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Phylogenetic analysis revealed the central roles of two African countries in the evolution and worldwide spread of Zika virus

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Virologica Sinica 2016年第2期31卷 118-130页

作者： Shu Shen Junming Shi Jun Wang Shuang Tang Hualin Wang Zhihong Hu Fei Deng State Key Laboratory of Virology Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Recent outbreaks of Zika virus （ZIKV） infections in Oceania＇s islands and the Americas were characterized by high numbers of cases and the spread of the virus to new areas. To better understand the origin of ZIKV, its epidemic history was reviewed. Although the available records and information are limited, two major genetic lineages of ZIKV were identified in previous studies. However, in this study, three lineages were identified based on a phylogenetic analysis of all virus sequences from GenBank, including those of the envelope protein （E） and non-structural protein 5 （NS5） coding regions. The spatial and temporal distributions of the three identified ZIKV lineages and the recombination events and mechanisms underlying their divergence and evolution were further elaborated. The potential migration pathway of ZIKV was also characterized. Our findings revealed the central roles of two African countries, Senegal and Cote d＇lvoire, in ZIKV evolution and genotypic divergence. Furthermore, our results suggested that the outbreaks in Asia and the Pacific islands originated from Africa. The results provide insights into the geographic origins of ZlKV outbreaks and the spread of the virus, and also contribute to a better understanding of ZlKV evolution, which is important for the prevention and control of ZlKV infections.

关键词： Flaviviridae Zika virus (ZIKV) phylogenetic analysis lineages recombination migration

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Vaccine breakthrough and rebound infections modeling:Analysis for the United States and the ten *** regions

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第3期8卷 717-741页

作者： Olusegun Michael Otunuga Alexandra Yu Department of Mathematics Augusta University112015th StrGE 2018AugustaGA30912USA

A vaccine breakthrough infection and a rebound infection cases of COVID-19 are studied and analyzed for the ten *** of Health and Human Services(HHS)regions and the United States as a nation in this *** innovative multi-strain susceptible-vacci-nated-exposed-asymptomatic-symptomatic-recovered(SVEAIR)epidemic model is devel-oped for this purpose for a population assumed to be susceptible to n-different variants of the disease,and those who are vaccinated and recovered from a specific strain k(kn)of the disease are immune to present strain and its predecessors j=1,2,…,k,but can still be infected by newer emerging strains j=k+1,k+2,…,*** model is used to estimate epidemiological parameters,namely,the latent and infectious periods,the transmission rates,vaccination rates,recovery rates for each of the Delta B.1.617.2,Omicron B.1.1.529,and lineages BA.2,BA.2.12.1,BA.4,BA.5,BA.1.1,BA.4.6,and BA.5.2.6 for the United States and for each of the ten HHS *** transmission rate is estimated for both the asymptomatic and symptomatic *** effect of vaccines on each strain is *** that guarantees existence of an endemic with certain number of strains is derived and used to describe the endemic state of the population.

关键词： Multi-strain Delta Omicron lineages Vaccine breakthrough Rebound infection

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被发明的传统

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宗教 2013年第4期 153-166页

作者：张雪松

明代中后期，以独立派辈诗为其特征标志的佛教法派大量涌现。笔者将佛教宗派法派谱系编织的方法称为佛教谱学，佛教谱学是明代中后期新“发明”出来的一种重要的佛教“传统”，时至今日，对于佛教组织制度仍旧有着至关重要的影响。

关键词：晚明佛教佛教谱学宗派 Buddhism in Late Ming Dynasty Buddhist Genealogy lineages

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