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Structural Controls Analysis and Its Correlation with Geothermal Occurrence at Barrier Volcanic Complex (BVC), Turkana, Kenya

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第3期15卷 231-245页

作者： Philip Lomorukai Emekwi Nicholas O. Mariita Patrick Chege Kariuki Geothermal Training and Research Institute (GeTRI) Dedan Kimathi University of Technology Nyeri Kenya

Geothermal is a clean energy source that is freely available in the subsurface. The exploitation of this vital resource needs intensive exploration in order to identify and quantify its occurrence. The three parameters considered when assessing the viability of a geothermal system include;heat source, fractures and fluids. Geological structures are important in transportation of fluids to and from the heat source aiding in recharge of the geothermal system and enhancing productivity. Remote sensing method was applied in mapping the structures at Barrier Volcanic Complex (BVC) by using hill shading technique which utilized four illumination angles of the sun (azimuth) i.e. 45°, 90°, 150°, and 315°, constant elevation of 45° and exaggeration of 10. The data used was Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) Satellite Imagery. ArcGIS Software was used for lineaments delineation and density mapping, PCI Geomatica was used to generate major faults, while Georose and Rockworks 17 were used to generate the rose diagrams. Geological structural analysis was done by delineating lineaments, determining the density distribution of lineaments and finally determining the structural trends of lineaments. The generated major faults in the area and the location of the occurrence of surface manifestations were compared with the generated lineaments. A total of 260 lineaments were generated whereby at 45° there was a total of 60 lineaments, at 90° 95 lineaments, at 150° 61 lineaments, and at 315° 44 lineaments. The results of structural analysis in the area as shown by the rose diagrams indicate an NNE-SSW and N-S trending of structures. In conclusion, the study area is highly fractured as indicated by the presence of numerous lineaments. These lineaments provide good recharge to the geothermal system and enhance the geothermal reservoir in the area.

关键词： Geothermal Resource lineaments lineaments Density Structural Controls

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Multi-Scale Approach for Gold Targeting in Côte d’Ivoire Paleoproterozoic Rocks

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第2期14卷 155-176页

作者： Martial Pohn Koffi Adingra Yao Augustin Koffi N’guessan Nestor Houssou Zié Ouattara Tokpa Kakeu Lionel-Dimitri Boya Marc Ephrem Allialy Training and Research Unit in Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources Laboratory of Geology Mineral and Energy Resources University Felix HOUPHOU&#203T-BOIGNY Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Training and Research Unit in Geological Sciences and Mining Department of Geology and Material Man University Man C&#244te d’Ivoire

The aim of this study is to contribute to better targeting of gold prospecting areas using geospatial information. To this end, 3 mining sites were selected for the study. They are: the Sénoufo belt (Barrick Gold mine), the Yaouré complex (Perseus Mining mine) and the South Fetêkro belt (Bonikro, Hiré and Agbaou mines). For this study, a multi-scale approach was carried out at regional, mine and microscopic levels. At the regional scale, a comparative analysis of 1:200,000 scale geological maps revealed that 3 main lithologies are regularly repeated on and around the various mining sites. These are: undifferentiated volcanics, metagranodiorites and metasiltites dominated by meta-arenites. Most of these lithologies are affected by undifferentiated faults generally oriented NE-SW, N-S, ENE-WSW and WNW-ESE. In addition, gold and manganese occurrences are present on all the sites studied. At the mine scale, radarsat-1 images processing indicate that the main mining sites are generally located near or at the intersection of lineaments-oriented NE-SW or N-S on the one hand and E-W or ENE-WSW or WNW-ESE or again NW-SE on the other. These mines are also located at the interface between zones of high and low lineament density. At the microscopic scale, petrographic studies of undifferentiated volcanic samples from the various sites indicate that they consist of andesites, meta-andesites and tuffs.

关键词： Gold Targeting Undifferentiated Volcanics Mineral Occurrences lineaments Côte d’Ivoire

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Insight from Lithostructural and Aeromagnetic Data from the Léo Square Degree, Central-Western Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第1期14卷 19-28页

作者： Adama Ouédraogo Yaméogo Pascal Ouiya Gounwendmanaghré Hubert Zongo Omar Akonyiré Abraham Seydoux Traoré Saga Sawadogo Séta Naba Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies Département des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Université Norbert Zongo Koudougou Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement (LaGE) Département des Sciences de la Terre Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouaga Burkina Faso Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS)/Institut des Sciences et de Technologie (IST) Ouaga Burkina Faso Ecole Supérieure d’Ingénieries Université de Fada N’gourma Fada N’Gourma Burkina Faso

This study, carried out in the Léo square degree (west-central Burkina Faso) in the Palaeoproterozoic domain of the Man/Léo ridge, aims to define the shapes and positions of granitic plutons and the organisation of deformation structures using aeromagnetic data. These data have shown that there are small sub-circular granitic bodies to the north of the granitic masses in this region, and a large sub-circular granitic body to the south, around which are other smaller granitic bodies. The lineament map shows that the deformation structures are organised along three main directions and largely form these sub-circular plutonic bodies. We suggest that the granitic plutons are coalescent, pending identification of the internal structures of these granites to further refine the geodynamic model.

关键词： Burkina Faso lineaments Belts Rocks Leo’s Leaf Granitoïd Airbornes Magnétics

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lineaments Extraction and Analysis Using Landsat 8 (OLI/TIRS) in the Northeast of Morocco

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Open Journal of Geology 2022年第5期12卷 333-357页

作者： Meryem Redouane Hicham Si Mhamdi Faouziya Haissen Mohammed Raji Othman Sadki LGAGE Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik Hassan II University of Casablanca Casablanca Morocco LAG Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Moulay Isma&#239 l University Errachidia Morocco National Office of Hydrocarbons and Mines Rabat Morocco

Northeastern Morocco is made up of several units belonging to the Alpine belt and its foreland. Miocene to plio-quaternary volcanic rocks with variable mineralogy and geochemistry dominate the geology of this region. The presence of active faults in different directions explains the high tectonic instability and the high frequency of earthquakes. This study contributes to the effort of understanding the geothermal potential of the Northeast of Morocco. Heat source and permeability are both key factors in the geothermal process. Indeed, lineaments analysis constrains the structures and their directions and indicates severely faulted zones, which are the most promising areas for geothermal exploration. For this purpose, we used Landsat data combined with geological and structural maps available in this region. Different image processing techniques were applied including band ratio (6/2) and directional filters. To validate the results, we conducted a comparative study between linear structures, available geological data, and previous studies. Results of the automatic extraction method of lineaments from Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS indicate three main lineament systems: 1) a NE-SW system ranging from N40 to N70;2) an N-S system ranging from N10 to N45;3) an EW to WNW-ESE systems ranging from N80 to N120. Most of lineaments extracted are localized in Kebdana, Amejjaou, Nador and Melilla regions. Compared to previous studies, the NE-SW system is consistent with an extensive period (Tortonian to Pliocene);the NW-SE system is consistent with the last compressive episode (Pliocene);the N-S system is consistent with the first compressive period (Late/End Tortonian).

关键词： Northeastern Morocco Rif Belt Faults Miocene-Plio Quaternary Volcanism Permeability lineaments Landsat 8 (OLI/TIRS)

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ASTER Data Processing by Discrete Wavelets Transform and Band Ratio Techniques for the Identification of lineaments and Hydrothermal Alteration Zones in Poli, North Cameroon

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第9期11卷 216-232页

作者： Mohamadou Ahamadou May Nome Stella Meying Arsène School of Geology and Mining Engineering University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon Centre for Geological and Mining Research Garoua Cameroon

The aim of this study is to carry out hydrothermal alteration mapping and structural mapping using ASTER images in order to identify indices that could guide mining exploration work in the Poli area and its surroundings. To achieve this, the ASTER images were first preprocessed to correct atmospheric effects and remove vegetation influence. Secondly, a lineament mapping was conducted by applying Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) algorithms to the First Principal Component Analysis (PCA1) of Visible Near-Infrared (VNIR) and Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) bands. Lastly, band ratio methods were applied to the VNIR, SWIR, and Thermal Infrared (TIR) bands to determine indices of iron oxides/hydroxides (hematite and limonite), hydroxyl-bearing minerals (chlorite, epidote, and muscovite), and the quartz index. The results obtained showed that the lineaments were mainly oriented NE-SW, ENE-WSW, and E-W, with NE-SW being the most predominant direction. Concerning hydrothermal alteration, the identified indices covered almost the entire study area and showed a strong correlation with lithological data. Overlaying the obtained lineaments with the hydrothermal alteration indices revealed a significant correlation between existing mining indices and those observed in the field. Mineralized zones generally coincided with areas of high lineament density exhibiting significant hydrothermal alteration. Based on the correlation between existing mining indices and the results of hydrothermal and structural mapping, the results obtained can then be used as a reference document for any mining exploration in the study area.

关键词： Discrete Wavelets Transform Band Ratio lineaments Hydrothermal Alteration

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Geophysical lineaments of Western Ghats and adjoining coastal areas of central Kerala,southern India and their temporal development

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第5期8卷 1089-1104页

作者： P.Ajayakumar S.Rajendran T.M.Mahadevan Department of Marine Geology and Geophysics Cochin University of Science and TechnologyCochinKerala682 016India Sree Bagh Ammankovil RoadCochinKerala682 035India

A family of geophysical lineaments have been identified in ~15,000 km^2 in central Kerala between9 30'N to 10 45'N and 76 00'E to 77°30′E,integrating geophysical data with geological and geomorphological features. The characteristics of these lineaments in the magnetic and gravity fields and their derivatives have been analysed. The evolution of the lineaments has been traced to the temporal phases of global evolution of the region. A group of these faults have formed by reactivation of the deep-seated distensional fractures associated with and accompanying dyke emplacements during the episodic breakup of Gondwana at ~90 and 65 Ma under distinctive mantle thermal regimes. It is possible that reactivation of these distensional faults may have started during the cooling interval of time between the two distensions in the 90 and 65 Ma and post 65 Ma periods and later in the Cenozoic, when the lineaments were enlarged to their present dimension, possibly under the influence of forces that led to the uplift of the western Ghats. These may extend down to the crust-mantle interface. A cluster of youngergeophysical lineaments has been generated by reactivation along the weak planes of transformation of the charnockitic rocks of the Precambrian. They seem to have a strike-slip character. They are devoid of any dyke association and were formed on a cold crust. They may be confined to the upper-middle crust.They were generated in the high intensity intra-plate palaeo-stress fields of the triple forces arising from(1) the back-thrust from the Himalayan Collision;(2) the impact of epeirogenic forces and related isostatic uplift of the Western Ghats and(3) the flexural isostatic uplifts due to surface loads of late Mesozoic basaltic lavas and Cenozoic sedimentation in the coastal rifted basins in late Cenozoic, probably in the time span of 20 Ma to the present, when the palaeostress fields were most intense.

关键词： Magnetic anomalies Gravity anomalies Periyar plateau Tectonic lineaments Himalayan back-thrust Epeirogenic forces

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The lineaments as one of the precursors of earthquakes: A case study of Tashkent geodynamical polygon in Uzbekistan

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2021年第6期12卷 399-404页

作者： Lola Sichugova Dilbarkhon Fazilova Astronomical Institute of Uzbek Academy of Sciences 33 Astronomicheskaya Street100052TashkentUzbekistan

This work is to study earthquake precursors using lineament analysis of five MW3 earthquakes that occurred in 2018 on the territory of the Tashkent geodynamic polygon in Uzbekistan.The Landsat 8 satellite images were processed using the automated lineament detection method in the LEFA software.The processing steps included image preprocessing with graphic filters,edge detection using Canny’s algorithm,the definition of a vector of linear elements based on the probabilistic Hough transform and combining collinear linear elements into lineaments.The analysis of the cyclicity of precursors before and after earthquakes was based on the study of the distribution of the lineaments trend in the study area using rose diagrams and lineaments density maps.The results showed a change in the dynamics of the lineament structure.The statistical analysis of lineaments revealed that the number and orientation of lineaments changed significantly about 2-4 months before an earthquake,and after 2-3 months,the system gradually returned to its initial state.The rapid increase in lineaments density began almost 20 days before the event,reaching a maximum about 4 days before the earthquake,and its decrease began16 days after the earthquake.The main trends observed in the lineament map showed dominant trends in NS,EW,and the subdominant directions were in NW-SE,NE-SW,which coincided with main directions of the faults.

关键词： lineaments Earthquake Density Rose diagram Landsat 8

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Possibilities of mapping neotectonic elements based on the interpretation of space images:A study of Fergana Depression

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第6期13卷 602-608页

作者： Umurzakov Rakhimjan Abdurazakovich Rabbimkulov Samariddin Asatovich Tashkent State Technical University TashkentUzbekistan

For the current geological mapping of individual territories,remote sensing and geographic information system(GIS)technologies are widely used.Taking the Fergana depression as an example,this paper aims to determine the possibilities of using remote sensing materials for mapping structural and geomorphological elements.Landsat-8 satellite imagery obtained on 11 spectral channels was used to highlight the decoding features.Fault zones,lineament zones,various uplifts,depressions,and structural material complexes of different ages were identified.Based on the in-depth analysis of geological and geophysical data,a geological schematic map of the Fergana depression was developed.Using geological landscape and automated methods for deciphering space images,the main neotectonic elements of the Fergana depression were identified:the southern step,northern marginal slope,central graben-syncline,flexurefault zones,local anticlinal zones,individual uplifts/depressions,and local shear zones.The results show a neotectonic map of the study area,which can be used as a tectonic basis for prospecting,seismic zoning mapping,and geological engineering development.

关键词： Neotectonic elements Faults lineaments Space images Uplifts and depressions

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Landsat 8 and Alos DEM geological mapping reveals the architecture of the giant Mesoproterozoic Kunene Complex anorthosite suite(Angola/Namibia)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第5期14卷 308-328页

作者： Jeremie Lehmann Alan M.Brower Trishya M.Owen-Smith Grant M.Bybee Ben Hayes Department of Geology University of JohannesburgSouth Africa Jurumani Solutions Midrand 1685South Africa School of Geosciences University of the Witwatersrand2050 JohannesburgSouth Africa

The quasi-monomineralic composition and huge spatial extent of massif-type anorthosites make detecting lithological regions and boundaries challenging.We use processed Landsat 8 OLI multispectral images and ALOS digital elevation models integrated with field and petrographic observations to characterize the architecture of the≥17,000 km2 Mesoproterozoic Kunene Complex(KC)anorthosite suite in Angola and Namibia.Images of false colour composite bands 6,4 and 1 and band ratios 4/2(ferric minerals),6/5(ferrous minerals)and 6/7(OH-bearing minerals),as well as assessment of the PCA and MNF matrices of eigenvectors and eigenvalues from Landsat 8 data using available spectral libraries,have substantially improved the interpretation of the Kunene Complex rock types and structures.The dataset shows that the reflectance signature of KC anorthositic rocks is primarily a function of the degree of metasomatism,which is most significant in olivine-poor rock types.The weathering intensity of the olivine-bearing anorthosite substrate is another control on the remote sensing signal.Our remote sensing and field-based approach has enabled us to divide the KC anorthosite suite into six distinct spectral and architecture domains and at least four distinct magmatic plutons when considering available high-precision geochronological data.The northernmost pluton(ca.1380 Ma)of massive,olivine-bearing anorthosite shows distinct remote sensing signatures in the band ratio and MNF images marked by the dominance of OH-bearing and subordinate ferric minerals.The central pluton(1412–1400 Ma)is composed of NNE-to N-striking steeply dipping interlayered olivine-bearing and olivinepoor anorthosite,which correspond to ridges of dark-coloured,low albedo rocks with subordinate slightly oxidised ferrous mineral spectral signatures,and valleys of low albedo and OH-bearing mineral spectral signatures.A NNE-striking tectonic zone along a linear belt of KC granite gneiss separates the northern and central plutons.To the south is a NNW-to NNE-striking layer

关键词： Remote sensing Structural geology LANDSAT 8 Alos DEM lineaments Proterozoic massif-type anorthosite

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lineaments Extraction from Gravity Data by Automatic Lineament Tracing Method in Sidi Bouzid Basin (Central Tunisia): Structural Framework Inference andHydrogeological Implication

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International Journal of Geosciences 2011年第3期2卷 373-383页

作者： Hajer Azaiez Hakim Gabtni Imen Bouyahya Dorra Tanfous Mourad Bedir 不详

The gravity method may be used in the exploration of deep sedimentary basins. It allows the structuring and the lateral and vertical extent of sedimentary fill to be determined. This study has concerned a qualitative and quantitative gravity analysis of Sidi Bouzid Basin in Central Tunisia. Bouguer anomaly analysis and Gravity data filtering allows us to emphasize the structures affecting the basin. The Automatic Lineament Tracing method helps to quantify the different gravity responses of faults located in the shallow and deep sedimentary sections and in the basement. The elaborated structural map of the study area constitutes a useful document for rationalizing the future groundwater exploration in the arid area of central Tunisia since it shows faults dipping and deep hydrogeologic sub-basin delineation.

关键词： Gravity lineaments Extraction Tunisia Hydrogeology

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