When the debris of the weathering crust was removed, the corestones are perched on rocky outcrops or half-buried by weathering debris beneath the natural land surface;The flared sidewall (concave vertical profile) of the boulders is a particular form developed in the foot zone of a half-buried boulder through increased chemical weathering beneath the land surface. A recent exposed half-buried boulder found in the study area provides convincing evidence to support this argument. Sea water reached the foot of the Sangpu Mountain during the Holocene transgression, but it merely provided a mechanism to erode the weathering debris from the bottom of the mushroom rocks and enhanced salt weathering that created tafoni on the boulders. These findings demonstrate that the boulders of the Mushroom Stone Forest are not sea stacks and cannot be served as a palaeo-sea-level indicator.

关键词： Biotite granite Mushroom rock Sea level indictor Wave erosion Chemical weathering little Sangpu Mountain China

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Humid little Ice Age in arid central Asia documented by Bosten Lake, Xinjiang, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第12期49卷 1280-1290页

作者： J. A. Holmes ECRC Department of Geography University College London

Short sediment cores retrieved from Bosten Lake, the largest inland freshwater lake in China, were used to explore humidity and precipitation variations in arid central Asia during the past millennium. The chronology of the cores was established using 137Cs, 210Pb and AMS 14C dating re- sults. Multi-proxy high-resolution analysis, including pollen ratios of Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae (A/C), carbonate content and grain size, indicates that the climate during the past millennium can be divided into three stages: a dry climate between 1000―1500 AD, a humid climate during the little Ice Age (LIA) (c. 1500―1900 AD), and a warm dry period after 1900 AD. On centennial timescales, the climate change in northwestern China during the past 1000 years is characterized by oscillations between warm-dry and cold-humid climate conditions. All the proxies changed significantly and indi- cate increased precipitation during the LIA, including increased pollen A/C ratios and pollen concen- trations, decreased carbonate content and increased grain size. The humid period during the LIA re- corded by the Bosten Lake sediments is representative of arid central Asia and is supported by nu- merous records from other sites. During the LIA, the water runoff into the Keriya River and Tarim River in the Tarim Basin increased, while the ice accumulation in the Guliya ice core increased. Additionally, the lake levels of the Aral and Caspian Sea also rose, while tree-ring analysis indicates that precipita- tion increased. We hypothesize that both the lower temperature within China and the negative anomalies of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) during this period may have contributed to the humid climate within this area during LIA.

关键词： multiproxy analyses,Bosten Lake,humid little Ice Age,past millennium,arid central Asia.

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CLIMATIC CHANGE SINCE little ICE AGE RECORDED BY DUNDE ICE CAP

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Science China Chemistry 1991年第6期34卷 760-767页

作者：姚檀栋谢自楚武筱舲 L.G.THOMPSON Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology. Academia Sinica. Lanzhou 730000 PRC Byrd Polar Research Center The Ohio State University USA.

The climatic change since the little Ice Age recorded in the Dunde Ice Cap is presentedin this paper. There have been three cold periods and three warm periods since *** them, the coldest one was in the 17th century. Many evidences verified the three coldand warm variations recorded in the Dundc Ice Cap. But it was found from the comparison between the Dunde Icc Cap climatic record and thewinter temperature record in Shanghai that there was a temporal dfference in climatic changebetween East China and West China. The general trend is that the cooling and warmingprocesses in West China were earlier than that in East China. In the Dunde Ice Cap, it isnow in an anomalous warm period, while it is not as warm as in Dunde Ice Cap recordaccording to the winter temperature in Shanghai. In addition to the possible cause of temporaldifference in climatic change between West China and East China, another possible cause isthat the greenhouse effect of CO_2 may already be recognizable in the Dunde Ice Cap arealocated in Western China in land of the middle latitude.

关键词： Dunde Ice Cap little Iee Age climatic record difference in climatic change between West China and East China

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The Medieval Warm Period and little Ice Age in the Daihai Area, North China

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2003年第4期22卷 330-336页

作者：金章东王苏民 The Key Laboratory of Lake Sedimentation and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology

Rb/Sr ratio, CaCO\-3 content, organic carbon (C\-\{org\}) concentration, magnetic susceptibility and clay mineralogy of 4.0 m sediments samples recovered from Daihai Lake, northern China, are presented in the paper. Weathering and paleoclimatic change history during the last 2300 years is reconstructed in terms of the variations of Rb/Sr ratios in the sediment sequence, including the little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period. Our results suggest that the evolution processes of weathering and paleoclimate can be rebuilt in terms of the variations of Rb/Sr ratios in the lake sediment sequence, in combination with magnetic susceptibility, C\-\{org\}, \{CaCO\-3\} contents and clay mineralogy.

关键词： closed lake RB/Sr ratio chemical weathering little Ice Age Medival WARM Period

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little ICE AGE IN CHINA

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1991年第3期36卷 217-220页

作者：王绍武王日昇 Department of Geophysics Peking University Beljing 100871 PRC

A great deal of evidence indicates that the earth climate experienced a severity of cold in between the 16th and the 19th century, which is called the little Ice Age. Zhu Ke-zhen proved first that it occurred also in China. But the timing of the severe cold period was not concurrent fully with that in other regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Zhang Jia-cheng

关键词： little Ice Age climatic change paleoclimate.

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Accumulation and geochemical evidence for the little Ice Age episode in eastern Antarctica

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2019年第1期11卷 50-61页

作者： ChuanJin Li JiaWen Ren CunDe Xiao MingHu Ding AiHong Xie ZhiHeng Du XiangYu Ma DaHe Qin State Key Laboratory of the Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Institute of Climate System (Polar Meteorology) Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences

Data on accumulation and concentration of chemical compounds recorded in an essentially unexplored area(Dome Argus)of the Indian Ocean sector of eastern Antarctica during the past 2,680 years(680 B.C. to 1999 A.D.) are presented. During the first 1, 700 years(680 B. C. to 1000 A. D.), the accumulation data shows a slightly decreasing trend, while chemical ions appear to be stable, representing a stable climatic condition. An intensive increasing trend of the accumulation occurred during the 12^(th) to 14^(th) century. The period from 15^(th) to 19^(th) century was characterized by a rapid reducing accumulation and concentrations of volatile compounds suffering post-depositional loss linked to sparse precipitation amount,which was temporally consistent with the little Ice Age(LIA) episode. Comparison between observed accumulation rates with other eastern Antarctic ice cores show a consistent decreasing trend during LIA, while sea salt and dust-originated ions increased due to sea ice extent and intensified atmospheric transportation. Distribution of volcanic originated sulfate over the Antarctic continent show a significant change during the 15^(th) century, coincident with the onset of the LIA. These results are important for the assessment of Antarctic continent mass balance and associated interpretation of the Dome A deep ice core records.

关键词： accumulation rates sea salt chemical compounds little Ice Age eastern Antarctica

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Competing to Interpret "Foot Liberation": *** little's Anti-Footbinding Tour in Hong Kong, 1900

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Frontiers of History in China 2020年第1期15卷 105-134页

作者： Shaofan An Department of History University of MacaoAvenida da UniversidadeTaipaMacao S.A.R.China

Known as the wife of the famous British merchant *** John little,*** little left many writings on local Chinese customs and ***,more renowned is her consistent advocacy for Chinese women's emancipation from foot binding,not only by establishing a“Natural Feet Society”in Shanghai,but also by giving numerous anti-footbinding speeches in Chinese *** particularly noticeable speech was given in Hong Kong in *** received significant reactions from different social *** ***'s own memoir and Hong Kong media coverage,we may be able to reveal the intertwined discursive competition surrounding the anti-footbinding *** by a sense of mission to“enlighten,”*** was a self-aware“civilized”***,local newspaper reports on her anti-footbinding tour reflected little about the clash of civilizations but their exaggerated concern on the national subjugation and *** two interpretations joined a competition to explain the anti-footbinding movement in late Qing China.

关键词： anti-footbinding Mrs.Archibald little Hong Kong

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THE little ICE AGE OF THE NORTHWEST REGION,CHINA

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Chinese Geographical Science 1992年第3期2卷 21-31页

作者：王宗太 Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology Academia Sinica Lanzhou 730000 PRC

The little Ice Age began in the early 15 the century and ended in 16 the century in the northwest region of China. In the Northern Hemisphere, the age of the little Ice Age postponed form north to south, form west to east, and moist region to drought. Judged by the data the little Ice Age of the Northwest China is later than the eastern China and Europe. The climate of the little Ice Age in northwest China was cold-wet. In northwest China, as compared with the little Ice Age, the recently annual temperature have raised about 1-1.3℃, the precipitation have reduced 50-78 mm, the evaporation have increased 7%, the glacier area have reduced about 21-46%, and the runoff have reduced about 14% in the river which the meltwater supply proportion is less than 10%. To sum up, since the little Ice Age the warm-dry tendency of climatic variation is quite obviously in northwest China. If it goes on like this, its influence will be more severe to the river which meltwater proportion is more than 50%.

关键词： little Ice Age glacier variation nothwest China

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Demographics and Population Dynamics Project the Future of Hard Coral Assemblages in little Cayman

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2018年第1期8卷 196-213页

作者： Kristi A. Foster Greg Foster Coastal & Marine Ecology Consultants Inc. Nehalem OR USA

Individual hard coral colonies from four representative reef sites around little Cayman were surveyed yearly between 2010 and 2015, a period of non-disturbance between two elevated seawater temperature anomalies. Photographic censuses produced 7069 annual transitions that were used to describe the demographics (size class frequencies, abundance, area cover) and population dynamics under non-disturbance environmental conditions. Agariciids, Porites asteroides, and Siderastrea radians have replaced acroporids as the predominant massive corals. Recruitment rates were generally low (little Cayman assemblages have declining hard coral populations (λ 150 cm2 surface areas, live area cover may remain relatively stable. Projection models indicated that downward population trends would be exacerbated even by mild disturbance (5% - 10% mortality) scenarios. The fate of hard corals on little Cayman’s reefs was determined to be heavily dependent on the health and transitions of agariciid colonies. Conservation strategies that currently focus on restoration of Caribbean acroporids should be expanded to include agariciids, which were previously considered “weeds”.

关键词： Caribbean Coral Size Class Transitions Vital Rates Recovery Projections little Cayman

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Five little Pigs

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作家天地 2009年第13期 42-64页

作者：段一璐人（图）

2009年3月的一个中午，就在段宏磊躺在事务所的长沙发上闭目养神时，一阵门铃声打扰了他的休息。

关键词：《Five little Pigs》小说中国当代

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