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Chinese Birds 2015年第4期6卷 242-245页

作者： Jian Cao Jirong Li Wen Wang Fang Yang Zhuo Li Laixing Li Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of Science University of Chinese Academy of Science Sichuan University

Background: Females can differentially deposit the immune factor lysozyme into eggs based on conditions of local breeding density and laying ***: We collected 80 eggs from Great Cormorants(Phalacrocorax carbo) and then analyzed whether the level of lysozymes in the eggs is related to breeding density and laying ***: Between clutches,the level of lysozyme in eggs is positively related to breeding density; while within a clutch,the level of lysozyme is positively related to the laying ***: When parents breed under conditions of high density,they allocate more lysozymes to their offspring,a trait adaptive to the local *** the increase in the level of lysozymes is a function of the laying order seems a necessary condition to mitigate the hierarchy among siblings for improving the survival of the entire clutch.

关键词： Great Cormorant Innate immunity Breeding density laying order Lysozyme Phalacrocorax carbo Survival

laying hen performance,egg quality improved and yolk 5-methyltetrahydrofolate content increased by dietary supplementation of folic acid

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第2期5卷 130-133页

作者： Sattar Bagheri Hossein Janmohammadi Ramin Maleki Alireza Ostadrahimi Ruhollah Kianfar Department of Animal Science Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of TabrizTabriz***Iran Department of Chromatography Iranian Academic Center for EducationCulture and Researcha(ACECR)UrmiaIran Nutrition Research Center Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz***Iran

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of folic acid(FA) on performance, egg quality and yolk5-methyltetrahydrofolate(5-MTHF) content. A total of 384 Hy-line W36 strain hens from 52 to 58 weeks of age were randomly assigned to 4 groups, and each group received one of following dietary treatments:0, 5.10 and 15 mg FA/kg diet. A completely randomized design was used. Egg production percentage, egg mass and egg weight were increased significantly(P laying hens diets with FA significantly increased yolk 5-MTHF content(P = 0.02). Overall, these data demonstrate that dietary supplementation with FA raised 5-MTHF content of yolk and productivity of egg production in laying hens.

关键词： Folic acid 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate laying hens Yolk Egg

Dietary betaine activates hepatic VTGⅡexpression in laying hens associated with hypomethylation of GR gene promoter and enhanced GR expression

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第2期9卷 381-390页

作者： Nagmeldin A.Omer Yun Hu Yan Hu Abdulrahman A.Idriss Halima Abobaker Zhen Hou Haibo Dong Ruqian Zhao MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health&Food Safety Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology&Biochemistry Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095People’s Republic of China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Meat Production and Processing Quality and Safety ControlNanjing 210095People’s Republic of China Poultry Institute Chinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesYangzhouJiangsuChina

Background: Vitellogenin(VTG) is a precursor of egg yolk proteins synthesized within the liver of oviparous vertebrates. Betaine is an important methyl donor that is reported to improve egg production of laying hens with an unclear mechanism. In the present study, we fed betaine-supplemented diet(0.5%) to laying hens for 4 wk and investigated its effect on VTGII expression in the ***: Betaine did not affect chicken weight, but significantly(P laying rate accompanied with a significant(P < 0.05) increase in hepatic concentration and plasma level of VTGI. Plasma estrogen level did not change,but the hepatic expression of estrogen receptor α(ERα) mR NA was significantly(P < 0.05) up-regulated. Betaine did not affect the protein content of ERα, but significantly(P < 0.05) increased hepatic expression of glucocorticoid receptor(GR)at both mR NA and protein levels. Also, ERα/GR interaction tended to be enhanced in the liver nuclear lysates of betainesupplemented hens as determined by co-immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, dietary betaine supplementation significantly increased(P < 0.05) the hepatic expression of methyl-transfer enzymes, such as BHMT, GNMT, and DNMT1,which was associated with higher SAM/SAH ratio and hypomethylation of GR promoter ***: Betaine activates hepatic VTGII expression in association with modified DNA methylation of GR gene promoter, GR expression and ERα/GR interaction. Activation of hepatic VTGII expression may contribute, at least partly, to improved egg production in betaine-supplemented hens.

关键词： Betaine Glucocorticoid receptor Hypomethylation laying hens Vitellogenin

Ascorbic acid synthesis and transportation capacity in old laying hens and the effects of dietary supplementation with ascorbic acid

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第1期10卷 128-139页

作者： Liping Gan Hao Fan Wei Nie Yuming Guo The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural University

Background: laying hens over 75 weeks of age commonly show great declines in immunity and production *** is unclear whether these declines can be relieved by supplementing with ascorbic acid(AA) in *** trials were conducted to investigate the synthesis and metabolism of AA in layers of different ages and the effects of dietary supplemental AA on the performance and the immune and antioxidant statuses of 78 weeks old ***: In Exp.1,equal numbers(24 hens) of 35 weeks old(Young) and 75 weeks old(Old) layers were fed the same diet without AA supplementation for 4 *** Exp.2,360 healthy 78 weeks old laying hens were randomly assigned to 4 treatments(basal diet supplemented with 0,0.25,0.5,or 1 g AA/kg diet) in an 8-week feeding ***: The old hens tended to have decreased L-gulonolactone oxidase(GLO) synthase activity in the kidney and liver than that of the young hens(P = 0.07 and P = 0.05,respectively).Compared with the young hens,the old hens had lower hepatic antioxidant capacity allowing for the lower thioredoxin(TXN),thioredoxin reductase(TXNR) and cytochrome b5 reductase(CYB5 R) gene expression(P laying hens could synthesize AA in both the kidney and the liver,though the GLO enzyme activities were 100 times greater in kidneys than in *** old laying hens had greater absorption and reabsorption capacity and higher AA retention in some tissues that did the young ***

关键词： Ascorbic acid Antioxidant capacity Immunity L-gulonolactone oxidase Old laying hens

Last but not the least: effects of laying sequence on egg color variation and embryonic development of Russet Sparrow(Passer cinnamomeus)

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Avian Research 2018年第3期9卷 198-205页

作者： Juan Huo Tongping Su Nan Niu Canchao Yang Wei Liang Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life Sciences Hainan Normal University College of Forestry Guangxi University

Background: laying sequence has important effects on eggshell color and embryonic development in birds. Some birds can allocate resources unevenly among the eggs within a clutch, prioritizing those at the beginning of the laying sequence, in order to maximize reproductive success. The changes in egg color according to laying sequence may be an adaptation to pressure from predators or brood ***: In this study, effects of laying sequence on egg color and embryonic heart rate in Russet Sparrows(Passer cinnamomeus) were investigated using artificial nest boxes. The eggs were divided into three groups: first to be laid, intermediate in the laying sequence, and last to be laid. We maintained the eggs in an incubator and measured embryonic heart ***: Avian visual modeling showed that the background color brightness of the last eggs laid was significantly higher(whiter) than those of the other eggs. All eggs were about the same size and hatched around 13 days, indicating that laying sequence significantly affected embryonic development speed; the last eggs to be laid developed significantly faster than did the first in the ***: Our study quantified the effect of laying sequence on egg color variation and proved that laying sequence has an important effect on embryonic heart rate in Russet Sparrows.

关键词： Egg color variation Egg color quantification Embryonic development Fiber optic spectrometer laying sequence Russet Sparrow

Effect of supplementing layer hen diet with phytogenic feed additives on laying performance, egg quality, egg lipid peroxidation and blood biochemical constituents

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第4期4卷 394-400页

作者： Reham Abou-Elkhair Shaimaa Selim Eman Hussein Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Sadat City Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Menoufia Department of Poultry Production Faculty of Agriculture University of Menoufia

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing laying hen diet with phytogenic additives on laying performance, egg quality, blood constituents and egg lipid peroxidation. Two hundred Lohmann Brown Lite laying hens were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments: control(without phytogenic additive), fennel seeds(5 g/kg), black cumin seeds(5 g/kg) and hot red pepper(5 g/kg).Each of the 4 diets was fed to 5 replicates of 10 hens for 8 weeks. No significant differences were observed in body weight or feed intake between the groups. Dietary inclusion of fennel followed by red pepper improved(P laying hen diets compared with control. The inclusion of black cumin or hot red pepper decreased serum and egg yolk cholesterol and malondialdehyde concentrations(P laying performance and egg quality were obtained by dietary inclusion of fennel, followed by hot red pepper and black cumin. Dietary supplementation of black cumin or red pepper may lead to the development of low-cholesterol concentration and better antioxidant capacity of eggs.

关键词： Phytogenic additives Egg quality Hepatoprotective activity Lipid peroxidation Cholesterol laying hens

Relationship on the Head Deviation Rate and laying Length of Porous Tubes

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2019年第5期26卷 88-96页

作者： Yameng Wang Huanfang Liu College of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering Shihezi University

To improve the utilization efficiency of water the laying length of porous tubes was analyzed. Considering long porous tubes the irrigation uniformity of porous tubes was studied by analyzing the deviation rate of the working head of porous tubes and through an impact analysis of the deviation ratio of flow rate based on laying length slope pressure head and perforation spacing. Results showed that the deviation ratio of the flow rate could be reduced by decreasing the length of tubes and increasing the slope. The deviation ratio of flow rate was less influenced by pressure head and perforation spacing. A best laid slope resulted in a longer laying length of the porous tubes and they were not constant.

关键词： flow deviation rate porous tubes deviation rate of working head laying length head loss

laying the Foundation of Love Begins with the Love of One's Parents

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走进孔子（中英文） 2024年第4期 107-110页

作者： Yang Chaoming Advanced Institute for Confucian Studies at Shandong University

After returning to Lu from his journey through various states,Confucius often engaged in discussions with Duke Ai of *** day,the Duke asked,“Your instructions to me have been thorough and *** should I begin implementing them?”Confucius replied,“laying the foundation of love beginning with the love of parents teaches people concord.”

关键词： One discussions laying

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laying“Fishermen”

走向世界 2006年第5期 80-81页

作者：王志勇

A fish was swimming in its own limited space with not quite delicious foods. One day, a hook with bait suddenly burst in. Eat or not? The fish was hesitating, but the fisherman knew it was time to reel up. This is actually a 3-person occupational game: the fisherman is a headhunting company, the fish bait represents companies, and the hesitating fish are the candidates to be hunted.

关键词： laying Fishermen Wang mode

Effects of dietary CoQ<sub>10</sub>and α-lipoic acid on CoQ<sub>10</sub>levels in plasma and tissues of eggs laying hens

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2013年第2期6卷 185-191页

作者： Petra Jazbec Krizman Andrej Smidovnik Alenka Golc Wondra Mitja Krizman Mirko Prosek National Institute of Chemistry Ljubljana Slovenia

In this paper we described the effect of administrated CoQ10, and alfa-lipoic acid on the concentration of total CoQ10 inplasma end body tissues of eggs laying hens. Organisms raise a complex network of enzymes, metabolites and molecules with antioxidant activities in order to prevent oxidative damage of theirs bodies. Adequate blood concentrations of small weight molecules ingested with food and food additives are important for the proper functioning of the antioxidant defense. To test this hypothesis we prepared following experiment. Forty weeks old hens were selected from two genotypes;Ross 308 broiler mothers and Lohmann breed hens. Animals were fed for a period of 84 days. Concentrations of supplemented CoQ10 and ALAwere calculated from feed instruction tables so each hen received an average of approximately 5 mg of CoQ10 and 50 mg ofALAper kg of animal weight per day. During the experiment blood samples were taken and at the end of the experiment different body tissues (heart, liver, breast, legs) were collected and analyzed with originally developed HPLC-MS/MS method based selective ionization with LiCl on MRM scanning. We found a number of interesting and unexpected results. Supplemented CoQ10 increased concentrations of coenzyme CoQ10 inplasma and different hen’s tissues. Increased concentration of CoQ10 is the result of its transfer with chylomicrons from the digestive tract to various organs of the body and to the liver where exogenous and endogenous CoQ10 has been re-redistributed through lipoproteins. Supplemented ALA caused much greater concentration of CoQ10 indifferent tissues and plasma then CoQ10. Plausible explanation of our results is such that ALA may regenerates the antioxidants and accelerate the formation of endogenous CoQ10 which is distributed with lipoprotein carriers and increases overall concentration of CoQ10. Our experiments definitely show that Lipoic acid beside glutathione promotes also a synthesis of CoQ10 and increases the total c

关键词： laying Hens Coenzyme Q10 α-Lipoic Acid Antioxidant Network Fodder Additive