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Quantifying a critical marl thickness for vertical fracture extension using field data and numerical experiments

Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第6期10卷 2135-2145页

作者： Filiz Afsar Elco Luijendijk Kalkulo AS Simula Research LaboratoryMartin Linges vei 17Fornebu1364Norway Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of CaliforniaRiverside900 University AvenueCalifornia92521USA Department of Structural Geology and Geodynamics University of GottingenGoldschmidtstrasse 337077GottingenGermany

In fractured reservoirs characterized by low matrix permeability,fracture networks control the main fluid flow ***,in layered reservoirs,the vertical extension of fractures is often restricted to single *** this study,we explored the effect of changing marl/shale thickness on fracture extension using comprehensive field data and numerical *** field data were sampled from coastal exposures of Liassic limestone-marl/shale alternations in Wales and Somerset(Bristol Channel Basin,UK).The vertical fracture traces of more than 4000 fractures were mapped in *** sections were selected to represent a variety of layer *** the field data also thin sections were *** models of fracture extension in a two-layer limestone-marl system were based on field data and laboratory measurements of Young's *** modeled principal stress magnitude σ3 along the lithological contact was used as an indication for fracture extension through *** data exhibit good correlation(R^2=0.76) between fracture extension and marl thickness,the thicker the marl layer the fewer fractures propagate *** model results show that almost no tensile stress reaches the top of the marl layer when the marls are thicker than 30 *** marls that are less than 20 cm,the propagation of stress is more dependent on the stiffness of the *** higher the contrast between limestone and marl stiffness the lower the stress that is transmitted into the marl *** both model experiments and field data the critical marl thickness for fracture extension is ca.15-20 *** quantification of critical marl thicknesses can be used to improve predictions of fracture networks and permeability in layered ***-or downsampling methods often ignore spatially continuous impermeable layers with thicknesses that are under the detection limit of seismic ***,ignoring these layers can lead to overestimates of the overall ***,

关键词： Boundary element modelling Marl/limestone multilayer layer thickness and stiffness control Permeability Fractured reservoirs

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