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licensing to Market with Logit Demand Functions

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Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(English Edition) 2009年第4期17卷 344-349页

作者：闫庆友朱丽丽 School of Business Administration North China Electric Power University

This paper studies the licensing of a brand innovation to a monopoly in an uncovered market characterized by a logit demand framework. The innovator is an outsider to the market and sells the license via fixed-fee, royalty or their combinations. It is shown that the license occurs irrespective of whether the utility of the new brand is improved or not, and that the optimal licensing policy for the innovator is fixed-fee only. Ultimately, the monopoly produces both the old and the new brand products, even in the case of utility-improving brand innovation. In addition, the incentive for the innovator was examined.

关键词： Product innovation licensing Utility Logit

Exploring health workforce regulation practices and gaps in Ethiopia:a national cross-sectional study

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Global Health Research and Policy 2019年第1期4卷 14-25页

作者： Daniel Dejene Tegbar Yigzaw Samuel Mengistu Firew Ayalew Manuel Kahsaye Damtew Woldemariam Jhpiego Kirkos SubcityPO Box 2881Code 1250 Addis AbabaEthiopia Individual consultant Addis AbabaEthiopia

Background:Health workforce regulation plays key roles in ensuring the availability of competent health workers and improving performance of the health *** 2010,Ethiopia established a national authority aiming to ensure competence and ethics of health ***,subnational regulators were established and regulatory frameworks were *** there were anecdotal reports of implementation gaps,there was lack of empirical evidence to corroborate the *** conducted a national study to explore health professional regulation practices and gaps focusing on registration,licensing,ethics,scope of practice,and continuing professional ***:We conducted a mixed methods cross-sectional survey using structured interview with a national representative sample of health professionals and key informant interviews with health regulators and *** used two stage stratified cluster sampling to select health *** quantitative data were subjected to descriptive and multivariable logistic regression *** conducted thematic analysis of the qualitative ***:We interviewed 554 health professionals in the quantitative *** 31 key informants participated in the qualitative *** one third of the respondents(32.5%)were not *** of them(72.8%)did not renew their *** one fifth of them(19.7%)did nothing against ethical breaches encountered during their clinical *** of them ever practiced beyond their scope limits(22.0%);and didn’t engage in CPD in the past 1 year(40.8%).Majority of them(97.8%)never identified their own CPD *** regulators and managers stressed that regulatory bodies had shortage of skilled staff,budget and infrastructure to enforce *** frameworks were not fully ***:Health professionals were not regulated well due to limited capacity of *** might have affected quality of patient *** en

关键词： Health professional regulation Registration licensing Ethics CPD SOP Ethiopia

Hydro Power in Norway- Development, Political Priorities and Public Opinion ——Lessons learned through mora than 100 years of developments

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Small Hydro Power News 2005年第81期22卷 20-22页

作者： Bjφm Wold Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate P.O.Box 5091MJ. N-0301 OSLO Norway.

The production of hydro power from its natural water resources has come to mean more to Norway than to possibly any other country in world. The right to utilize the falling water in the rivers belonged to whoever owned the adjacent ground. The acquisition of water rights is not allowed without a license from the government. Any development is also dependent on a governmental licence. Important conditions such as return of the property to the government without any compensation after 60 years, compulsory delivery of power at production cost and license fees to the local municipalities have been important incentives for the public and political acceptance of hydro power development in Norway during a long period of economic development. Today, Norway is a rich and materially well developed country, and there is no longer any acceptance for further hydro power development. Some of the remaining potential will be utilized for small-scale local developments, but most of it will be incorporated in governmental conservation plans.

关键词： Hydro power licensing public acceptance

NK cell education via nonclassical MHC and non-MHC ligands

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第4期14卷 321-330页

作者： Yuke He Zhigang Tian Institute of Immunology Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease of Chinese Academy of Science School of Life Sciences and Medical Center University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027 China Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases First Affiliated Hospital College of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003 China

Natural killer （NK） cell education, a process for achieving functional maturation and self-tolerance, has been previously defined by the interaction between self-major histocompatibility complex class I （MHC-I） molecules and their specific inhibitory receptors. Over the past several years, growing evidence has highlighted the important roles of nonclassical MHC-I and non-MHC-I molecules in NK cell education. Herein, we review the current knowledge of NK cell education, with a particular focus on nonclassical MHC-I- and non-MHC-I-dependent education, and compare them with the classical MHC-I-dependent education theory. In addition, we update and extend this theory by presenting the ＇Confining Model＇, discussing cis and trans characteristics, reassessing quantity and quality control, and elucidating the redundancy of NK cell education in tumor and virus infection.

关键词： education licensing natural killer cells nonclassical MHC non-MHC

Power Uprate and Lifetime Extension

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2011年第9期5卷 834-841页

作者： P. Schimann Z. Stosic Installed Base Engineering VGB AREVA NP GmbH Erlangen 91052 Germany R＆D Installed Base Engineering AREVA NP GmbH Erlangen 91052 Germany

Overall purpose of a power uprate and lifetime extension project （PLEX） is to modernize the power station cost-efficiently resulting in fulfilling the following overall requirements. The primary target is to meet the requirements provided by the local regulations from the regulatory offices. The controlling, monitoring and power supply of safety functions have to comply with these regulations. Any deviations from the existing safety analysis report （SAR） have to be corrected. On top of the safety measures the general technical status should be raised to extend the lifetime to 60 years. A high availability during the modernization has to be assured.

关键词： Power uprate PLEX licensing lifetime extension PSA reactor protection system IAEA NPP.

Al Qaeda Origins, Ideology, Goals and Future

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International Relations and Diplomacy 2019年第10期7卷 464-471页

作者： Thomas M.Fitzpatrick Husson University MaineUnited States

The purpose of this paper is to explore the origins,objectives,ideology,motivation,leadership structure,targets,strategies,tactics,and future of Al *** past nearly two decades have seen the degrading,destruction,and dispersing of Al Qaeda across the Middle East and Africa but it still *** 9/11 and the demise of Osama Bin Laden Al Qaeda has quietly worked at rebuilding itself across the globe using a franchising or licensing of affiliates across dozens of ***,it is essential that the study and analysis of this organization continue,so that it is finally destroyed and its ideas discredited and dismissed.

关键词： Al Qaeda jihadism terrorism Bin Laden al Zawahiri Salafism Wahabism licensing branding

Entry and technology transfer in a Cournot model

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Chinese Business Review 2010年第10期9卷 12-19页

作者： Yutian Chen Debapriya Sen Department of Economics California State University Long Beach 90840 USA Department of Economics Ryerson University Toronto M5B 2K3 Canada

This work studies entry and technology transfer in a Cournot model where there are two domestic firms. A foreign firm has a patent on a technological innovation that reduces the costs of all firms. The foreign firm can license the innovation to one or both domestic firms. The authors consider two standard licensing policies：（1） auction policy and （2） unit royalty policy. The foreign firm can license the innovation either by staying outside the domestic market, or it can enter the market, license the innovation and compete with the domestic firms. The authors show that （1） when the foreign firm stays outside, it is never optimal for it to use royalties, （2） if it licenses the innovation by entering the industry, then royalties could be optimal and （3） when it decides on its entry strategy by taking its optimal licensing policies into account, it always finds it optimal to enter the domestic market.

关键词： licensing Cournot competition entry

License to Mine: A Comparison of the Scope of the Environmental Assessment in Sweden, Finland and Russia

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Natural Resources 2015年第4期6卷 237-255页

作者： Maria Pettersson Anniina Oksanen Tatiana Mingaleva Victor Petrov Vladimir Masloboev Department of Social Sciences Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden Faculty of Law University of Lapland Rovaniemi Finland Institute of Industrial Ecology Problems in the North Kola Science Centre Russian Academy of Science Apatity Russia

The regulatory framework for mining operations is complex;the licensing process in particular typically involves several laws and a number of permits. This paper assumes that the regulatory framework is strongly influenced by the institutional framework of which it is part, and that it suffers from an institutional path dependence that may decrease the efficiency of the system as well as act barrier to the implementation of necessary environmental requirements. The paper provides: 1) a legal analysis of the regulatory framework governing mining operations in Sweden, Finland and Russia;and 2) a comparative analysis of the scope of the environmental assessment within the licensing process in the examined countries. The result of the analysis of the regulatory frameworks shows great similarity between the Swedish and the Finnish systems, both in terms of the overall structure and the implementation of substantive environmental rules. The Russian system differs in this respect, with more declarative rules and seemingly less substantive assessments. The results also indicate that the regulatory frameworks in all three countries show signs of institutional path dependence, but in very different degrees. Though Russia has indeed implemented major changes in the formal structure, very little has changed in practice. The Swedish regulatory framework for mining shows a deficient systematics and conflicting objectives, despite the implementation of a comprehensive environmental legislation. The recently reformed Finnish system seems to have a more holistic approach.

关键词： Legal Framework licensing Process Environmental Law EIA Mining Industry Institutional Framework Path Dependence

Severe obstructive sleep apnea and long distance truck driving: A case report

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2012年第2期2卷 157-161页

作者： Lisa N. Sharwood Jane Elkington Mark Stevenson Soufiane Boufous Keith K. Wong Accident Research Centre Monash University Melbourne Australia Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Unit Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney Australia The George Institute for Global Health Sydney Australia

Introduction: Untreated sleep disorders can increase driver crash risk by up to 7 fold, and truck drivers have a variety of risk factors for sleep disorders. Measures currently used to identify drivers at risk depend predominantly on the ability of the driver to identify and report themselves as sleepy. Methods: This case report presents a 54 year old long distance truck driver who participated in a case-control study, underwent at home breathing monitoring and was followed up with an in-depth interview. Results: Self-reported measures did not identify this driver as at risk of sleepiness or sleep apnea;yet he was subsequently diagnosed with severe sleep apnea using an at home monitor and polysomnography. Conclusions: Self-assessment of risk factors is insufficient as a screen for sleep apnea. General practitioners are in an ideal position to identify potential sleep apnea sufferers and can initiate the enquiry process that leads to diagnostic testing.

关键词： Sleepiness Obstructive Sleep Apnea Truck Driver licensing Risk