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Thermal Analysis and Identification of Potential Fire-proof Energy Building Material Based on Artificial leather

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Journal of Thermal Science 2019年第1期28卷 88-96页

作者： MA Yujie DANG Xugang SHAN Zhihua The Key Laboratory of leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University

Artificial leather fire-proof materials have obtained a good market due to stable production quality and low production price. Three kinds of artificial leather materials(polyvinyl chloride artificial leather(PVC), polyurethane artificial leather(PU) and polyurethane/polyvinyl chloride artificial leather(PU/PVC)) have been investigated, and then seven analysis methods were introduced to identify the materials. Thermo-gravimetric analysis indicated the materials had fine thermal stability. Fire-proof testing revealed the artificial leather materials had good flame retardancy, which could improve the applicability of fire-proof building materials. Tearing examination results indicated that there was a clear distinction between PVC and PU. The PU displayed significant differences compared with PVC or PVC/PU through pH indicator to observe the color of the pyrolysis gas aqueous solution. The dissolution tests results showed that cyclohexanone, dichloromethane and dimethylformamide(DMF) were efficient solvents that could be used for identifying PVC, PU and PU/PVC. The ATR-FTIR, a way to provide the high discriminating ability for identifying artificial leathers, indicated that the artificial leathers had different infrared characteristic peaks. In addition, the main compositive materials of the artificial leathers could be inferred by the relative contents analysis of N and Cl in artificial leathers.

关键词： polyvinyl chloride polyurethane artificial leather identification ATR-FTIR

CNT@leather-based electronic bidirectional pressure sensor

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2020年第10期63卷 2137-2146页

作者： CHEN Yuan Yuan XIE RuiJie ZOU BingHua LIU YiHan ZHANG Kang LI Sheng ZHENG Bing ZHANG WeiNa WU JianSheng HUO Feng Wei Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(KLOFE)&Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) Nanjing Tech University(NanjingTech)Nanjing 211816China

The ability of perceiving external pressures and conducting corresponding signals is one of the important functions of flexible electronics,which has been widely studied in electronic skin,prosthetics,robotics,healthcare,human-machine interfaces,*** sensor should not be limited to the detection of unidirectional ***,a leather-based electronic pressure sensor and corresponding arrays with bidirectional sensing capability are *** sensor/arrays consisting of two pieces of stacked leather both modified with acidified carbon nanotubes(a-CNTs)can achieve multi-level response to pressure over a broad working range and sense pulling force opposite to *** polyurethane mixed with ferriferrous oxide(Fe3O4)powder being applied to their upper surface,the resistive sensor/individual units of arrays can also detect the magnetic field because of the contactless pulling force generated by the magnetized *** able to sense pressure,pulling force and magnetic field,the leather-based electronic bidirectional pressure sensor and corresponding arrays with good performance not only exhibit potential for mass production and their broad application prospects,but also provide a new insight for the development of flexible electronics.

关键词： flexible electronics leather bidirectional detection pressing/pulling force magnetic field sensing

Covalent and Ionic Bonding between Tannin and Collagen in leather Making and Shrinking:A MALDI-ToF Study

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2021年第8期9卷 1345-1364页

作者： Antonio Pizzi LERMAB-ENSTIB University of LorraineEpinal88000France

Collagen powder hydrolysates were reacted with a solution of commercial mimosa bark tannin *** mixture was prepared at ambient temperature and prepared at 80°C to determine what reactions,if any,did occur between the collagen protein through its amino acids and the polyphenolic condensed *** reaction products obtained were analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight(MALDI ToF)mass *** between the two materials did appear to occur,with the formation of a relatively small proportion of covalent and ionic linkages at ambient temperature but a considerable proportion of covalent linkages tannin-protein amino acids and the disappearance of ionic *** linkages between the two materials appeared to be by amination of the phenolic–OHs of the tannin by the amino groups of the non-skeletal side chains of arginine,and by esterification by the–COOH groups of glutamic and aspartic acid of the aliphatic alcohol-OH on the C3 site of the flavonoid units heterocycle of the *** proportion of covalent linkages increases markedly and predominate with increasing *** tightening of the tannin-protein covalent network formed may be an additional contributing factor both to leather wear resistance and performance as well to leather shrinking when this is subjected to excessive temperatures.

关键词： leather collagen vegetal tannins tanning tannin-protein reactions covalent bonds leather cross-linking leather shrinkage MALDI

MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF NATURAL COW leather IN TENSION

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2009年第1期22卷 37-44页

作者： Zheng Li Denis Paudecerf Jiashi Yang Department of Mechanics and Engineering Sciences Peking University Beijing 100872 China Institut Superieur de l＇Automobile et du Transport University of Burgundy France Department of Engineering Mechanics University of Nebraska Lincoln NE 68588 USA

We study experimentally the microstructure and mechanical behavior of natural cow leather. Tensile tests are performed using leather strips to observe their deformation, creep and failure. It is found that the microstructure of cow leather is a layered, complicated network of fibers of different sizes from a few to a few hundreds of nanometers in diameter. They show nonlinear stress-strain relations and viscoelastic behavior. The effect of humidity is also examined. A simple theoretical model of a multilayered beam is proposed to describe the most basic behavior in tension.

关键词： leather tensile test viscoelasticity

High performance strain sensor based on leather activated by micro-cracking conductive layer

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Collagen and leather 2023年第4期5卷 76-87页

作者： Jianzhong Ma Zhijie Cheng Sha Tan Tian Zheng Yan Zong College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'an 710021China Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials Xi'an 710021China Materials Characterization and Fabrication Platform Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleMelbourne 3010Australia

Flexible strain sensors are capable to detect external force induced strain change owing to their unique ability to convert deformation into electrical ***,micro/nano patterning of conductive layer in strain sensor is an effective method to improve its sensitivity,however the sophisticated manipulation process is limited only in laboratory *** this report,a simple and scalable fabrication strategy was used to create micro-cracking conductive layer as an alternative patterning method to achieve high performance of strain *** details,the sensor was fabricated using leather as the substrate to filtrated acidified multi-walled carbon nanotubes(a-MWCNTs)/layered double hydroxides(LDHs)*** stretching process,micro-cracking structure emerged on the percolated a-MWCNTs/LDHs layer,causing a rise up of resistance according to increasing strain and generated a detectable electrical *** prepared sensor had a large detecting range(60%),high sensitivity(GF of 7238.92 at strain 30-60%),fast response(tensile response time of 270 ms),good stability and *** sensor also inherited the advantages of leather,such as biodegradability and good air permeability,and the introduction of a-MWCNTs/LDHs further enhanced its fire retardancy *** features ensured the sensor as an eco-friendly,comfortable and safe electronic device for human motion detection.

关键词： a-MWCNTs LDHs leather Flexible strain sensor

An approach towards identification of leather from leather-like polymeric material using FTIR-ATR technique

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Collagen and leather 2023年第4期6卷 67-75页

作者： Priya Narayanan Sreeram Kalarical Janardhanan Central leather Research Institute-CSIR AdyarChennai 600020India

leather,a by-product of the meat industry,has unique strength,elasticity,water vapor permeability,resistance to abrasion,durability,and *** the background of ISO 15115:2019,the authenticity of leather has become a subject matter of *** is a need to distinguish leather(animal origin)from other leather-like materials derived from fossil fuel(PU,faux leather,etc.)and agro-product-driven vegan materials,which are also sold in the market as *** this purpose,this work relies on the signature FTIR bands of collagen(the skin-making protein)as a starting point to distinguish between animal origin and rest.A detailed investigation of all types of materials used in lifestyle products has been carried out to assess the boundary lines of this *** is reasonably concluded that the signature AmideⅠ,Ⅱ,andⅢbands of collagen occurring at 1600,1500,and 1200 cm^(-1)could serve as the first line to distinguish against all materials other than nylon and in the case of nylon,and the Amide A band at 3200 cm^(-1),forms the basis for differentiation from *** essence,the FTIR spectra can be used as a robust,easy and unambiguous technique to distinguish leather from leather-like materials currently available on the market.

关键词： leather Synthetic leather-like polymeric material Non-destructive Collagen FTIR-ATR

Heat development at the knife roller during leather shaving

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Journal of leather Science and Engineering 2021年第1期3卷 202-212页

作者： Tilman Witt Anke Mondschein Jens-Peter Majschak Michael Meyer Chair of Processing Machines and Processing Technology Technische Universitat Dresden01062 DresdenGermany Forschungsinstitut fur Leder und Kunststoffbahnen(FILK)gGmbH MeißnerRing 1-509599 FreibergGermany

leather,which is regularly tanned from whole hides of up to 5 m 2,needs a constant thickness over the entire surface in order to be processed into high-quality consumer goods such as shoes,furniture and car *** adjustment of the thickness is achieved by *** an industrial scale,rotating knife rollers are used to remove chips from the flesh side of semi-finished leathers whereby adjusting the specified thickness and generating a smooth *** must be taken to prevent the temperature from rising above the denaturation temperature of the leather during shaving in order to avoid any loss of *** this,temperature rise is always a sign of friction showing avoidable energy *** order to localize the source of friction during shaving,actual temperature development at the roller knife is *** measuring methods are used to evaluate the temperature increase at the blade roll of the shaving *** finite element method is used to thermally simulate the *** temperatures,the geometry of the blade roll and process data are taken into account for modelling the temperature development close to the blade *** obtained results enhance the understanding of temperature generating processes during machine operation and allow conclusions about potential improvements in the design of the machine and blades.

关键词： leather Shaving Knife roller Transient thermal simulation

Synthesis of sulfonated Sesamum indicum *** oil and its application as a fatliquor in leather processing

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Journal of leather Science and Engineering 2021年第1期3卷 179-191页

作者： Adachukwu N.Nkwor Pius O.Ukoha Ikhazuagbe H.Ifijen Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike lkwoP.M.B 1010AbakalikiEbonyi StateNigeria Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry University of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu State 410001Nigeria Department of Research Operation Rubber Research Institute of NigeriaP.M.B.1049Benin-CityNigeria.

Fatliquor is an oil-in-water emulsion that improves the physical properties of leather such as tensile strength,flexibility,and softness by lubricating the leather *** Sesamum indicum oil was synthesized,characterized,and examined for consideration as a substitute for imported fatliquor in *** sulfonation of the oil was confirmed by the significant observations made in the FTIR,1 H NMR,13 C NMR,and 13 C NMR DEPT analysis results.A remarkable difference was observed in the physicochemical properties results of both unsulfonated and sulfonated *** sulfonated sesame fatliquor was applied onto goatskin and compared with a commercial sulfated fatliquor in the processing of shoe upper leather using standard *** average results for tensile strength,double edge tear,elongation,and softness results for the commercial and synthesized fatliquors are as follows:14.27 N/mm^(2);13.77 N/mm^(2),50.61N;60.11 N,38.06%;54.28%,25.2;25.0.A comparable level of lubrication of the leather treated with the sulfonated Sesamum indicum oil and that treated with the commercial leather fatliquor was revealed by the Sudan IV stain test as well as scanning electron microscopy analysis *** analyses,therefore,show that the as-synthesized sulfonated Sesamum indicum oil could be considered as a substitute for imported fatliquor in the leather industry.

关键词： Characterisation Fatliquor leather Sesamum indicum Sulfonation Vegetable oil

Optimization and application of UVC irradiation for prevention of fungal biodeterioration of vegetable tanned and chrome tanned leather

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Journal of leather Science and Engineering 2022年第2期4卷 380-393页

作者： Eshita Jhahan Subarna Bhattacharyya Anirban Chaudhuri Nirmal Sarkar Shaheen Akhtar Punarbasu Chaudhuri School of Environmental Studies Jadavpur UniversityKolkata 700032India Department of Environmental Science University of CalcuttaKolkataIndia.

UV-C irradiation critically effects the growth of micro-fungi and also deteriorate leather materials. In the present study vegetable tanned and chrome tanned leather were infected with pure cultures of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus, which were isolated from stored leather materials. UV-C light (λ = 254 nm) was applied on infected leather for 15 and 60 min. The changes in leather qualities were examined through weight, tensile strength, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study after 15 and 30 days of fungal inoculation. Vegetable tanned leather was more vulnerable in case of fungal attack than chrome tanned leather while A. flavus showed more influence on leather deterioration than A. niger. The results showed that weight loss after 30 days for 15 and 60 min irradiation exposure was 1.3% compared to A. flavus infected leather (3.93%). The tensile strength of vegetable and chrome tanned UV irradiated leather was increased by 44% and 7% respectively. The scanning electron microscopic images exhibit the limited presence of conidiophores in UV-C exposed leather which confirmed the potentiality of irradiation for controlling fungal growth. The infrared spectral analysis of UV-C exposed infected leather samples showed neither shifting of wavenumber nor displacement of any functional groups. Alto-gether the efficacy of UV-C irradiation against biodeterioration of leather was concluded to be effective. This method can be used to control fungal growth without compromising the leather quality.

关键词： Aspergillus Biodeterioration leather SEM Tensile strength UV-C