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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2014年第20期5卷 1277-1293页

作者： Josh Ennis Geoffrey Schultz Phillips Perera Sarah Williams Laleh Gharahbaghian Diku Mandavia Division of Emergency Medicine Stanford University Medical Center Stanford USA Emergency Professional Services Phoenix USA Department of Emergency Medicine LAC+USC Medical Center Los Angeles USA

Objective: To review the use of ultrasound (US) for the detection of free intraperitoneal fluid (ascites) and for the procedural guidance of the paracentesis procedure. Methods: Two clinical vignettes are presented to review the pertinent diagnostic, management and safety considerations associated with paracentesis. First, US techniques used for the identification of ascites and in the quantification of fluid pockets amenable to aspiration will be discussed. Next, the actual steps required for the performance of US-guided paracentesis will be covered. A review and analysis of the most current literature regarding US and paracentesis then follows. Conclusion: Current literature favors US-guided paracentesis over the traditional blind technique with a significant reduction in both the rate of unsuccessful aspiration of fluid and in the bleeding complications related to this procedure. Use of US for both the diagnostic and therapeutic management of ascites should be advocated as an essential skill for physicians and other health care providers caring for these patients.

关键词： Ultrasound for Detection of Ascites and for Guidance of the Paracentesis Procedure: Technique and Review of the literature

Determinants of decision-making and patient participation in paediatric clinical trials: A literature review

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2012年第1期2卷 1-17页

作者： Falk Wulf Marta Krasuska Monika Bullinger Center for Psychosocial Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg Germany

Background: Studies have shown that many drugs used in children may not have been authorised for use in this age group. This poses significant risks on children. A new EU regulation came into effect in 2007 to ensure that medicinal products that are researched, developed and authorised will also meet the therapeutic needs of children. This will mean an increased demand for children to participate in clinical trials. Objectives: To identify the needs and motivations of children and their families who have participated, might participate or declined to participate in clinical trials. Methods: We did a literature search and reviewed empirical studies which examined eligible outcomes. The findings of these studies were analyzed in a broad qualitative and descriptive bottom-up process. Results: We found that the understanding of advanced concepts of research such as randomisation is often insufficient. The needs of families affected by a serious disease are not addressed explicitly. Personal benefit and altruistic motives were two important reasons for participation. Conclusions: The comprehension of information given in the consent process should be secured by improving the information material. The communication process should be more mutual. Children and their families should be empowered to address their needs in the process of considering participation in a clinical trial.

关键词： Clinical Trial Child Needs Motives Empowerment literature Review

Ancient Myths and the Construction of Regional Literary History——The General History of Sichuan literature

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Contemporary Social Sciences 2019年第3期4卷 59-68页

作者： Kong Xuyou Wu Lingwei Institute of literature and Art Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences

The literary study of ancient mythology is a rational and necessary prerequisite for the study of the general history of Sichuan literature in the Pre-Qin period, though it can go beyond the study of literature. Compared with other Chinese regional literatures such as Jing-Chu literature, the insufficiency of the literalization of the early Ba-Shu myth, to some extent, devalues the Ba-Shu literature in the Pre-Qin period and affects its consistence. When dealing with the influence of ancient mythology on the development of Chinese regional literature, including Sichuan literature, we need to analyze the inherent impact of regional mythology on the developing literature using a three-step process: restoring and summarizing the mythological pedigree, uncovering the “conceptual structure” of the mythology, and explaining the impact of the mythology on the developing literature. This paper uses this three-step process to construct the general history of Sichuan literature.

关键词： ancient Ba-Shu mythology the general history of Sichuan literature writing conceptual structure

Development of an Assessment Tool for Domestic Elder Abuse: Creation of Items from a literature Review

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Advances in Aging Research 2015年第6期4卷 195-204页

作者： Qinqiuzi Yi Junko Honda Naohiro Hohashi Division of Family Health Care Nursing Department of Nursing Graduate School of Health Sciences Kobe University Hyogo Japan

Background: With the “super-aging” of society, the prevalence of elder abuse can be expected to come under greater scrutiny. It will be important, therefore, to evaluate the presence and severity of elder abuse so as to prevent abuse and provide greater support for families. Aim: The aim of this study is to identify acts of elder abuse from a literature review in order to develop items for an assessment tool for domestic elder abuse. Methods: For the literature search, ICHUSHI Web, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and PubMed were utilized with the keywords “elder abuse” and “elderly abuse”. A search limited to original articles over the last five years containing descriptions of elder abuse was used in this study. In addition, through hand search, books and websites concerning elder abuse were also studied. Descriptions of the acts of elder abuse from the materials were extracted and categorized by content analysis based on seven subtypes of elder abuse (physical abuse, neglect, psychological abuse, sexual abuse, economical abuse, self-neglect, and social abuse). Results & Conclusions: The final analysis included 18 original articles, two books, and eight websites on elder abuse prevention. A total of 38 acts were extracted as items for the assessment tool, which can be used to evaluate the presence and severity of elder abuse. Further research will be needed to examine the validity and reliability of the assessment tool.

关键词： Domestic Elder Abuse Assessment Tool literature Review

Deep Language Statistics of Italian throughout Seven Centuries of literature and Empirical Connections with Miller’s 7 ∓2 Law and Short-Term Memory

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Open Journal of Statistics 2019年第3期9卷 373-406页

作者： Emilio Matricciani Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria (DEIB) Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy

Statistics of languages are usually calculated by counting characters, words, sentences, word rankings. Some of these random variables are also the main “ingredients” of classical readability formulae. Revisiting the readability formula of Italian, known as GULPEASE, shows that of the two terms that determine the readability index G—the semantic index , proportional to the number of characters per word, and the syntactic index GF, proportional to the reciprocal of the number of words per sentence—GF is dominant because GC is, in practice, constant for any author throughout seven centuries of Italian literature. Each author can modulate the length of sentences more freely than he can do with the length of words, and in different ways from author to author. For any author, any couple of text variables can be modelled by a linear relationship y = mx, but with different slope m from author to author, except for the relationship between characters and words, which is unique for all. The most important relationship found in the paper is that between the short-term memory capacity, described by Miller’s “7 ? 2 law” (i.e., the number of “chunks” that an average person can hold in the short-term memory ranges from 5 to 9), and the word interval, a new random variable defined as the average number of words between two successive punctuation marks. The word interval can be converted into a time interval through the average reading speed. The word interval spreads in the same range as Miller’s law, and the time interval is spread in the same range of short-term memory response times. The connection between the word interval (and time interval) and short-term memory appears, at least empirically, justified and natural, however, to be further investigated. Technical and scientific writings (papers, essays, etc.) ask more to their readers because words are on the average longer, the readability index G is lower, word and time intervals are longer. Future work done on ancient languages, such as the classical Greek and Latin Lite

关键词： GULPEASE Italian literature Miller’s Law Readability Short-Term Memory Word Interval

Dynamic Nexus between Air-Transportation and Economic Growth: A Systematic literature Review

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2019年第2期9卷 156-170页

作者： Ruwan Higgoda M. W. Madurapperuma Airport & Aviation Services (Sri Lanka) Limited Colombo Sri Lanka Department of Accountancy University of Kelaniya Kelaniya Sri Lanka

Today’s economic growth is not promising without air transport, up-to-date airports infrastructure, efficient and safe airline services and international air transport networks. According to WB [1], 40% of the world-wide tourists travel by air transport. The main aim of this study is to analyze the literatures of air transport and economic growth study. A systematic literature review (SLR) method was used in order to examine related articles from ABDC list journals which are ranked on A*, A or B, published in period 1992-2018. This study gives a summary of the trends and research themes which have been identified. Key scholars, as well as their approaches and locations and citations are also mapped. The findings of this study show that there is a growing interest in researching and publishing on Air transportation and economic growth. This study fills a deficiency in specialized literature concerning air transportation in developing countries and provides a foundation for future research in the field of air transportation.

关键词： Air Transport Airport Aviation Economic Growth Tourism Growth Systematic literature Review

A Systematic Review of the literature on the Relationships between Chronic Diseases and Food Insecurity

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2018年第5期9卷 519-541页

作者： Lesley Jo Weaver Connor B. Fasel Department of Anthropology University of Alabama Tuscaloosa USA

Background: The association between food insecurity (FI) and obesity is now so well documented that scholars have dubbed it the “‘new’ food insecurity” and cited it as a leading cause of increased chronic disease (CD) risk. Here, the chain of causality is assumed to be FI → obesity → CD. However, this model overlooks the possible direct associations between FI and CD independent of obesity. Aim: This study assessed the literature on relationships between FI and CD. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review of electronic databases. Selection criteria were designed to elicit studies that assessed FI and CD using a measure of CD other than obesity. Results: Fifty-one articles met the inclusion criteria. Forty-five studies (87%) reported a statistically significant association between FI and CD, but only 15 adjusted for obesity. The association was less consistent for asthma and dyslipidemia than for diabetes, hypertension, and other dietrelated CDs, and most were conducted in the USA or Canada. Conclusion: There is a body of literature documenting relationships between FI and CD, but it is heavily biased toward Western nations, ecological study designs, and type 2 diabetes as the CD of focus. A small subset of the literature controls for BMI, demonstrating that a portion of the FI-CD relationship cannot be fully explained by obesity. Possible direct pathways linking FI and CD include systematic effects of poverty that accompanies FI, micronutrient deficiencies, and environmental exposure to toxins;however, exploration of these alternative pathways is limited by study designs that fail to include obesity as a control variable.

关键词： Food Insecurity Chronic Diseases Systematic literature Review Critical Nutrition Studies

Histopathological Examination and literature Review of Orthokeratinized Odontogenic Cyst

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2019年第5期9卷 125-135页

作者： Hirotoshi Iwai Takehiro Suzuki Tomoko Suzuki Juri Muramori Hiroyuki Seto Mitsuko Nakayama Tadahiko Utsunomiya Masaaki Suemitsu Kayo Kuyama Satoshi Hirayama Department of Operative Dentistry Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan Department of Pathology Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan

Background: With transitions in the disease concept of orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC), the pathogenesis and etiology have not been sufficiently elucidated. Objectives: OOC cases were reclassified and observed to understand the clinico-histopathological characteristics. In addition, literature review of OOC was performed to better organize the pathology. Materials and methods: Subjects with jawbone cysts lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium from 2005 to 2018 were reclassified, and clinico-histopathological findings were analyzed. Previous reports of OOC/orthokeratinized-type odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) from 1980 to 2019 were organized. Results: Five cases of OOC were diagnosed, representing 2.1% of odontogenic developmental cysts (total, 239 cases). Mean age was 37.6 years, with a female predominance. The mandibular molar area was the frequent site, and all cysts were solitary. Sixty percent involved an impacted tooth. Mean maximum diameter of the cyst was 2.2 cm. Histopathologically, 4 cases were unilocular, and partial palisading of the basal layer and scattered epithelial islands were observed in 2 cases each and formation of daughter cysts was noted in 3 cases. Previous papers described that most were unilocular and related to impacted teeth. Mean age ranged between 20 and 40 years, and the mandibular molar region was dominant. Recurrence rates were low. Conclusion: OOC shows a different biological attitude to OKC and is closer to dentigerous cyst. Meanwhile, OOC shows a similar histology of epidermoid cysts accompanying the granular layer. We thus surmised that OCC represents an independent concept as an odontogenic developmental cyst.

关键词： Orthokeratinized Odontogenic Cyst (OOC) Odontogenic Developmental Cyst literature Review

The Way Forward for Chinese literature and Art in the New Era

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Qiu Shi 2019年第1期11卷 86-92页

作者： Tie Ning 不详

After the 18th National Congress of the CPC held in 2012, socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era. This new era brings with it many connotations, including the deepening and expansion of reform across the board, dazzling results in socioeconomic development, and bold aspirations for China to forge forward as one of the world's major countries, but most importantly, it signifies the glorious path ahead for the Chinese nation. Numerous scholars from the humanities and social sciences are now in the process of studying the nature, structure, and meaning of the new era and engaging in a discourse on its historical context, practical implications, and future possibilities. As authors and artists of the new era, we are better prepared to recognize the thoughts, feelings, and mental images crystalized in people's expressions, deportment, words, and actions. This is an era in which the Chinese nation will create a brighter future for itself amidst new tests and challenges, and an era in which each individual can create a better life for themselves by fighting and persevering through all types of adversity. It is apparent from looking at both the past and the present that the direction, destiny and dynamism of Chinese literature and art are all intimately linked to the grand flow of history. Chinese literature and art develop along with the progress of the Chinese nation, and move in the same direction that the Chinese people are marching toward.

关键词： Way Forward Chinese literature Art

For Foreign-Oriented Chinese literature Translation,What Inspirations Can Be Derived from the Carrying out of the Translation Project of the King James Version of The Bible?

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Journal of literature and Art Studies 2018年第7期8卷 1015-1022页

作者： ZHANG Xi-zhi South China Business College(SCBC) Guangdong University of Foreign Studies(GDUFS)GuangdongChina

Inspired by the“One Belt,One Road”initiative and the“Going Global”strategy,China has become more deeply involved in foreign exchange.The introduction of Chinese literature to the outside world has been part of China’s soft-power strategy.However,it must be acknowledged that the quality of Chinese literature translation is not satisfactory for several reasons:essentially,issues relating to project management,translators’qualifications,and translation quality control.This essay reviews the translation practice that gave rise to the King James Bible(KJB),with a focus on its project management,translators’qualifications and quality control.It is hoped that this will serve to enlighten professionals in the field of Chinese literature translation.

关键词： KJB translation foreign-oriented literature translation Chinese literature