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Impact of Three Isolates of Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. Et M.A Curt.), a Pathogen of late leaf spot, on Defoliation and Yield in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Controlled Conditions

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第10期14卷 1101-1114页

作者： Bawomon Fidèle Neya Tobdem Gaston Dabire Alassane Ouattara Amado Sawadogo Diariétou Sambakhe Kouka Hamidou Sogoba Tounwendsida Abel Nana Ibié Gilles Thio Frank Essem Kadidia Koita University Center of Gaoua Nazi BONI University Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Life and Earth Sciences Unit Joseph KI-ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Senegalese Institute of Agricultural Research/CERAAS Thiès Senegal Institute for the Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development Mampong Ghana

late leaf spot caused by Cercosporidium personatum is one of the most widespread groundnut leaf diseases. Along with early leaf spot and rust, it is one of the main fungal diseases hampering groundnut production worldwide. late leaf spot accounts for significant yield losses throughout the world where groundnuts are grown. This reduction in yield caused by the disease could result in yield losses of between 50% and 70%. In Burkina Faso, the disease is present throughout the country, with incidence varying according to region and season. Could the variability in the incidence of the disease be linked to the nature of the isolates or to the conditions from each agro-ecological zone? In this study, the aim was to assess the capacity of three isolates from three agroclimatic zones of the country to defoliate and reduce groundnut yield. To this end, three isolates of Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. Et M.A Curt.) were collected in these zones and evaluated on three contrasting groundnut varieties. A split-splot design was used for the experiment. Isolates were prepared from samples collected in farmers’ fields. After incubation in the laboratory, leaf spots showing good sporulation were scraped off with a scalpel after immersing the leaves in distilled water. Inoculations were carried out under controlled environment. After inoculation with the isolate, the percentage of defoliation and the reduction in yield of these varieties were then evaluated. Inoculation was carried out from the 30th day after sowing with Cercosporidium personatum spore suspensions at 105 spores/ml. The study showed that the percentage of defoliation (P = 0.0001) and the reduction in yield (P = 0.0001) were significant. The study revealed that, whatever the variety, isolate I3TF from the Upper Basins region in the South Sudanese zone caused the greatest defoliation and the greatest reduction in yield. The variety TS32-1, regardless of the isolate used for the treatment, recorded the best

关键词： Arachis hypogaea Isolate late leaf spot Cercosporidum personatum Yield Defoliation

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Improvement of three popular Indian groundnut varieties for foliar disease resistance and high oleic acid using SSR markers and SNP array in marker-assisted backcrossing

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The Crop Journal 2020年第1期8卷 1-15页

作者： Yaduru Shasidhar Murali T.Variath Manish K.Vishwakarma Surendra S.Manohar Sunil S.Gangurde Manda Sriswathi Hari Kishan Sudini Keshavji L.Dobariya Sandip K.Bera Thankappan Radhakrishnan Manish K.Pandey Pasupuleti Janila Rajeev K.Varshney International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics(ICRISAT) HyderabadIndia Department of Genetics Osmania UniversityHyderabadIndia Junagadh Agricultural University JunagadhIndia ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research JunagadhIndia

Foliar fungal diseases(rust and late leaf spot)incur large yield losses,in addition to the deterioration of fodder quality in groundnut *** oleic acid has emerged as a key market trait in groundnut,as it increases the shelf life of the produce/products in addition to providing health benefits to ***-assisted backcrossing(MABC)is the most successful approach to introgressing or pyramiding one or more traits using traitlinked *** used MABC to improve three popular Indian cultivars(GJG 9,GG 20,and GJGHPS 1)for foliar disease resistance(FDR)and high oleic acid content.A total of 22 BC3F4 and 30 BC2F4 introgression lines(ILs)for FDR and 46 BC3F4 and 41 BC2F4 ILs for high oleic acid were *** parent genome analysis using the 58 K Axiom_Arachis array identified several lines showing upto 94%of genome recovery among second and third backcross *** of these ILs revealed FDR scores comparable to the resistant parent,GPBD 4,and ILs with high(~80%)oleic acid in addition to high genome *** ILs provide further opportunities for pyramiding FDR and high oleic acid in all three genetic backgrounds as well as for conducting multi-location yield trials for further evaluation and release for cultivation in target regions of India.

关键词： Foliar disease resistance High oleic acid late leaf spot Marker-assisted backcrossing SNP array Background genome recovery

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Evaluation under Semi-Controlled Conditions of the Pathogenicity of Three Isolates of Phaeoisariopsis personata (Berk. & M.A Curt.)

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第3期14卷 356-367页

作者： Bawomon Fidèle Neya Amado Sawadogo Tounwendsida Abel Nana Kadidia Koita University Center of Gaoua Nazi BONI University Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Life and Earth Sciences Unit Joseph KI-ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) late leaf spot is an important disease caused by Phaeoisariopsis personata (Berk. Et M. A Curt.). This fungus is responsible for the most damaging leaf spots in peanut production. The present experiment was undertaken to evaluate the pathogenic variability of Phaeoisariopsis personata in Burkina Faso. To this end, detached leaves and healthy plants of three peanut varieties were inoculated. Isolates I3TF, I2TG and I1TK of the pathogen (105 conidia/ml), collected respectively in the western, central and eastern agroecological zones of country, were used. The inoculated leaves were kept in Petri dishes on moist blotting paper and stored in the laboratory during the experimental period. The inoculated plants were grown under glass in pots containing a mixture of sterilized sand and clay. The development of disease was monitored and severity was scored every 15 days using rating scale. The results obtained in the laboratory and in the greenhouse revealed that there is pathogenic variability in the isolates tested. Indeed, for each variety, the highest severity score was recorded in plants inoculated with isolate I3TF and the lowest severity score with isolate I1TG. In the laboratory the severity scores ranged from 6.76 to 8.80 in TS32-1, 6.18 to 8.29 in SH70P and 5.98 to 7.92 in PC79-79. In the greenhouse, the average severity scores ranged from 5.61 to 8.33 in TS32-1, from 5.19 to 8.00 in SH70P, from 4.90 to 7.50 in PC79-79. Thus, the variety TS32-1 was the most susceptible to all three isolates of the pathogen.

关键词： Peanut late leaf spot Pathogenic Variability Severity Score Isolate

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