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Effect of lead contamination on Soil Microbial Activity Measured by Microcalorimetry

Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2011年第7期29卷 1541-1547页

作者：盖楠杨永亮黎涛姚俊王飞陈辉伦 National Research Center for Geoanalysis Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China School of Environmental Studies & Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology of Chinese Ministry of Education & Sino-Hungarian Joint Laboratory of Environmental Science and Health China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 430074 China National Environment & Energy International Cooperation Base and Civil & Environment Engineering School University of Science and Technology Beijing 100083 China

Microcalorimetry was used to investigate the microbial activity in three types of soil （orchard soil, crop soil, forest soil） in Wuhan, China, and to evaluate the influence of different concentrations of lead （Pb^2＋） on soil microbial activity. The experimental results revealed that due to different physical and chemical characteristics of the soils, soil microbial activity in three soil samples were in a descending sequence： orchards soil, crops soil, forest soil. Six levels ofPb viz. 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 μg·g^-1 were applied in these soils, and the results showed that an in- crease of the amount of Pb^2＋ is associated with a decrease in microbial activity in the soils due to the toxic effect of Pb^2＋. In order to gain further insight of the sequential change of microorganisms, determination of colony forming units （CFU） was performed to provide a negative linear correlation between the heat effect and the respective number of microorganisms in the system.

关键词： soil microbial activity microcalorimetry lead contamination

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Degradation of platinum electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation by lead contamination

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第2期34卷 610-612页

作者： Zihao Li Xianggui Zhou Subhash Singh Xiaoming Wei Chunlei Guo Weishan Li School of Physics and Optoelectronics South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China The Institute of Optics University of RochesterRochesterNew York 14627United States School of Chemistry South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

Platinum exhibits high electrocatalytic activity toward various reactions but might be poisoned by some species. This communication reports a new finding that the electrocatalytic activity of platinum for methanol oxidation will be largely lost in a lead-contaminated environment. This activity loss is demonstrated in an electrochemical cell using a lead counter electrode for measuring the activity of platinum electrode towards methanol oxidation. The recorded methanol oxidation current in this cell is significantly decreased compared with that using a platinum counter electrode. The possible mechanism is related to the adsorption of trace lead ions from the lead counter electrode, as confirmed by comparing the calculated binding energies of platinum and lead ions with oxygen ion. This report is of great importance for reliably designing and efficiently managing direct methanol fuel cells, because trace lead might be present in various components in the fuel cell systems or in air and attention should be paid to its negative effect.

关键词： Activity degradation Platinum electrocatalyst lead contamination Methanol oxidation Binding energy

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Natural and anthropogenic sources of lead, zinc, and nickel in sediments of Lake Izabal, Guatemala

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第10期32卷 117-126页

作者： Elisandra Hernandez Jonathan Obrist-Farner Mark Brenner William F.Kenney Jason H.Curtis Edward Duarte Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Department Missouri Uniuersity of Science and Technology.RollaMO 65409USA. Department of Geological Sciences University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Land Use and Enuironmental Change Institute Uniuersity of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Escuela de Quimica Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala01012Guatermala

Sediments in Lake Izabal,Guatemala,contain substantial lead (Pb),zinc (Zn),and nickel (Ni).The lack of historical data for heavy metal concentrations in the sediments makes it difficult to determine the sources or evaluate whether inputs of metals to the lake have changed through *** measured the relative abundances and concentrations of Pb,Zn,and Ni by X-Ray Fluorescence core scanning and by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry in three sediment cores to explore stratigraphic distributions of metals in the lake *** amounts of Pb and Zn in the core taken near the Polochic Delta suggest that galena and sphalerite mining increased Pb and Zn delivery to Lake Izabal between ~1945 and 1965 *** up-core Ni increase in the core taken near a different mine on the north shore of Lake Izabal suggests that recent nickel mining operations led to an increase in Ni concentrations in the local sediments,but amounts in the other cores indicate that Ni is not widely distributed throughout the *** cores from Lake Izabal are reliable recorders of heavy metal input to the lake,and were measured to establish background metal levels,which would otherwise be *** of Pb,Zn,and Ni in older,pre-20th-century Lake Izabal sediments reflect input from natural erosion of *** results provide previously unavailable estimates of background metal concentrations in Lake Izabal before the onset of *** results are necessary for future monitoring related to mining contamination of the lake ecosystem.

关键词： Lake Izabal Heavy metals lead contamination Anthropogenic impacts Mining Guatemala

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Identification and quantification of lead source in sediment in the northern East China Sea using stable lead isotopes

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第5期39卷 1887-1900页

作者： Yu YU Yingxia LI Bing LI Yichao REN Xiaoyu DONG School of Marine Science and Engineering Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266237China

Stable Pb isotopes in surface and core sediments were determined to identify the sources of Pb contaminants in the northern East China Sea(ECS).The Bayesian stable isotope mixing model was used to quantify the contributions of Pb *** results show that since the late 1980 s,ratios of^(207)Pb/^(206)Pb and^(208)Pb/^(206)Pb increased in the top 34-cm sediment shown in the coastal core samples,reflecting elevated anthropogenic Pb input in coastal *** increase of^(207)Pb/^(206)Pb and^(208)Pb/^(206)Pb ratios in surface sediments reveals that anthropogenic Pb came mainly via atmospheric transmission into the *** sources accounted for 12.0%-21.1%of the total Pb in sediments after the 1990 *** combustion was the largest anthropogenic contributor(47.5%±18.8%),and Pb mining and smelting,cement production,and vehicle exhaust/gasoline contributed 23.2%±7.1%,19.0%±13.0%,and 10.3%±6.9%,*** proportions of the anthropogenic sources gradually increased while geogenic source(riverine sediment)decreased from the coast to the outer *** study demonstrated that the significant influence of atmospheric input of Pb contaminants into the ECS,and also the urgent need to control coal combustion and Pb discharge from industrial dust and fume emission in *** also highlights the promising application of the Simmr model to quantify the proportions of multiple sources of trace elements in an environment.

关键词： lead contamination Bayesian stable isotope mixing model source quantification surface sediment core Changjiang River estuary

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