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light absorption properties and potential sources of brown carbon in Fenwei Plain during winter 2018–2019

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第4期33卷 53-63页

作者： Wenyu Zhang Weigang Wang Jie Li Shuangliang Ma Chaofan Lian Kun Li Bo Shi Mingyuan Liu Yanyu Li QingQing Wang Yele Sun Shengrui Tong Maofa Ge State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(BNLMS)Chemistry Academy of Sciences Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Henan Environmental Monitoring Center Station Zhengzhou 450000China Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute(PSI)Villigen 5232Switzerland Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Department of Clinical Research Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan 250013China

A distinctive kind of organic carbon aerosol that could absorb ultraviolet-visible radiation is called brown carbon(Br C),which has an important positive influence on radiative budget and climate *** this work,we reported the absorption properties and potential source of Br C based on a seven-wavelength aethalometer in the winter of 2018–2019 at an urban site of Sanmenxia in Fenwei Plain in central ***,the mean value of Br C absorption coefficient was 59.6±36.0 Mm^(-1) at 370 nm and contributed 37.7%to total absorption,which made a significant impact on visibility and regional *** coefficients of Br C showed double-peak pattern,and Br C had shown small fluctuations under haze days compared with clean *** for the sources of Br C,Br C absorption coefficients expressed strong correlations with element carbon aerosols and primary organic carbon aerosols,indicating that most of Br C originated from primary *** linear correlations between trace metal elements(K,As,Fe,Mn,Zn,and Pb)and Br C absorption coefficients further referred that the major sources of Br C were primary emissions,like coal burning,biomass burning,and vehicle *** moderate relationship between Br C absorption coefficients and secondary organic aerosols suggested that secondary production of Br C also played an important *** 120 hr backward air mass trajectories analysis and concentration-weighted trajectories analysis were also used to investigate potential sources of Br C in and around this area,which inferred most parts of Br C were derived from local emissions.

关键词： Brown carbon light absorption Potential source analysis Fenwei Plain

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light absorption distribution of prostate tissue irradiated by diffusing light source

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Optoelectronics Letters 2015年第3期11卷 237-240页

作者：彭东青谢文明郭建唐嘉铭李志芳李晖 Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine Ministry of Education of China Fujian Pro- vincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering Fujian Normal Uni- versity Fuzhou 350007 China School of Science Jimei University Xiamen 361021 China School of Information Science and Engineering Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou 350118 China

Determination of light absorption distribution in the prostate tissue irradiated by diffusing light source is important for the treatment *** this paper,a three-dimensional(3D)optical model of human prostate is developed,and the light absorption distribution in the prostate tissue is estimated by Monte Carlo simulation *** distribution patterns including 3D distributions in the tissue model irradiated by two diffusing light sources are obtained and ***,the impacts of length and energy of cylinder diffusing light source on the irradiance volume are *** results will be significant for the nondestructive qualitative assessments of photodosimetry in biomedical phototherapy.

关键词： Electromagnetic wave absorption Intelligent systems light absorption light sources Monte Carlo methods Urology

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Spatial decoupling of light absorption and reaction sites in n-Si photocathodes for solar water splitting

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National Science Review 2021年第8期8卷 12-19页

作者： Shujie Wang Tuo Wang Bin Liu Huimin Li Shijia Feng Jinlong Gong School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education Tianjin University Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin) Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University

Metal-insulator-semiconductor(MIS) photocathodes offer a simple alternative to p-n junction photocathodes in photoelectrochemical water splitting. However, the parasitic light absorption of catalysts and metal layers in the MIS junction, as well as the lack of low work function metals to form a large band offset with p-Si, severely limit their performance. This paper describes an MIS photocathode fabricated from n-Si, rather than the commonly used p-Si, to spatially decouple light absorption from reaction sites, which enables the majority carriers, instead of the commonly used minority carriers, to drive the surface reaction,making it possible to place the reaction sites far away from the light absorption region. Thus, the catalysts could be moved to the backside of the MIS junction to avoid light shielding. Moreover, the adoption of n-Si unlocks a variety of high work function materials for photovoltage generation. The obtained n-Si MIS photocathode exhibits an applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of 10.26% with a stability up to 300 h.

关键词： photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting n-Si photocathode metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) junction light absorption reaction sites spatial decoupling

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Comparison of light absorption and oxidative potential of biodiesel/diesel and chemicals/diesel blends soot particles

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第1期32卷 184-193页

作者： Yu Kuang Yi Guo Jiaqi Chai Jing Shang Jiali Zhu Svetlana Stevanovic Zoran Ristovski State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineeringand Center for Environment and HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China International Laboratoryfor Air Quality&Health(ILAQH) School of ChemistryPhysics and Mechanical EngineeringQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD 4001Australia School of Engineering Faculty of Science Engineering&Built EnvironmentDe akin UniversityGeelong Waum Ponds CampusLocked Bag 20000GeelongVIC 3220Australia

Soot particles,mainly coming from fuel combustion,affect climate forcing through absorbing light and also result in adverse human health *** biodiesel or additives blending with diesel was considered environmentally friendly,the understanding on absorbing and oxidative capacity of soot emitted from them are still *** watersoluble organic carbon(WSOC)content,surface chemical structure,light absorption and oxidative potential(OPDTT)of soot from biodiesel/diesel and chemicals/diesel blends were investigated utilizing total organic carbon analyzer,X-ray photoelectron spectrometer,ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry and dithiothreitol(DTT)*** differences and correlations between soot properties were statistically ***/diesel blends soot owned significantly higher WSOC content,ratio of mass absorbing efficiency(MAE)in250 and 365 nm(E2/E3),OPDTT,and higher surface carbonyl *** biodiesel/diesel blends soot contained evidently higher aromatic carbon–oxygen single bond(ArC–O)content,and higher *** individual comparison of biodiesel/diesel blends showed20%coconut biodiesel blend owned the lowest WSOC,E2/E3 and OPDTT,while highest ArC–O and MAE365,representing strongest absorbing *** analysis showed OPDTTwas significantly positively correlated with ***,the evident negative correlation between MAE365 and OPDTT was *** results showed coconut biodiesel/diesel blends soot induced lower levels of oxidative potential,whereas absorption of light was higher,which have far reaching consequences on climate ***,it is important to evaluate the balance point between light-absorbing properties and oxidative potential,under the wide use of biodiesel.

关键词： Soot particle Biodiesel light absorption Mass absorbing efficiency Oxidative potential Dithiothreitol(DTT)

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Design and tailoring of patterned ZnO nanostructures for perovskite light absorption modulation

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第5期31卷 855-861页

作者： Haonan Si Xuan Zhao Qingliang Liao Yue Zhang Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices for Post-Moore Chips Ministry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Lithography is a pivotal micro/nanomanufacturing technique,facilitating performance enhancements in an extensive array of devices,encompassing sensors,transistors,and photovoltaic *** key to creating highly precise,multiscale-distributed patterned structures is the precise control of the lithography ***,high-quality patterned ZnO nanostructures are constructed by systematically tuning the exposure and development times during *** optimizing these parameters,ZnO nanorod arrays with line/hole arrangements are successfully *** ZnO nanostructures with highly controllable morphology and structure possess discrete three-dimensional space structure,enlarged surface area,and improved light capture ability,which achieve highly efficient energy conversion in perovskite solar *** lithography process management for these patterned ZnO nanostructures provides important guidance for the design and construction of complex nanostructures and devices with excellent performance.

关键词： lithography patterned ZnO nanorod arrays light absorption perovskite solar cell

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Carbonaceous aerosol transport from the Indo-Gangetic Plain to the Himalayas:Carbon isotope evidence and light absorption characteristics

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第2期14卷 105-115页

作者： Pengfei Chen Shichang Kang Chaoliu Li Zhaofu Hu Lekhendra Tripathee Mukesh Rai Tao Pu Xiufeng Yin Örjan Gustafsson State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Lanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Environmental Science The Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden The Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden

The Indo-Gangetic Plain(IGP)is a major regional and global emitter of atmospheric pollutants,which adversely affect surrounding areas such as the *** present a comprehensive dataset on carbonaceous aerosol(CA)composition,radiocarbon(D14C)-based source apportionment,and light absorption of total suspended particle(TSP)samples collected over a 3-year period from high-altitude Jomsom in the central *** 3-year mean TSP,organic carbon(OC),and elemental carbon(EC)concentrations were 92.0±28.6,9.74±6.31,and 2.02±1.35 lg m^(3),respectively,with the highest concentrations observed during the pre-monsoon season,followed by the post-monsoon,winter,and monsoon *** △^(14)C analysis revealed that the contribution of fossil fuel combustion(ffossil)to EC was 47.9%±11.5%,which is consistent with observations in urban and remote regions in South Asia and attests that EC likely arrives in Jomsom from upwind IGP sources via long-range *** addition,the lowest f_(fossil)(38.7%±13.3%)was observed in winter,indicating large contributions in this season from local biomass *** mass absorption cross-section of EC(MACEC:8.27±1.76 m^(2)/g)and watersoluble organic carbon(MACWSOC:0.98±0.45 m^(2)/g)were slightly higher and lower than those reported in urban regions,respectively,indicating that CA undergo an aging *** aerosol coating during transport and variation of biomass burning probably led to the seasonal variation in MAC of two ***,WSOC contributed considerably to the light absorption(11.1%±4.23%)of *** findings suggest that to protect glaciers of the Himalayas from pollution-related melting,it is essential to mitigate emissions from the IGP.

关键词： Carbonaceous aerosol Long-range transport Carbon isotope Source apportionment light absorption The Himalayas

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Concentrations and light absorption properties of PM_(2.5) organic and black carbon based on online measurements in Lanzhou, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第9期131卷 84-95页

作者： Pengfei Chen Shichang Kang Qinyi Gan Ye Yu Xianlei Yuan Yajun Liu Lekhendra Tripathee Xiaoxiang Wang Chaoliu Li State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Lanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesCASLanzhou 730000China Xinjiang Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture Meteorological Bureau Korla 841000China

To elucidate the variations in mass concentrations of organic carbon(OC)and black carbon(BC)in PM_(2.5) and their light absorption characteristics in Lanzhou,we conducted one-year online measurements by using a newly developed total carbon analyzer(TCA08)coupled with an aethalometer(AE33)from July 2018 to July *** mean OC and BC concentrations were 6.4±4.4 and 2.0±1.3μg/m^(3),*** seasonal variations were observed for both components,with winter having the highest concentrations,followed by autumn,spring,and *** diurnal variations of OC and BC concentrations were similar throughout the year,with daily two peaks occurring in the morning and evening,respectively.A relatively low OC/BC ratio(3.3±1.2,n=345)were observed,indicating that fossil fuel combustion was the primary source of the carbonaceous *** is further substantiated by relatively low biomass burning contribution(f_(biomass):27.1%±11.3%)to BC using aethalometer based measurement though f_(biomass) value which increased significantly in winter(41.6%±5.7%).We estimated a considerable brown carbon(BrC)contribution to the total absorption coefficient(b_(abs))at 370 nm(yearly average of 30.8%±11.1%),with a winter maximum of 44.2%±4.1%and a summer minimum of 19.2%±4.2%.Calculation of the wavelength dependence of total b_(abs) revealed an annual mean AAE_(370-520) value of 4.2±0.5,with slightly higher values in spring and *** mass absorption cross-section of BrC also exhibited higher values in winter,with an annual mean of 5.4±1.9 m^(2)/g,reflecting the impact of emissions from increased biomass burning on BrC concentrations.

关键词： Black carbon Brown carbon light absorption Source Lanzhou

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Seasonality of carbonaceous aerosol composition and light absorption properties in Karachi,Pakistan

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第4期32卷 286-296页

作者： Pengfei Chen Shichang Kang Chaman Gul Lekhendra Tripathee Xiaoxiang Wang Zhaofu Hu Chaoliu Li Tao Pu State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources(CAS)Lanzhou 730000ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchCASBeijing 100101China Reading Academy Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjingJiangsu210044China

Characteristics of carbonaceous aerosol(CA)and its light absorption properties are limited in Karachi,which is one of the most polluted metropolitan cities in South *** study presents a comprehensive measurement of seasonality of CA compositions and mass absorption cross-section(MAC)of elemental carbon(EC)and water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC)in total suspended particles(TSP)collected from February 2015 to March 2017 in the southwest part of *** average TSP,organic carbon(OC),and EC concentrations were extremely high with values as 391.0±217.0,37.2±28.0,and 8.53±6.97μg/m3,*** components showed clear seasonal variations with high concentrations occurring during fall and winter followed by spring and ***42-,NO3-,K+,and NH4+showed similar variations with CA,implying the significant influence on atmospheric pollutants from anthropogenic *** lower OC/EG ratio(4.20±2.50)compared with remote regions further indicates fossil fuel combustion as a primary source of ***,sea salt and soil dust are important contribution sources for *** average MAC of EC(632 nm)and WSOC(365 nm)were 6.56±2.70 and 0.97±0.37 m2/g,*** is comparable to that in urban areas but lower than that in remote regions,indicating the significant influence of local *** showed opposite distribution with EC,further suggesting that OC was significantly affected by local fossil fuel *** addition,dust might be an important factor increasing MACwsoc particularly during spring and summer.

关键词： Air pollution Organic carbon Elemental carbon light absorption Pakistan

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Using a stand-level model to predict light absorption in stands with vertically and horizontally heterogeneous canopies

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Forestry Studies in China 2014年第3期16卷 158-176页

作者： David I Forrester Ruben Guisasola Xiaolu Tang Axel T Albrecht Tran Lam Dong Guerric le Maire Chair of Silviculture Faculty of Environment and Natural ResourcesFreiburg University Chair of Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing Georg-August-Universitt Gttingen Forest Research Institute of Baden-Wrttemberg Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture(TIA) Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences Silviculture Research Institute CIRAD UMR Eco & Sols2 Place VialaMontpellier 34060France

Background： Forest ecosystem functioning is strongly influenced by the absorption of photosynthetically active radiation （APAR）, and therefore, accurate predictions of APAR are critical for many process-based forest growth models. The Lambert-Beer law can be applied to estimate APAR for simple homogeneous canopies composed of one layer, one species, and no canopy gaps. However, the vertical and horizontal structure of forest canopies is rarely homogeneous. Detailed tree-level models can account for this heterogeneity but these often have high input and computational demands and work on finer temporal and spatial resolutions than required by stand-level growth models. The aim of this study was to test a stand-level light absorption model that can estimate APAR by individual species in mixed-species and multi-layered stands with any degree of canopy openness including open-grown trees to closed canopies. Methods： The stand-level model was compared with a detailed tree-level model that has already been tested in mixed-species stands using empirical data. Both models were parameterised for five different forests, including a wide range of species compositions, species proportions, stand densities, crown architectures and canopy structures. Results： The stand-level model performed well in all stands except in the stand where extinction coefficients were unusually variable and it appears unlikely that APAR could be predicted in such stands using （tree- or stand-level） models that do not allow individuals of a given species to have different extinction coefficients, leaf-area density or analogous parameters. Conclusion： This model is parameterised with species-specific information about extinction coefficients and mean crown length, diameter, height and leaf area. It could be used to examine light dynamics in complex canopies and in stand-level growth models.

关键词： Complex forests Mixed-species Stand structure Extinction coefficient Lambert-Beer law light absorption

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Perfect light absorption in monolayer MoS;empowered by optical Tamm states

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Chinese Optics Letters 2021年第10期19卷 103-108页

作者： Yangwu Li Hua Lu Jiadeng Zheng Shichang Li Xiao Xuan Jianlin Zhao MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions Key Laboratory of Light-Field Manipulation and Information AcquisitionMinistry of Industry and Information Technologyand Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information TechnologySchool of Physical Science and TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710129China

We present the perfect light absorption of monolayer molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))in a dielectric multilayer system with two different Bragg *** results show that the strong absorption of visible light in monolayer MoS_(2) is attributed to the formation of optical Tamm states(OTSs)between two Bragg *** MoS_(2) absorption spectrum is dependent on the layer thickness of Bragg mirrors,incident angle of light,and the period numbers of Bragg ***,the nearly perfect light absorption(99.4%)of monolayer MoS_(2) can be achieved by choosing proper period numbers,which is well analyzed by the temporal coupled-mode theory.

关键词： optical Tamm states molybdenum disulfide light absorption

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