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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2012年第3期7卷 454-473页

作者： Cruoqiang Luo Institute of International Law Wuhan University Wuhan China

Facing the dilemma on the recourse for Chinese cultural relics pillaged overseas, China shall get a clear understanding of the international legal situation, strengthen international communication and promote international compromise. Based on this foundation, China shah take rational, beneficial and moderate legal actions to uphold and protect national rights. The recourse on the ground of international custom has been deemed as a failure by the view of the majority; the recourse in a foreign court will almost certainly encounter numerous obstacles in law that are very difficult to deal with, and the recourse in a national court will not only achieve the expected goals but also raise considerable disadvantages. If China hopes to retrieve the pillaged cultural relics by means of international treaty, it is necessary for China to conclude special agreements with relative states. The latter shah exercise best efforts to recover the cultural relics and return them to China at the expense of Chinese tax payers.

关键词： legal issues

Current issues in Software Re-Usability: A Critical Review of the Methodological &legal issues

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2020年第9期13卷 206-217页

作者： Tariq Saeed Department of Information Science College of Computer Science and Engineering Taibah University Madinah Almunwarah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The main objective of this research is to discuss the current legal and methodological issues in the field of software Re-Usability. Though there are enormous online forums discussing such issues via Q&A but this paper is an attempt to raise the awareness about the legal issues, which a software engineer may trap into. The paper discussed the current issues with software reusability within the legal and methodological context. This paper applied an extensive literature review to critically appraise the past studies to come to a collective conclusion. Prior to discussing the issues, the benefits of reuse were mentioned, including the saving of time and cost for users. But legally the reuse of software assets creates complexities for the user in relation to meeting all the licensing requirements and dealing with the liability in case of a breach. Methodologically, there are major barriers to reused software when it comes to technical competence and managerial issues such as a lack of resources. Even when reusing software to save time, and leverage off the specialization of other authors, the end-user must also have the technical expertise to search, adapt and merge these reusable assets into the larger software infrastructure. The review ultimately shows the high barriers still remain to software reuse which could mean that smaller developers and businesses will still be reluctant to fully utilize open-source components to the best advantage.

关键词： Software Engineering Software Re-Usability legal issues Methodological issues

Research on legal issues in the Transformation of Research Achievements by University Faculty:A Study of the Experience of Universities in Silicon Valley,USA,and the Status Quo of Transformation of Research Achievements in Chitosan Bioactive Materials in China

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Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 2024年第11期8卷 187-193页

作者： Linyin Yan Yu Zhang Huigen Luo Decai Dai Yanqiang Li Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering School of Chemical and Materials EngineeringHainan Vocational University of Science and TechnologyHaikou 570100Hainan ProvinceChina Wanxi High School Luan 237000Anhui ProvinceChina

This paper aims to delve into the legal issues surrounding the transformation of scientific research achievements by university faculty,with a special focus on legal protection and incentive mechanisms during the transformation *** analyzing the experience of universities in Silicon Valley,USA,in promoting research transformation,including relevant legislation,university policies,and legal safeguards,as well as strategies to maximize the willingness of both universities and faculty for transformation,this paper distills the current successful legal ***,it examines the status quo of the transformation of research achievements in chitosan bioactive materials for medical applications in China,analyzes existing legal deficiencies and urgent issues,and proposes corresponding solutions and recommendations.

关键词： University faculty Transformation of scientific research achievements legal issues Chitosan bioactive materials Medical field legal protection

The economic contribution of fish and fish trade in Bangladesh

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2020年第4期5卷 174-181页

作者： MdMostafa Shamsuzzaman Mohammad Mojibul Hoque Mozumder Sabrina Jannat Mitu Abu Faisal Ahamad Md.Sumon Bhyuian Department of Coastal and Marine Fisheries Faculty of FisheriesSylhet Agricultural UniversitySylhet3100Bangladesh Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science(HELSUS) Doctoral Programme in Interdisciplinary Environmental Science(DENVI)Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiFinland

Bangladesh possesses a large wetland area comprising diversified fisheries *** and fisheries are an integral part of Bangladesh and have earned its importance due to immense export and revenue *** objective of this study was to investigate the trend of fish production,export and import of Bangladesh during the last two *** reviews of the literature were done,numerical data was obtained from the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock(MoFL),Department of Fisheries(DOF),Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics(BBS).The results showed that fish production has increased in Bangladesh during the last two decades,starting from 17.81 lakh metric tons in 2000–01 and reaching up to 41.34 lakh metric tons in 2016–*** to the gradual decline in capture fishery,a significant percentage of total production comes from ***(Tenualosa ilisha)is the largest single-species fishery in Bangladesh which makes the highest contribution to the country's total fish *** of the fish commodity in terms of quantity and value has declined in recent years due to food quality and safety *** study has highlighted the contribution of fisheries production in Bangladesh and trade to the country's *** paying more attention to the fisheries sector,Bangladesh can boost up its economy.

关键词： Fisheries resources Inland and marine fisheries legal issues Export and import SDGs

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WTO与绿色壁垒：若干法律问题分析

Why Should We Bother on Measurement in Wastewater Treatment Operation?

外贸经济、国际贸易 2002年第3期 83-89页

作者：朱晓勤

绿色壁垒由于在客观上形成一种市场准入的障碍，易引发国际贸易争端。世贸组织协议中的“环保例外权”是其产生的法律依据，但有关条文规定存在一些缺陷，使绿色壁垒常被滥用。从进口国的动机来看，绿色壁垒有正当与不正当之分。实践... 详细信息

绿色壁垒由于在客观上形成一种市场准入的障碍，易引发国际贸易争端。世贸组织协议中的“环保例外权”是其产生的法律依据，但有关条文规定存在一些缺陷，使绿色壁垒常被滥用。从进口国的动机来看，绿色壁垒有正当与不正当之分。实践中发达国家口惠而实不至，使绿色壁垒给发展中国家带来的更多的是消极影响。我国作为发展中国家，在入世以后，既应主动创造和善于利用良好的外部环境，也应积极推动国内经贸领域环保事业的发展，以化壁垒为通途。比较优势的，两条并行不悖PP

关键词：绿色壁垒法律问题发展中国家 green barrier legal issues developing country

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2016年第11期8卷 982-989页

作者： Stig Morling Sweco Environment AB Stockholm Sweden

The question of wastewater treatment and control is reflected from a very specific viewpoint: the low priority given to accurate and useful measurements within wastewater treatment. The matter is discussed from four various perspectives, that may be labelled “legal understanding”;“Needs for accurate measurement results already in the planning and design stage”;“The measurement problem and human behaviour”;“The understanding of the short term and long term dynamics and changes in pollution and flow loads on a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)”. All these aspects bring about much improved needs for an accurate and frequent measurement scheme both for pollutants and flows entering a WWTP. The conclusion is stated as follows: A far more and well elaborated on-line measurement system at the plants would become a needed tool for improved water environment protection at lower costs.

关键词： Measurement legal issues On-Line Instruments Nitrogen Sludge Systems WWTP (Wastewater Treatment Plant)

A Comparison of Three Surrogacy Agreement Cases Using AHP

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Chinese Business Review 2011年第2期10卷 152-156页

作者： Cynthia L. Knott Susanne Bruno Ninassi Alyson Eisenhardt Marymount University Arlington USA

This paper builds on the previous work of Knott, Ninassi and Eisenhardt＇s 2009 paper, ＂Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） to Look at the Tradeoffs Among Stakeholders in the Case of Surrogacy, when the Initial Intention of the Parties Involved Change After the Pregnancy Has Ensued＂. This paper proposes a new methodology for analyzing cases involving stakeholders in disputed surrogacy arrangement. The methodology utilized is the Analytic Hierarchy Process, which allows users to weigh different criteria based on their own opinions and background. Three case studies involved a surrogacy arrangement among three stakeholders： the biological mother, the biological father and the surrogate mother. The base for the model was that all parties had entered into an agreement, and that after the agreement had been made, a situation changed, such that a decision as to who had parental rights over the fetus became an issue. The criteria used in the decision making process in the three case studies were legal, health and ethical. The criteria differed based upon each stakeholder＇s point of view. In this paper, the three models were developed using the AI-tP methodology and judgments were gathered for each of the three cases to derive the priorities for the criteria in each model. Each author took the role of one of the three stakeholders.

关键词： the analytic hierarchy process surrogacy legal issues ethical issues health issues decision making model

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“一带一路”战略下过境自由的法律问题研究

国际法学 2016年第7期

作者：王淑敏

格劳秀斯的海洋自由理论已演变为GATT等诸多国际条约中的过境自由，是助推“一带一路”下“贸易畅通”和“道路联通”的国际法依据。另一方面，发达国家发起的《反假冒贸易协定》不容小觑，其试图突破TRIPS的过境管辖底限，成为“一带... 详细信息

格劳秀斯的海洋自由理论已演变为GATT等诸多国际条约中的过境自由，是助推“一带一路”下“贸易畅通”和“道路联通”的国际法依据。另一方面，发达国家发起的《反假冒贸易协定》不容小觑，其试图突破TRIPS的过境管辖底限，成为“一带一路”的隐患。WTO成员与非成员订立“一带一路”区域性过境协定时，面临着是否符合GATT最惠国待遇之例外原则的质疑。此外欧盟成员及欧盟法院的判例均引用过“制造假定”理论，授予过境国海关扣押过境货物的权力。为抵消上述影响，在WTO框架下签订开放度极高的区域性过境自由协定，提升中国在TRIPS理事会的地位，全面履行《贸易便利化协议》议定书，签订更多的双、多边过境条约，才是未雨绸缪的良策。

关键词： “一带一路” 过境自由法律问题 One Belt,One Road freedom of goods in transit legal issues

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低碳时代的企业环境责任立法问题研究