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Functional divergences of natural variations of TaNAM-A1 in controlling leaf senescence during wheat grain filling

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1242-1260页

作者： Longxi Zhou Guowei Chang Chuncai Shen Wan Teng Xue He Xueqiang Zhao Yanfu Jing Zhixiong Huang Yiping Tong Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation Institute of Genetics and Developmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences The Innovative Academy of Seed Design Chinese Academy of Sciences

leaf senescence is an essential physiological process related to grain yield potential and nutritional quality. Green leaf duration(GLD) after anthesis directly reflects the leaf senescence process and exhibits large genotypic differences in common wheat; however, the underlying gene regulatory mechanism is still lacking. Here,we identified TaNAM-A1 as the causal gene of the major loci q GLD-6A for GLD during grain filling by map-based cloning. Transgenic assays and TILLING mutant analyses demonstrated that TaNAM-A1 played a critical role in regulating leaf senescence, and also affected spike length and grain size. Furthermore, the functional divergences among the three haplotypes of TaNAM-A1 were systematically evaluated. Wheat varieties with TaNAM-A1d(containing two mutations in the coding DNA sequence of TaNAM-A1) exhibited a longer GLD and superior yield-related traits compared to those with the wild type TaNAM-A1a. All three haplotypes were functional in activating the expression of genes involved in macromolecule degradation and mineral nutrient remobilization,with TaNAM-A1a showing the strongest activity and TaNAM-A1d the weakest. TaNAM-A1 also modulated the expression of the senescencerelated transcription factors TaNAC-S-7A and TaNAC016-3A. TaNAC016-3A enhanced the transcriptional activation ability of TaNAM-A1a by protein–protein interaction, thereby promoting the senescence process. Our study offers new insights into the fine-tuning of the leaf functional period and grain yield formation for wheat breeding under various geographical climatic conditions.

关键词： allelic variation leaf senescence map-based cloning TaNAM-A1 transcription factor Triticum aestivum

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AtVQ25 promotes salicylic acid-related leaf senescence by fine-tuning the self-repression of AtWRKY53

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1126-1147页

作者： Qi Tan Mingming Zhao Jingwei Gao Ke Li Mengwei Zhang Yunjia Li Zeting Liu Yujia Song Xiaoyue Lu Zhengge Zhu Rongcheng Lin Pengcheng Yin Chunjiang Zhou Geng Wang Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell BiologyHebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology College of Life Sciences Hebei Normal University College of Chemical Engineering Shijiazhuang University Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences

Most mechanistic details of chronologically ordered regulation of leaf senescence are unknown.Regulatory networks centered on AtWRKY53 are crucial for orchestrating and integrating various senescence-related signals. Notably, AtWRKY53binds to its own promoter and represses transcription of AtWRKY53, but the biological significance and mechanism underlying this selfrepression remain unclear. In this study, we identified the VQ motif-containing protein AtVQ25as a cooperator of AtWRKY53. The expression level of AtVQ25 peaked at mature stage and was specifically repressed after the onset of leaf senescence. AtVQ25-overexpressing plants and atvq25 mutants displayed precocious and delayed leaf senescence, respectively. Importantly, we identified AtWRKY53 as an interacting partner of AtVQ25. We determined that interaction between AtVQ25 and AtWRKY53 prevented AtWRKY53from binding to W-box elements on the AtWRKY53promoter and thus counteracted the selfrepression of AtWRKY53. In addition, our RNA-sequencing data revealed that the AtVQ25-AtWRKY53 module is related to the salicylic acid(SA) pathway. Precocious leaf senescence and SA-induced leaf senescence in AtVQ25-overexpressing lines were inhibited by an SA pathway mutant, atsid2, and Nah G transgenic plants; AtVQ25-overexpressing/atwrky53 plants were also insensitive to SA-induced leaf senescence. Collectively, we demonstrated that AtVQ25 directly attenuates the self-repression of AtWRKY53 during the onset of leaf senescence,which is substantially helpful for understanding the timing of leaf senescence onset modulated by AtWRKY53.

关键词： AtWRKY53 leaf senescence salicylic acid transcriptional regulation VQ motif-containing proteins

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Synergistic effects of planting density and nitrogen fertilization on chlorophyll degradation and leaf senescence after silking in maize

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 605-613页

作者： Tianqiong Lan Lunjing Du Xinglong Wang Xiaoxu Zhan Qinlin Liu Gui Wei Chengcheng Lyu Fan Liu Jiaxu Gao Dongju Feng Fanlei Kong Jichao Yuan Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecologyand Cultivation SouthwestMinistry of AgricultureSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chongqing 401329China College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina

Regulating planting density and nitrogen(N)fertilization could delay chlorophyll(Chl)degradation and leaf senescence in maize cultivars.This study measured changes in ear leaf green area(GLA_(ear)),Chl content,the activities of Chl a-degrading enzymes after silking,and the post-silking dry matter accumulation and grain yield under multiple planting densities and N fertilization rates.The dynamic change of GLA_(ear)after silking fitted to the logistic model,and the GLA_(ear) duration and the GLAearat 42 d after silking were affected mainly by the duration of the initial senescence period(T_(1))which was a key factor of the leaf senescence.The average chlorophyllase(CLH)activity was 8.3 times higher than pheophytinase activity and contributed most to the Chl content,indicating that CLH is a key enzyme for degrading Chl a in maize.Increasing density increased the CLH activity and decreased the Chl content,T1,GLAear,and GLA_(ear) duration.Under high density,appropriate N application reduced CLH activity,increased Chl content,prolonged T1,alleviated high-density-induced leaf senescence,and increased post-silking dry matter accumulation and grain yield.

关键词： Density Nitrogen fertilization leaf senescence Chlorophyll-degrading enzyme Logistic model

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Rice ONAC016 promotes leaf senescence through abscisic acid signaling pathway involving OsNAP

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The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 709-720页

作者： Eunji Gi Sung-Hwan Cho Suk-Hwan Kim Kiyoon Kang Nam-Chon Paek Department of Agriculture Forestry and BioresourcesPlant Genomics and Breeding InstituteResearch Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Division of Life Sciences Incheon National UniversityIncheon 22012Republic of Korea

senescence-induced NAC(senNAC)TFs play a crucial role in senescence during the final stage of leaf development.In this study,we identified a rice senNAC,ONAC016,which functions as a positive regulator of leaf senescence.The expression of ONAC016 increased rapidly in rice leaves during the progression of dark-induced and natural senescence.The onac016-1 knockout mutant showed a delayed leaf yellowing phenotype,whereas the overexpression of ONAC016 accelerated leaf senescence.Notably,ONAC016 expression was upregulated by abscisic acid(ABA),and thus detached leaves of the onac016-1 mutant remained green much longer under ABA treatment.Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that ONAC016 upregulates the genes associated with chlorophyll degradation,senescence,and ABA signaling.Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays revealed that ONAC016 binds directly to the promoter regions of OsNAP,a key gene involved in chlorophyll degradation and ABA-induced senescence.Taken together,these results suggest that ONAC016 plays an important role in promoting leaf senescence through the ABA signaling pathway involving OsNAP.

关键词： Rice ONAC016 OsNAP leaf senescence Abscisic acid signaling

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CLE14 functions as a "brake signal" to suppress age-dependent and stress-induced leaf senescence by promoting JUB1-mediated ROS scavenging in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2022年第1期15卷 179-188页

作者： Zenglin Zhang Cheng Liu Kui Li Xiaoxu Li Mengmeng Xu Yongfeng Guo Tobacco Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQingdaoShandong 266101China

leaf senescence is an important developmental process in the plant life cycle and has a significant impact on agriculture.When facing harsh environmental conditions,monocarpic plants often initiate early leaf senes-cence as an adaptive mechanism to ensure a complete life cycle.Upon initiation,the senescence process is fine-tuned through the coordination of both positive and negative regulators.Here,we report that the small secreted peptide CLAVATA3/ESR-RELATED 14(CLE14)functions in the suppression of leaf senescence by regulating ROS homeostasis in Arabidopsis.Expression of the CLE14-encoding gene in leaves was signifi-cantly induced by age,high salinity,abscisic acid(ABA),salicylic acid,and jasmonic acid.CLE14 knockout plants displayed accelerated progression of both natural and salinity-induced leaf senescence,whereas increased CLE14 expression or treatments with synthetic CLE14 peptides delayed senescence.CLE14 pep-tide treatments also delayed ABA-induced senescence in detached leaves.Further analysis showed that over-expression of CLE14 led to reduced.ROS levels in leaves,where higher expression of ROS scavenging genes was detected.Moreover,CLE14 signaling resulted in transcriptional activation of JUB1,a NAC family tran-scription factor previously identified as a negative regulator of senescence.Notably,the delay of leaf senes-cence,reduction in H202 level,and activation of ROS scavenging genes by CLE14 peptides were dependent on JUB1.Collectively,these results suggest that the small peptide CLE14 serves as a novel"brake signal"to regulate age-dependent and stress-induced leaf senescence through JUB1-mediated ROS scavenging.

关键词： CLE14 peptide signal leaf senescence salt stress ABA ROS JUB1

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Scaffold protein RACK1A positively regulates leaf senescence by coordinating the EIN3-miR164-ORE1 transcriptional cascade in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2023年第7期65卷 1703-1716页

作者： Jan Masood Wei Zhu Yajuan Fu Zhiyong Li Yeling Zhou Dong Zhang Huihui Han Yan Yan Xing Wen Hongwei Guo Jiansheng Liang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes Institute of Plant and Food SciencesDepartment of BiologySchool of Life SciencesSouthern University of Science and Technology518055ShenzhenChina

Plants have adopted versatile scaffold proteins to facilitate the crosstalk between multiple signaling pathways. leaf senescence is a well-programmed developmental stage that is coordinated by various external and internal signals. However,the functions of plant scaffold proteins in response to senescence signals are not well understood. Here, we report that the scaffold protein RACK1A(RECEPTOR FOR ACTIVATED C KINASE1A) participates in leaf senescence mediated by ethylene signaling via the coordination of the EIN3-miR164-ORE1 transcriptional regulatory cascade. RACK1A is a novel positive regulator of ethylene-mediated leaf senescence. The rack1a mutant exhibits delayed leaf senescence, while transgenic lines overexpressing RACK1A display early leaf senescence. Moreover, RACK1A promotes EIN3(ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3) protein accumulation, and directly interacts with EIN3 to enhance its DNA-binding activity. Together, they then associate with the miR164 promoter to inhibit its transcription, leading to the release of the inhibition on downstream ORE1(ORESARA 1) transcription and the promotion of leaf senescence.This study reveals a mechanistic framework by which RACK1A promotes leaf senescence via the EIN3-miR164-ORE1 transcriptional cascade, and provides a paradigm for how scaffold proteins finely tune phytohormone signaling to control plant development.

关键词： Arabidopsis ethylene signaling leaf senescence RACK1 scaffold protein transcriptional cascade

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ANAC087 transcription factor positively regulates age-dependent leaf senescence through modulating the expression of multiple target genes in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2023年第4期65卷 967-984页

作者： Qinqin Chen Jingli Yan Tiantian Tong Peiyu Zhao Shuangshuang Wang Na Zhou Xing Cui Moyu Dai Yuan‐Qing Jiang Bo Yang State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas College of Life SciencesNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China College of Plant Protection Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450002China

leaf senescence is the final stage of leaf development and appropriate onset and progression of leaf senescence are critical for reproductive success and fitness.Although great progress has been made in identifying key genes regulating leaf senescence and elucidating the underlining mechanisms in the model plant Arabidopsis,there is still a gap to understanding the complex regulatory network.In this study,we discovered that Arabidopsis ANAC087 transcription factor(TF)positively modulated leaf senescence.Expression of ANAC087 was induced in senescing leaves and the encoded protein acted as a transcriptional activator.Both constitutive and inducible overexpression lines of ANAC087 showed earlier senescence than control plants,whereas T-DNA insertion mutation and dominant repression of the ANAC087 delayed senescence rate.A quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)profiling showed that the expression of an array of senescence-associated genes was upregulated in inducible ANAC087 overexpression plants including BFN1,NYE1,CEP1,RbohD,SAG13,SAG15,and VPEs,which are involved in programmed cell death(PCD),chlorophyll degradation and reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation.In addition,electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA)and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(ChIP-qPCR)assays demonstrated that ANAC087 directly bound to the canonical NAC recognition sequence(NACRS)motif in promoters of its target genes.Moreover,mutation of two representative target genes,BFN1 or NYE1 alleviated the senescence rate of ANAC087-overexpression plants,suggesting their genetic regulatory relationship.Taken together,this study indicates that ANAC087serves as an important regulator linking PCD,ROS,and chlorophyll degradation to leaf senescence.

关键词： ANAC087 chlorophyll degradation leaf senescence NAC transcription factor programmed cell death reactive oxygen species

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WHIRLY1 recruits the histone deacetylase HDA15 repressing leaf senescence and flowering in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第7期64卷 1411-1429页

作者： Dongmei Huang Wei Lan Weibo Ma Rulin Huang Wenfang Lin Mengsi Li Chia-Yang Chen Keqiang Wu Ying Miao Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology College of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Institute of Botany College of Life SciencesTaiwan UniversityTaibei 106China

leaf senescence is controlled by a complex regulatory network in which robustness is ensured by the activity of transcription factors and epigenetic regulators.However,how these coordinate the process of leaf senescence remains poorly understood.We found that WHIRLY1 interacts with Histone Deacetylase(HDA)15,a Reduced Potassium Dependence3(RPD3)/HDA1-type HDA,by using green fluorescent protein-nanotrap-mass spectrum assays.The development-dependent interaction between WHIRLY1 and HDA15 was further confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays and co-immunoprecipitation assays in Arabidopsis.Multi-omics genome-wide transcriptome and H3K9 acetylome enrichment analysis showed that HDA15 delays leaf senescence and flowering by repressing the expression of the positive regulators of leaf senescence and flowering,such as LOX2 and LARP1 C,and reducing H3K9 ac levels at these loci;WHIRLY1 and HDA15 co-target to the region near the transcription start site of a subset of nutrient recycling-related genes(e.g.,Glutathione S-transferases 10,non-coding RNA,and photosystem II protein D1 synthesizer attenuator PDIL1-2),as well as WRKY53 and ELF4,and co-repress their expression by removing H3K9 acetylation.Our study revealed a key transcription regulatory node of nutrient recycling and senescence-associated genes involved in leaf senescence and flowering via the recruitment of HDA15 by the single-stranded DNA/RNA-binding protein WHIRLY1.

关键词： flowering HDA15 H3K9 acetylation leaf senescence multi-omics analysis WHY1

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Melatonin retards leaf senescence by modulating phytohormone metabolism in stored Chinese flowering cabbage

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Food Quality and Safety 2023年第4期7卷 597-612页

作者：李辰翔申雪萌范中奇陈建业陶能国谭小丽 School of Chemical Engineering Xiangtan UniversityXiangtanChina State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresources Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and VegetablesGuangdong Vegetables Engineering Research CenterEngineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products PreservationMinistry of EducationCollege of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products College of Food ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina

This paper was conducted to explore the effects of melatonin(MT)on the senescence of stored Chinese flowering cabbage and the potential modulatory mechanisms involved.The physiological findings demonstrated that MT successfully reduced chlorophyll loss and improved the photochemical effectiveness of cabbage leaves.In addition,MT decreased the transcription of senescence-associated genes(BrSAG12)and genes responsible for chlorophyll breakdown.Transcriptome analysis showed that MT-regulated genes were enriched in oxidative phosphorylation,hormone metabolism and signal transduction,and MT treatment reduced the high expression of genes linked to generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),energy metabolism,phytohormone(abscisic acid(ABA),ethylene(ET),and jasmonic acid(JA))biological synthesis and signal transduction while promoting the activation of genes related to scavenging ROS,energy biosynthesis and plant–pathogen interactions.We emphasized the examination of the potential interaction between phytohormone metabolism and MT.The results showed that the application of MT decreased ABA,ET,and JA levels as well as the expression of their biosynthesis genes,concurrently maintaining higher expression of cytokinin,auxin and gibberellin biosynthetic genes and lower expression of degradation genes.Regulatory networks of transcription factors(TFs)and genes related to ABA,ET and JA metabolism showed that TFs such as DNA-binding One Zinc Finger 5.7(DOF5.7),WRKY40,and homeobox-leucine zipper protein-16(ATHB-16)might play important transcriptional regulatory roles in mediating MT postponed leaf senescence.Taken together,these findings suggested that the postponed senescence of cabbage treated with MT might be ascribed to the regulated oxidative phosphorylation,energy,phytohormone metabolism,and transcription factors.

关键词： Cabbage melatonin transcriptome leaf senescence phytohormone

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A rice XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE gene regulates leaf senescence and response to abiotic stresses

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The Crop Journal 2022年第2期10卷 310-322页

作者： Jiangmin Xu Chenyang Pan Han Lin Hanfei Ye Sheng Wang Tao Lu Qianyu Chen Kairu Yang Mei Lu Qian Qian Deyong Ren Yuchun Rao College of Chemistry and Life Sciences Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004ZhejiangChina State Key Lab for Rice Biology China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006ZhejiangChina

Xanthine dehydrogenase, a member of the molybdenum enzyme family, participates in purine metabolism and catalyzes the generation of ureides from xanthine and hypoxanthine. However, the mechanisms by which xanthine dehydrogenase affects rice growth and development are poorly understood. In the present study, we identified a mutant with early leaf senescence and reduced tillering that we named early senescence and less-tillering 1(esl1). Map-based cloning revealed that ESL1 encodes a xanthine dehydrogenase, and it was expressed in all tissues. Chlorophyll content was reduced and chloroplast maldevelopment was severe in the esl1 mutant. Mutation of ESL1 led to decreases in allantoin, allantoate, and ABA contents. Further analysis revealed that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in esl1 resulted in decreased photosynthesis and impaired chloroplast development, along with increased sensitivity to abscisic acid and abiotic stresses. Ttranscriptome analysis showed that the ESL1 mutation altered the expression of genes involved in the photosynthesis process and reactive oxygen species metabolism.Our results suggest that ESL1 is involved in purine metabolism and the induction of leaf senescence.These findings reveal novel molecular mechanisms of ESL1 gene-mediated plant growth and leaf senescence.

关键词： Xanthine dehydrogenase leaf senescence Abiotic stresses Purine metabolism

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