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Effects of loading contact on electric-power generation of lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic plate

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2019年第4期8卷 509-518页

作者： Mitsuhiro OKAYASU Tsukasa OGAWA Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University

To better understand the generation of electric power for piezoelectric Pb Zr Ti O3(PZT)ceramic plate(?25 mm),an attempt was made to investigate experimentally and numerically electricpower generation characteristics during cyclic bending under various loading fixtures(?0–?20 mm),i.e.,different contact areas.Increasing the load-contact area on the PZT ceramic leads to a nonlinear decrease in the generated voltage.Decreasing contact area basically enhances the generated voltage,although the voltage saturates during loading when the contact area is less than?5 mm.A similar voltage is generated for?0 and?5 mm,which is attributed to strain status(ratio of compressive and tensile strain)and material failure due to different stress distribution in the PZT ceramic.On the basis of the obtained electric generation voltage,suitable loading conditions are clarified by loading with the?5 mm fixture,which generates a higher voltage and a longer lifetime of the PZT ceramic.From this approach,it is appeared that the area contact with the area ratio of 0.04(?5 mm/?20 mm)is suitable to obtain the high efficiency of the electric voltage.

关键词： piezoelectric ceramic lead zirconate titanate ceramic electric power generation

Alkaline pressure oxidative leaching of bismuth-rich and arsenic-rich lead anode slime

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2019年第6期26卷 689-700页

作者： Yun-long He Rui-dong Xu Shi-wei He Han-sen Chen Kuo Li Yun Zhu Qing-feng Shen Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China

A new alkaline pressure oxidative leaching process(with NaNO3 as the oxidant and NaOH as the alkaline reagent)is proposed herein to remove arsenic,antimony,and lead from bismuth-rich and arsenic-rich lead anode slime for bismuth,gold,and silver enrichment.The effects of the temperature,liquid-to-solid ratio,leaching time,and reagent concentration on the leaching ratios of arsenic,antimony,and lead were investigated to identify the optimum leaching conditions.The experimental results under optimized conditions indicate that the average leaching ratios of arsenic,antimony and lead are 95.36%,79.98%,63.08%,respectively.X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the leaching residue is composed of Bi,Bi2O3,Pb2Sb2O7,and trace amounts of NaSb(OH)6.Arsenic,antimony,and lead are thus separated from lead anode slime as Na3AsO4·10H2O and Pb2Sb2O7.Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry imaging revealed that the samples undergo appreciable changes in their surface morphology during leaching and that the majority of arsenic,lead,and antimony is removed.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to demonstrate the variation in the valence states of the arsenic,lead,and antimony.The Pb(IV)and Sb(V)content was found to increase substantially with the addition of NaNO3.

关键词： lead anode slime pressure leaching arsenic removal antimony bismuth

Cumulative Risk Assessment of Exposure to Heavy Metals through Aquatic Products in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2021年第8期34卷 606-615页

作者： WANG Hui MAO Wei Feng JIANG Ding Guo LIU Si Jie ZHANG Lei NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research UnitChina National Center for Food Safety Risk AssessmentBeijing 100022China Department of Physical and Chemical Test Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionChangchun 130062JilinChina

Objective This study aimed to assess the risk of cumulative exposure to Pb,Cd,Hg,and iAs through aquatic products consumed by Chinese people.Methods Heavy metal concentration data were obtained from the national food contamination monitoring program during 2013–2017.Consumption data were derived from the China National Food Consumption Survey in 2014 and the relative potency factor(RPF)method was used to estimate cumulative exposure for neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.Results The results demonstrated that the cumulative exposure based on neurotoxicity was below the lower confidence limit on benchmark doses of lead(BMDL01)for nephrotoxicity and the cumulative exposures were all lower than the provisional tolerable monthly intake(PTMI)of Cd.However,the margin of exposure values(MOEs)of the cumulative exposures for neurotoxicity in the 2–6 year-old group was close to 1 and the cumulative exposure level for nephrotoxicity accounted for 90.21%of the PTMI.Conclusion The cumulative exposures of the 2–6 year-old group to the four heavy metals did not reach(but came close to)the corresponding safety threshold for both neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.Given that there are still other food sources of these four heavy metals,it is necessary to more closely study their cumulative health effects.

关键词： Arsenic lead Cadmium Mercury Aquatic products Heavy metals

Heavy Metal Accumulation in Medicinal Plants Collected from Environmentally Different Sites

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2008年第4期21卷 319-324页

作者： JYOTI BARTHWAL SMITHA NAIR POONAM KAKKAR Herbal Research Section Industrial Toxicology Research Centre

Objective To estimate the heavy metal content in soil and selected medicinal plants procured from environmentally different sites of the same city. Methods Soil and plant samples of Abutilon indicum, Calotropis procera, Euphorbia hirta, Peristrophe bycaliculata, and Tinospora cordifolia were collected from 3 environmentally different sites of the city： heavy traffic area （HTA）, industrial area （IA）, and residential area （RA）. Pb by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry and compared Cd, Cr, and Ni were estimated in soil and plant samples Results The level of heavy metal was higher in soil than in plant parts studied. Accumulation of heavy metals varied from plant to plant. Pb was the highest in Calotropis procera root from HTA site and the lowest in Peristrophe bycaliculata whole plant from IA site. It was also lower in residential area than in heavy traffic area. Conclusion The level of heavy metal content differed in the same medicinal plant collected from environmentally different sites of the same city. Thus, it reiterates our belief that every medicinal plant sample should be tested for contaminant load before processing it further for medication.

关键词： Heavy metals Medicinal plants lead Cadmium Chromium Herbal raw material

The Protective Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Thiamine Supplementation against Damage Caused by lead in the Testes of Mice

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2009年第1期29卷 68-72页

作者：陕光唐甜张孝斌 Department of Urology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Department of Cancer Radio-Chemotherapy Zhongnan Hospital and Cancer Research Center Wuhan University

lead is a ubiquitous environmental and industrial pollutant that may have toxic effects on the male. Vitamins may protect against toxic effects of lead in the liver and reproductive system, which is confirmed by our initial research. The aim of this study was to further investigate the protective effects of vitamins （ascorbic acid combined with thiamine） on lead acetate （Pb）-induced reproductive toxicities in mice and study the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. Forty-five male mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, 15 mice in each and received daily intragastric administration with control, Pb （20 mg/kg）, and Pb＋vitamins （ascorbic acid of 420 mg/kg＋thiamine of 30 mg/kg） for 6 weeks, respectively. The Pb-treated animals showed significant decreases in the epididymal sperm count and motility compared to the control group, while the Pb＋vitamins group had significant increases for these variables. Moreover, an increasing apoptosis of germinal cells induced by Pb was reduced by vitamin treatment. Pb induced the activation of Caspase-3, Fas/Fas-L and Bcl-2 with elevated levels, and the adaptor protein primarily regulated signaling through Fas and required for Fas-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, ascorbic acid combined with thiamine exhibited protective effect on reproductive system by inhibiting Pb-induced excessive cell apoptosis.

关键词： lead ascorbic acid thiamine reproductive toxicity apoptosis

Pacemaker lead induced cardiac perforation presenting with pneumothorax

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2019年第4期16卷 381-383页

作者： Yeo-Jeong Song Sang-Hoon Seol Yun-Seok Song Seunghwan Kim Dong-Kie Kim Ki-Hun Kim Doo-Il Kim Department of Internal Medicine Inje University College of Medicine Haeundae Paik Hospital

An 87-year-old male with old myocardial infarction was referred to the hospital due to left femur neck fracture and intermittent dizziness. Significant 2:1 atrioventricular block was demonstrated on initial electrocardiogram (Figure 1). Transthoracic echocardiography showed reduced left ventricular function (LVEF = 47%) with regional wall motion abnormality of right coronary artery (RCA) and left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) artery. Coronary angiography showed patent previous proximal RCA and distal LCx stents. Temporary pacemaker was inserted initially and the patient was planned for permanent pacemaker insertion after the surgery.

关键词： Cardiac perforation lead Pneumothorax

Contralateral pneumothorax in the subacute phase after pacemaker implantation:lead retention and follow-up

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2018年第12期15卷 744-746页

作者： Xiao-Dong CHEN Xu XU Jia-Wen JI Hai-Lei LIU Jian-Ping SHEN Department of Cardiology Affiliated Hospital of Intergrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine NanjingChina Department of Radiology Affiliated Hospital of Intergrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina Department of Cardiology the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina

An 89-year-old woman[body mass index(BMI)=20.27 kg/m^2)]with hypertension underwent implantation of a dual-chamber pacemaker because of dizziness and syncope due to sick sinus syndrome.Pacemaker implantation via the left subclavian approach was performed on June 3,2017.A right ventricular active lead(TendrilTM STS 2088TC,St Jude Medical,Penang,Malaysia)and an atrial active lead(OptisenseTM 1999,St Jude Medical,Penang,Malaysia)were placed in the right ventricular apex and anterior wall of the right atrium,respectively.

关键词： Atrial lead perforation Contralateral pneumothorax Pacemaker implantation

BASIC ELECTROLYTIC METHOD FOR RECOVERY OF lead FROM SCRAP BATTERIES

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 1996年第4期6卷 47-51页

作者： Chen Weiping Tian Yizhuang Bian Kejun Zheng Yue(Institute for Environmental Protection,Hunan University,Changsha 410082) Institute for Environmental Protection Hunan University Changsha 410082 China Xiongdong Chemical Machinery Factory

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关键词： battery sludge lead recovery electrowinning

Analysis of non-ionized substance losses in experiments on plasma mass separation

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Plasma Science and Technology 2022年第8期24卷 124-129页

作者： R A USMANOV N N ANTONOV A V GAVRIKOV G D LIZIAKIN A D MELNIKOV A P OILER V P SMIRNOV R A TIMIRKHANOV L S VOLKOV N A VORONA Laboratory of Electrophysical and Plasma Devices Joint Institute for High TemperatureMoscow 125412Russia

Plasma mass separation requires a lot of diagnostic techniques that not only demonstrate the separation effect but also show the efficiency of the process.During the test experiments,plasma flux to be separated may contain neutral particles that avoid the separation process due to their insensitivity to electromagnetic field.We present the diagnostics of the lost substance in experiments on plasma mass separation.The obtained data of the diagnostics helps determine the law of particle evaporation from the plasma source.We show that neutral flux is unable to distort the result of separation diagnostics.The presented approach can be used in experiments aimed at enhancing the separation effect and achieving target productivity for industry applications.

关键词： plasma mass separation plasma diagnostics lead silver film deposition