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leaf fossils of Sabalites(Arecaceae)from the Oligocene of northern Vietnam and their paleoclimatic implications

Plant Diversity 2022年第4期44卷 406-416页

作者： Ai Song Jia Liu Shui-Qing Liang Truong Van Do Hung Ba Nguyen Wei-Yu-Dong Deng Lin-Bo Jia Cedric Del Rio Gaurav Srivastava Zhuo Feng Zhe-Kun Zhou Jian Huang Tao Su Institute of Palaeontology Yunnan Key Laboratory for PalaeobiologyMEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeobiology and PalaeoenvironmentYunnan Key Laboratory of Earth System ScienceYunnan UniversityKunming650500China CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China Vietnam National Museum of Nature Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology18 Hoang Quoc VietHanoiViet Nam Graduate Academy of Science and Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology18 Hoang Quoc VietHanoiViet Nam CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences Lucknow226007India

Recent paleobotanical investigations in Vietnam provide a good opportunity to improve our understanding of the biodiversity and paleoclimatic conditions in the geological past of Southeast Asia.Palms(Arecaceae)are a diverse family of typical thermophilous plants with a relatively low tolerance for freezing.In this study,we describe well-preserved fossil palm leaves from the Oligocene Dong Ho Formation of Hoanh Bo Basin,northern Vietnam.Characters of the fossil leaves,such as a fan-shaped costapalmate lamina,an unarmed petiole,a costa slightly enlarged at the base that then tapers distally into the blade,and well-preserved amphistomatic leaves with cuticles,suggest that they represent a new fossil species,which we herein designate Sabalites colaniae A.Song,T.Su,T.V.Do et Z.K.Zhou sp.nov.Together with other paleontological and palaeoclimatic evidence,we conclude that a warm climate prevailed in northern Vietnam and nearby areas during the Oligocene.

关键词： Fossil leaf Oligocene Paleoclimate Palm Vietnam

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RING-box proteins regulate leaf senescence and stomatal closure via repression of ABA transporter gene ABCG40

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第5期64卷 979-994页

作者： Yun Qi Wei Jun Jie Yuan Chen Chen Xiao Gui Xin Li Jing Ying Yan Shao Jian Zheng Zhong Jie Ding State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture College of Natural Resources and EnvironmentSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China College of Agronomy and Biotechnology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Agricultural Experimental Station Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Plant hormone abscisic acid(ABA)plays an indispensable role in the control of leaf senescence,during which ABA signaling depends on its biosynthesis.Nevertheless,the role of ABA transport in leaf senescence remains unknown.Here,we identified two novel RING-box protein-encoding genes UBIQUITIN LIGASE of SENESCENCE 1 and2(ULS1 and ULS2)involved in leaf senescence.Lack of ULS1 and ULS2 accelerates leaf senescence,which is specifically promoted by ABA treatment.Furthermore,the expression of senescence-related genes is significantly affected in mature leaves of uls1/uls2 double mutant(versus wild type(WT))in an ABA-dependent manner,and the ABA content is substantially increased.ULS1 and ULS2 are mainly expressed in the guard cells and aging leaves,and the expression is induced by ABA.Further RNA-seq and quantitative proteomics of ubiquitination reveal that ABA transporter ABCG40 is highly expressed in uls1/uls2 mutant versus WT,though it is not the direct target of ULS1/2.Finally,we show that the acceleration of leaf senescence,the increase of leaf ABA content,and the promotion of stomatal closure in uls1/usl2 mutant are suppressed by abcg40 loss-of-function mutation.These results indicate that ULS1 and ULS2 function in feedback inhibition of ABCG40-dependent ABA transport during ABA-induced leaf senescence and stomatal closure.

关键词： ABA Arabidopsis E3 ligase leaf senescence stomata transport

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Evidence of the predominance of passive symplastic phloem loading and sugar transport with leaf ageing in Camellia oleifera

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2023年第4期9卷 811-825页

作者： Shiwen Yang Kehao Liang Yongjiang Sun Jinshun Zhang Yibo Cao Jing Zhou Aibin Wang Lingyun Zhang Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education The College of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

Phloem loading and transport of sugar from leaves to sink tissues such as fruits are crucial for yield formation.Camellia oleifera is an evergreen horticultural crop with high value;however,its low production limits the development of the C.oleifera industry.In this study,using a combination of ultrastructural observation,fluorescence loss in photobleaching(FLIP)and inhibitor treatment,we revealed that C.oleifera leaves mainly adopt a symplastic loading route from mesophyll cells to the surrounding vascular bundle cells in minor veins.HPLC assays showed that sucrose is the main sugar transported and only a small amount of raffinose or stachyose was detected in petioles,supporting a passive symplastic loading route in C.oleifera leaves.Compared to leaves grown this year(LT),the carbohydrate synthesis capacity in leaves grown last year(LL)was decreased while LL retained more soluble sugar,suggesting a decrease in transport capacity with leaf ageing.TEM and tissue staining showed that a reduction in plasmodesmata density leads to a decline in the degree of cellular coupling and is responsible for the weakening transport capacity in older leaves.RNA-seq revealed several differentially expressed genes(DEGs)including CoPDCB1-1,CoSUT1 and CoSWEET12,which are likely involved in the regulation of phloem loading and sugar transport.An expression correlation network is constructed between PD-callose binding protein genes,sugar transporter genes and senescence-associated genes.Collectively,this study provides the evidence of the passive symplastic phloem loading pathway in C.oleifera leaves and constructs the correlation between sugar transport and leaf ageing.

关键词： Camellia oleifera Phloem loading leaf Sugar transport Yield formation

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The constitutions of terpenoids and hormones of leaves in red-flesh citrus mutants and their wild types

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2022年第3期8卷 297-310页

作者： Cuihua Liu Min He Juan Xu College of Horticulture Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology(Ministry of Education) College of Horticulture and ForestryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China

To study the profiles and relationships of terpenoids and phytohormones in leaves of red-flesh citrus,we examined four red-flesh mutants that accumulate lycopene in the fruit and their corresponding wild types.We compared their contents of monoterpenoid and sesquiterpenoid volatiles,triterpenoid limonoid aglycones,and tetraterpenoid carotenoids.The types and concentrations of these terpenoids in the leaves varied among genotypes,and the leaf terpenoid profiles differed between red-fleshmutants and theirwild types.However,lycopenewas not detected in citrus leaves of all eight varieties,including the fourmutants.According to phytohormone accumulation in the leaves,the citrus varieties could be classified into a low-phytohormone group(‘Red Anliu’sweet orange,‘Anliu’sweet orange,and‘Cara Cara’navel orange),a high-phytohormone group(‘Seike’navel orange),and a high-jasmonic acid group(‘Red-flesh Guanxi’pummelo,‘Guanxi’pummelo,‘Chuhong’pummelo,and‘Feicui’pummelo).The contents of terpenoid volatiles were very low in leaves of‘Red-flesh Guanxi’and‘Guanxi’pummelo;therefore,they are ideal materials for verifying the functions of genes related to terpenoid volatiles in overexpression analyses.Sesquiterpenoid volatiles were positively correlated with phytohormones of abscisic acid,jasmonic acid,and salicylic acid.Taken together,lycopene was undetected in the leaves of redflesh citrus mutants with abundant lycopene in their juice sacs,which suggested a tissue-specific accumulation pattern of lycopene in citrus red-flesh mutants.Furthermore,leaf volatile profiles could be suitable to develop fingerprint chromatograms of citrus resources,since leaf volatile profiles were dominated by several compounds that varied among genotypes in their combinations and concentrations.

关键词： Citrus Carotenoid Terpenoid volatile Limonoid aglycone Hormone leaf

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Comparative Analysis of the Transcriptome and Metabolome in Leaves of Diploid and Tetraploid Fagopyrum tataricum

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第11期92卷 3149-3162页

作者： Xiaodong Shi Yue Qi Liangzhu Lin Jia Wang Xiaobo Qin Bei Niu Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsSchool of Food and Biological EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengdu610106China Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences Chengdu610015China School of Preclinical Medicine Chengdu UniversityChengdu610106China

Tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum)is a dual-purpose medicinal and food crop grown for its high contents of functional compounds and abundant nutrients.Although studies have shown the differences of total flavonoid content in Tartary buckwheat at different ploidy levels,the composition of flavonoid and its regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown.In this study,the leaf metabolome and transcriptome of diploid and tetraploid accessions of Tartary buckwheat were analyzed to gain insight into the impact of polyploidization on comparative secondary metabolite composition and molecular regulatory mechanism.Based on a widely targeted metabolomics analysis,a total of 792 metabolites were identified,including 127 flavonoids.The accumulation of 127 metabolites and expression of 3871 genes differed significantly between diploid and tetraploid Tartary buckwheat.Integrated metabolomics and transcriptome analysis revealed that chromosome doubling up-regulated the expression of upstream genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway to promote the accumulation of flavonoids.The present results contribute to elucidation of the molecular mechanism of phenotypic variation associated with polyploidy in Tartary buckwheat.The findings provide a reference for further studies on phenotypic traits in polyploid Tartary buckwheat,the cloning of crucial regulatory genes,and utilization of genetic engineering technologies in the breeding of Tartary buckwheat.

关键词： Tartary buckwheat diploid tetraploid leaf

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Receptor-like kinase OsCR4 controls leaf morphogenesis and embryogenesis by fixing the distribution of auxin in rice

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2020年第9期47卷 577-589页

作者： Jiao Wang Lin-Lin Yan Zhi-Liang Yue Hao-Yue Li Xiu-Jie Ji Cui-Xia Pu Ying Sun College of Life Science Hebei Normal UniversityHebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular BiologyKey Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of EducationHebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell SignalingShijiazhuang050024China Institute of Cash Crops Hebei Academy of Agriculture&Forestry SciencesShijiazhuang050051China

Cell differentiation is a key event in organ development;it involves auxin gradient formation, cell signaling, and transcriptional regulation. Yet, how these processes are orchestrated during leaf morphogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate an essential role for the receptor-like kinase Os CR4 in leaf development. oscr4 loss-of-function mutants displayed short shoots and roots, with tiny,crinkly, or even dead leaves. The delayed outgrowth of the first three leaves and seminal root in oscr4 was due to defects in plumule and radicle formation during embryogenesis. The deformed epidermal,mesophyll, and vascular tissues observed in oscr4 leaves arose at the postembryo stage;the corresponding expression pattern of pro Os CR4:GUS in embryos and young leaves suggests that Os CR4 functions in these tissues. Signals from the auxin reporter DR5 rev:VENUS were found to be altered in oscr4 embryos and disorganized in oscr4 leaves, in which indole-3-acetic acid accumulation was further revealed by immunofluorescence. Os WOX3 A, which is auxin responsive and related to leaf development,was activated extensively and ectopically in oscr4 leaves, partially accounting for the observed lack of cell differentiation. Our data suggest that Os CR4 plays a fundamental role in leaf morphogenesis and embryogenesis by fixing the distribution of auxin.

关键词： Receptor-like kinase OsCR4 OsWOX3A Auxin distribution leaf Embryo Rice

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leaf surface factors of transgenic Bt cotton associated with the feeding behaviors of cotton aphids:A case study on non-target effects

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2008年第2期51卷 145-156页

作者： XUE Kun, DENG Su, WANG RongJiang, YAN FengMing, XU ChongRen College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China College of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China

The present paper reports case study results of the risk assessment of transgenic Bt cotton on a non-target pest, cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii. Several types of techniques, i.e., electrical penetration graph (EPG), light and electron microscopy, bioassays and chemical analysis, were applied to investigate physical and chemical leaf factors of 2 transgenic Bt cotton lines (GK12 and GK19) and their pa-rental non-Bt cotton line (Simian3) associated with searching and feeding behaviors of cotton aphids on leaves or leaf extracts of cotton plants. EPG results showed that there were some differences among behaviors of cotton aphids on 2 Bt cotton and 1 non-Bt cotton lines. Cotton aphids performed similarly to leaf surface extracts from 3 cotton lines; and leaf surface chemicals, mainly volatiles and waxes, were almost identical in the components and concentrations among the cotton lines. However, three cotton lines were quite different from each other in the densities of certain kinds of covering trichomes. Therefore, the relationships between the physical characteristics and the searching behaviors of cotton aphids on the three cotton lines were constructed as the regression equations. Glandular trichomes and covering trichomes with 5 branches influenced the cotton aphids' searching behaviors effectively; and other trichomes with other branches affected aphids in varying ways. These results demonstrated that leaf surface physical factors of transgenic Bt cotton lines different from their parental non-Bt line could affect the penetration behaviors of non-target cotton aphids. Cotton aphids penetrate and feed more easily on two Bt cotton lines than on the non-Bt cotton line.

关键词： Bt cotton trichome leaf surface chemicals Aphis gossypii searching behavior EPG electrical penetration graph non-target effect

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Family-level leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of global terrestrial plants

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第8期62卷 1047-1057页

作者： Di Tian Zhengbing Yan Suhui Ma Yuehong Ding Yongkai Luo Yahan Chen Enzai Du Wenxuan Han Emoke Dalma Kovacs Haihua Shen Huifeng Hu Jens Kattge Bernhard Schmid Jingyun Fang College of Life Sciences Capital Normal UniversityBeijing100048China Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry ofEducationPeking UniversityBeijing100871China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China College of Resources Science&Technology and State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource EcologyBeijing NormalUniversityBeijing100875China Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions Ministry of EducationCollege of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina AgriculturalUniversityBeijing100193China National Institute for Research and Development in Optoelectronics INCDO-INOE2000 Research Institute for Analytical InstrumentationICIA subsidiaryCluj-Napoca400293Romania Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena07745Germany Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland

leaf nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) concentrations are critical for photosynthesis, growth, reproduction and other ecological processes of plants. Previous studies on large-scale biogeographic patterns of leaf N and P stoichiometric relationships were mostly conducted using data pooled across taxa, while family/genus-level analyses are rarely reported. Here, we examined global patterns of family-specific leaf N and P stoichiometry using a global data set of 12,716 paired leaf N and P records which includes 204 families, 1,305 genera, and 3,420 species. After determining the minimum size of samples(i.e., 35 records), we analyzed leaf N and P concentrations, N:P ratios and N^P scaling relationships of plants for 62 families with 11,440 records. The numeric values of leaf N and P stoichiometry varied significantly across families and showed diverse trends along gradients of mean annual temperature(MAT) and mean annual precipitation(MAP). The leaf N and P concentrations and N:P ratios of 62 families ranged from 6.11 to 30.30 mg g–1, 0.27 to 2.17 mg g–1, and 10.20 to 35.40, respectively. Approximately 1/3–1/2 of the families(22–35 of 62) showed a decrease in leaf N and P concentrations and N:P ratios with increasing MAT or MAP, while the remainder either did not show a significant trend or presented the opposite pattern. Family-specific leaf N^P scaling exponents did not converge to a certain empirical value, with a range of 0.307–0.991 for 54 out of 62 families which indicated a significant N^P scaling relationship. Our results for the first time revealed large variation in the family-level leaf N and P stoichiometry of global terrestrial plants and that the stoichiometric relationships for at least one-third of the families were not consistent with the global trends reported previously. The numeric values of the family-specific leaf N and P stoichiometry documented in the current study provide critical synthetic parameters for biogeographic modeling and for further studies on the physiological and ecological mechanis

关键词： leaf nitrogen (N) leaf phosphorus (P) plant stoichiometry family N:P ratios N^P scaling relationship climate

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CURLY leaf Regulates MicroRNA Activity by Controlling ARGONAUTE 1 Degradation in Plants

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Molecular Plant 2020年第1期13卷 72-87页

作者： Delfina A.Re Damian A.Cambiagno Agustin LArce Ariel HTomassi Marisol Giustozzi Paula Casati Federico DAriel Pablo A.Manavella lnstituto de Agrobiotecnologia del Litoral(CONICET-UNL) Catedra de Biologia Celulary MolecularFacultad de Bioquimica y Ciencias BiologicasUniversidad Nacional del Litoral3000 Santa FeArgentina Centro de Estudios Fotosinteticos y Bioquimicos(CEFOBI) Universidad Nacional de RosarioRosarioArgentina

CURLY leaf ( CLF) encodes the methyltransferase subunit of the Polycomb Repressor Complex 2 (PRC2), which regulates the expression of target genes through H3K27 trimethylation. We isolated a new CLF mutant allele ( clf-78) using a genetic screen designed to identify microRNA (miRNA) deficient mutants. CLF mutant plants showed impaired miRNA activity caused by increased ubiquitination and enhanced degradation of ARGONAUTE 1 (AGO1) in specific tissues. Such CLF-mediated AGO1 regulation was evident when plants were exposed to UV radiation, which caused increased susceptibility of clf mutants to some UV-induced responses. Furthermore, we showed that CLF directly regulates FBW2, which in turn triggers AGO1 degradation in the clf mutants. Interestingly, AGO1 bound to a target appeared particularly prone to degradation in the mutant plants, a process that was exacerbated when the complex bound a non-cleavable target. Thus, prolonged AGO1–target interaction seems to favor AGO1 degradation, suggesting that non-cleavable miRNA targets may overcome translation inhibition by modulating AGO1 stability in plants.

关键词： CURLY leaf ARGONAUTE Arabidopsis UV FBW2

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Rice miR394 suppresses leaf inclination through targeting an F-box gene, leaf INCLINATION 4

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第4期61卷 406-416页

作者： Li Qu Li-Bi Lin Hong-Wei Xue National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology the Chinese Academy of Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Rice leaf inclination is an important agronomic trait, closely related to plant architecture and yield.Identification of genes controlling leaf inclination would assist in crop improvement. Although various factors,including the plant hormones auxin and brassinosteroids,have been shown to regulate lamina joint development,the role of microRNAs in regulating leaf inclination remains largely unknown. Here, we functionally characterize the role of rice miR394 and its target, leaf INCLINCATION 4(LC4), which encodes an F-box protein, in the regulation of leaf inclination. We show that miR394 and LC4 work,antagonistically, to regulate leaf lamina joint development and rice architecture, by modulating expansion and elongation of adaxial parenchyma cells. Suppressed expression of miR394, or enhanced expression of LC4,results in enlarged leaf angles, whereas reducing LC4 expression by CRISPR/Cas9 leads to reduced leaf inclination, suggesting LC4 as candidate for use in rice architecture improvement. LC4 interacts with SKP1, a component of the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, and transcription of both miR394 and LC4 are regulated by auxin. Rice plants with altered expression of miR394 or LC4 have altered auxin responses, indicating that the miR394-LC4 module mediates auxin effects important for determining rice leaf inclination and architecture.

关键词： Rice miR394 F-box gene leaf INCLINATION 4

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