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Efficient second harmonic generation by harnessing bound states in the continuum in semi-nonlinear etchless Lithium niobate waveguides

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第11期11卷 2774-2781页

作者： Xueshi Li Jiantao Ma Shunfa Liu Peinian Huang Bo Chen Dunzhao Wei Jin Liu State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of PhysicsSun Yat-Sen University510275 GuangzhouChina

Integrated photonics provides unprecedented opportunities to pursue advanced nonlinear light sources with lowpower consumptions and small footprints in a scalable manner,such as microcombs,chip-scale optical parametric oscillators and integrated quantum light sources.Among a variety of nonlinear optical processes,high-efficiency second harmonic generation(SHG)on-chip is particularly appealing and yet challenging.In this work,we present efficient SHG in highly engineerable semi-nonlinear waveguides consisting of electron-beam resist waveguides and thin-film silicon nitride(SiN)/Lithium niobate(LN).By carefully designing octave-separating bound states in the continuum(BICs)for the nonlinear interacting waves in such a hybrid structure,we have simultaneously optimized the losses for both fundamental frequency(FF)and second harmonic(SH)waves and achieved modal phasing matching and maximized the nonlinear modal overlap between the FF and SH waves,which results in an experimental conversion efficiency up to 4.05%W^(-1)cm^(-2).Our work provides a versatile and fabrication-friendly platform to explore on-chip nonlinear optical processes with high effciency in the context of nanophotonics and quantum optics.

关键词： nonlinear harmonic Lithium

Pyrometallurgical recycling of end-of-life Lithium-ion batteries

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第7期31卷 1554-1571页

作者： Juheon Lee Kwang Won Park Il Sohn Sanghoon Lee Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul 03722Korea Yonsei Industry Cooperation Center Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Korea RD Solution Wanju gunJeollabuk do 55365Korea

The global importance of Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has been increasingly underscored with the advancement of high-performance energy storage technologies.However,the end-of-life of these batteries poses significant challenges from environmental,economic,and resource management perspectives.This review paper focuses on the pyrometallurgy-based recycling process of Lithium-ion batteries,exploring the fundamental understanding of this process and the importance of its optimization.Centering on the high energy consumption and emission gas issues of the pyrometallurgical recycling process,we systematically analyzed the capital-intensive nature of this process and the resulting technological characteristics.Furthermore,we conducted an in-depth discussion on the future research directions to overcome the existing technological barriers and limitations.This review will provide valuable insights for researchers and industry stakeholders in the battery recycling field.

关键词： spent Lithium-ion batteries recycling sustainability Lithium valuable metal

Efficient second and third harmonic generation in dual-layer Lithium niobate microdisk resonator

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第5期67卷 33-38页

作者： Zhenzhong Hao Xiao Wu Qiang Luo Zhang Li Rui Ma Fang Bo Feng Gao Guoquan Zhang Jingjun Xu MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics TEDA Institute of Applied Physics and School of PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin 300457China

Lithium niobate thin film frequency doubler has extensive applications in the preparation of classical and quantum sources.In this study,we successfully fabricated microdisk resonators with a quality factor of 2.2×10^(5) in reverse-polarization dual-layer x-cut Lithium niobate for the first time.Based on the modal phase matching condition,efficient second harmonic generation with a record normalized conversion efficiency of~56000%W-1 and cascaded third harmonic generation with an efficiency of~6500%W-2 were obtained in the microdisk resonator.Compared with the periodically poled Lithium niobate microcavity,the complex domain structure preparation processes are avoided.Our work provides a scheme for achieving highly efficient second-order nonlinear effects in non-periodically poled microcavities.

关键词： harmonic Lithium niobate

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揭示锂枝晶行为:克服锂固态电池故障的关键

Science Bulletin 2023年第21期68卷 2503-2506页

作者：何智颖杨思勰何平周豪慎 Center of Energy Storage Materials Technology College of Engineering and Applied SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional MaterialsNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructuresand Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

As the global demand for clean energy continues to swell,the crucial role of Lithium-ion batteries,especially those with superior energy and power density,is being increasingly recognized.This emerging reality has triggered a surge of research into Lithium metal anodes,a promising option for increasing the energy density of Lithium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacity and low electrochemical potential[1].

关键词：固态电池锂枝晶 Lithium

Lithium promotes recovery after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第6期17卷 1324-1333页

作者： Ying-Jie Zhao Hao Qiao Dong-Fan Liu Jie Li Jia-Xi Li Su-E Chang Teng Lu Feng-Tao Li Dong Wang Hao-Peng Li Xi-Jing He Fang Wang Department of Orthopedics the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University School of MedicineXi’anShaanxi ProvinceChina Department of Orthopedics Xi’an International Medical Center HospitalXi’anShaanxi ProvinceChina

Lithium is associated with oxidative stress and apoptosis,but the mechanism by which Lithium protects against spinal cord injury remains poorly understood.In this study,we found that intraperitoneal administration of Lithium chloride(LiCl)in a rat model of spinal cord injury alleviated pathological spinal cord injury and inhibited expression of tumor necrosis factorα,interleukin-6,and interleukin 1β.Lithium inhibited pyroptosis and reduced inflammation by inhibiting Caspase-1 expression,reducing the oxidative stress response,and inhibiting activation of the Nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome.We also investigated the neuroprotective effects of Lithium intervention on oxygen/glucose-deprived PC12 cells.We found that Lithium reduced inflammation,oxidative damage,apoptosis,and necrosis and up-regulated nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)and heme oxygenase-1 in PC12 cells.All-trans retinoic acid,an Nrf2 inhibitor,reversed the effects of Lithium.These results suggest that Lithium exerts anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidant,and anti-pyroptotic effects through the Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway to promote recovery after spinal cord injury.This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Xi’an Jiaotong University(approval No.2018-2053)on October 23,2018.

关键词： anti-inflammatory anti-oxidant anti-pyroptosis cell death inflammatory factors Lithium neurons neuroprotective Nrf2/HO-1 spinal cord injury

A review of Lithium extraction from natural resources

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第2期30卷 209-224页

作者： Yubo Liu Baozhong Ma Yingwei Lü Chengyan Wang Yongqiang Chen State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recovery and Extraction of Rare and Precious Metals University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Lithium is considered to be the most important energy metal of the 21st century.Because of the development trend of global electrification,the consumption of Lithium has increased significantly over the last decade,and it is foreseeable that its demand will continue to increase for a long time.Limited by the total amount of Lithium on the market,Lithium extraction from natural resources is still the first choice for the rapid development of emerging industries.This paper reviews the recent technological developments in the extraction of Lithium from natural resources.Existing methods are summarized by the main resources,such as spodumene,lepidolite,and brine.The advantages and disadvantages of each method are compared.Finally,reasonable suggestions are proposed for the development of Lithium extraction from natural resources based on the understanding of existing methods.This review provides a reference for the research,development,optimization,and industrial application of future processes.

关键词： Lithium extraction spodumene lepidolite brine

Atomistic Modeling of Lithium Materials from Deep Learning Potential with Ab Initio Accuracy

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化学物理学报(英文) 2023年第5期36卷 573-581,I0002页

作者： Haidi Wang Tao Li Yufan Yao Xiaofeng Liu Weiduo Zhu Zhao Chen Zhongjun Li Wei Hu School of Physics Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230091China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Lithium has been paid great attention in recent years thanks to its significant appli-cations for battery and lightweight alloy.Developing a potential model with high ac-curacy and efficiency is impor-tant for theoretical simulation of Lithium materials.Here,we build a deep learning potential(DP)for elemental Lithium based on a concurrent-learning scheme and DP representation of the density-functional theory(DFT)potential energy surface(PES),the DP model enables material simulations with close-to DFT accuracy but at much lower computational cost.The simulations show that basic parameters,equation of states,elasticity,defects and surface are consistent with the first principles results.More notably,the liquid radial distribution func-tion based on our DP model is found to match well with experiment data.Our results demon-strate that the developed DP model can be used for the simulation of Lithium materials.

关键词： Deep learning Lithium Density functional theory Potential energy surface

Lithium-conductive LiNbO_(3) coated high-voltage LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_(2) cathode with enhanced rate and cyclability

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Green Energy & Environment 2022年第2期7卷 266-274页

作者： Haifeng Yu Shouliang Wang Yanjie Hu Guanjie He Le Quoc Bao Ivan P.Parkin Hao Jiang Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical NanomaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China Christopher Ingold Laboratory Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK Faculty of Applied Sciences Ton Duc Thang University19 Nguyen Huu ThoDistrict 7Ho Chi Minh CityViet Nam

LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_(2)(NCM523) cathode materials can operate at extremely high voltages and have exceptional energy density.However,their use is limited by inherent structure instability during charge/discharge and exceptionally oxidizing Ni^(4+)at the surface.Herein,we have developed a citrate-assisted deposition concept to achieve a uniform Lithium-conductive LiNbO_(3) coating layer on the NCM523 surface that avoids self-nucleation of Nb-contained compounds in solution reaction.The electrode-electrolyte interface is therefore stabilized by physically blocking the detrimental parasitic reactions and Ni^(4+)dissolution whilst still maintaining high Li+conductivity.Consequently,the modified NCM523 exhibits an encouraging Li-storage specific capacity of 207.4 m Ah g-1at 0.2 C and 128.9 m Ah g-1 at 10 C over the range 3.0-4.5 V.Additionally,a 92% capacity retention was obtained after 100 cycles at 1 C,much higher than that of the pristine NCM523(73%).This surface engineering strategy can be extended to modify other Ni-rich cathode materials with durable electrochemical performances.

关键词： coating exceptional Lithium

Review of preferentially selective Lithium extraction from spent Lithium batteries: Principle and performance

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第3期78卷 253-261,I0008页

作者： Zhe Gao Meiting Huang Liming Yang Yufa Feng Yuan Ding Penghui Shao Xubiao Luo National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization Nanchang Hangkong UniversityNanchang 330063JiangxiChina

Lithium,as the lightest and lowest potential metal,is an ideal "battery metal" and the core strategic metal of the new energy industry revolution.Recovering Lithium from spent Lithium batteries(LIBs)has become one of the significant approaches to obtaining Lithium resources.At present,the Lithium extraction being generally placed at the last step of the spent LIBs recovery process has puzzles such as high acid consumption,low Li recovery purity and low recovery efficiency.Selective Lithium extraction at the first step of the recovery process can effectively solve those puzzles.Since Lithium leaching is a non-spontaneous reaction requiring additional energy to achieve,it is found that these methods can be divided into five ways according to the different types of energy driving the reaction occurring:(ⅰ)electric energy driving Lithium extraction;(ⅱ) chemical energy driving Lithium extraction;(ⅲ) mechanical energy driving Lithium extraction;(ⅳ) thermal energy driving Lithium extraction;(ⅴ) other energy driving Lithium extraction.Through the analysis of the principle,reaction process and results of recovering Lithium methods can provide a few directions for scholars’ subsequent research.It is necessary to speed up the exploration of the principle of these methods.It is expected that this study could provide a reference for the research on the selective Lithium extraction.

关键词： Lithium Spent Lithium batteries(LIBs) Recovery efﬁciency Preferentially Selective