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late quaternary Activity of the Huashan Piedmont Fault and Associated Hazards in the Southeastern Weihe Graben,Central China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第1期91卷 76-92页

作者： DU Jianjun LI Dunpeng WANG Yufang MA Yinsheng Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100081 China Key Laboratory of Neotectonic Movement and Geohazard Ministry of Land and Resources Beijing 100081 China College of Zijin Mining Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China Center of Oil and Gas Resources Survey China Geological Survey Beijing 100029 China

The Weihe Graben is not only an important Cenozoic fault basin in China but also a significant active seismic zone. The Huashan piedmont fault is an important active fault on the southeast side of the Weihe Graben and has been highly active since the Cenozoic. The well–known Great Huaxian County Earthquake of 1556 occurred on the Huashan piedmont fault. This earthquake, which claimed the lives of approximately 830000 people, is one of the few large earthquakes known to have occurred on a high–angle normal fault. The Huashan piedmont fault is a typical active normal fault that can be used to study tectonic activity and the associated hazards. In this study, the types and characteristics of late quaternary deformation along this fault are discussed from geological investigations, historical research and comprehensive analysis. On the basis of its characteristics and activity, the fault can be divided into three sections, namely eastern, central and western. The eastern and western sections display normal slip. Intense deformation has occurred along the two sections during the quaternary; however, no deformation has occurred during the Holocene. The central section has experienced significant high–angle normal fault activity during the quaternary, including the Holocene. Holocene alluvial fans and loess cut by the fault have been identified at the mouths of many stream valleys of the Huashan Mountains along the central section of the Huashan piedmont fault zone. Of the three sections of the Huashan piedmont fault, the central section is the most active and was very active during the late quaternary. The rate of normal dip–slip was 1.67–2.71±0.11 mm/a in the Holocene and 0.61±0.15 mm/a during the Mid–late Pleistocene. As is typical of normal faults, the late quaternary activity of the Huashan piedmont fault has produced a set of disasters, which include frequent earthquakes, collapses, landslides, mudslides and ground fissures. Ground fissures mainly occur on the hanging–wall of the Huashan piedmont fault, with lands

关键词： Weihe Graben Huashan piedmont fault late quaternary fault–related hazards normal fault

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late quaternary Paleoclimatic Change in the Ulleung Basin,East Sea,Korea

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第1期91卷 263-269页

作者： Young-Suk BAK Young-Up LEE The Earth and Environmental System Research Center Chonbuk National University Jeonju 54896 South Korea

Paleoclimatic changes in the late quaternary sediments deposited in the East Sea were analyzed by studying diatoms. A total of 95 species belonging to 47 genera were identified from the Core02GHP-02 of the Ulleung Basin in the East Sea, Korea. In the Core 02GHP-02, U-Oki（169–181 cm; 9.3 ka）, AT（464–465.5 cm; 22 ka） and U–Ym（556–559 cm; 33 ka） tephra layers were recognized. The chronological divisions of 02GHP-02 may be correlated with the climatic changes from the glacial interval（730–620 cm; MIS3）, to interstadial（620–500 cm; MIS3）, to the last glacial maximum（500–390 cm; MIS 2）, to the deglaciation（390–290 cm; MIS 2）, to the late glacial（290–190 cm; MIS 1）, and to the Holocene（190–10 cm; MIS 1）. It is speculated that diatoms were rarely found during the glacial interval when the 02GHP-02 core was deposited; during the interstadial（MIS 3） and deglaciation, a mixture of warm-water and cold-water species were found. In particular, Fragilariopsis doliolus seems to have appeared in the East Sea after 8 ka BP. In the lower layers of the Holocene deposits, cold-water species such as Neodenticula seminae were frequently found, while in the upper layers, warm-water species such as Hemidiscus cuneiformis were found in relatively large abundance. Therefore, the findings indicate that the climate became warmer during the transition from the lower layer to the upper layer of the Holocene deposits.

关键词： diatoms paleoclimatic change late quaternary glacial interval MIS

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late quaternary palaeoenvironmental changes documented by microfaunas and shell stable isotopes in the southern Pearl River Delta plain,South China

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2013年第4期2卷 344-361页

作者： Liu Chunlian Franz T. Fürsich Wu Jie Dong Yixin Yang Tingting Yin Jian Department of Earth Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Geozentrum Nordbayern FG Pal oumwelt der Friedrich-Alexander-Universitt Erlangen Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes

Ahigh resolution study of sediments,microfaunas(ostracods and foraminifers),and stable isotopes of ostracod shells from core PRD05,sampled from the Da’ao plain of the Pearl River Delta,provides new data about palaeoenvironmental changes during the late quaternary.The basal fluvial gravelly sediments of the core,representing the lowest deposits of the quaternary at the core site,were possibly formed prior to the transgression associated with the last interglacial stage.This fluvial setting changed into a marginal marine setting during the last interglacial stage,any record of calcareous fossils were destroyed by subsequent dissolution during the last glacial phase,when the upper part of the deltaic sediments experienced subaerial oxidation,indicated by a mottled clay layer in the core.The postglacial sealevel rise in the South China Sea began at16,700 cal yr B.P.During the first phase of sea-level rise(from ~16,700 to 10,100 cal yr B.P.),a swamp environment developed at the core site.At ~10,100 cal yr B.P.,marine waters intruded onto the Da’ao plain and reached the core site through the Modaomen channel.This timing was earlier than in other parts of the Pearl River Delta.Since then,a semi-enclosed estuarine environment developed and was maintained until ~5560 cal yr B.P.During this transgressive interval,short-term environmental fluctuations can be recognized based on microfauna and shell geochemical data.From ~10,100 to 8630 cal yr B.P.,the sea-level rose,which was followed by a fall from ~8630 to 8520 cal yr B.P.An expanded transgression occurred between ~8520 and 7900 cal yr B.P.The time intervals from ~8520 to 8200 cal yr B.P.and from ~8080 to 7900 cal yr B.P.were marked by peak transgression.From ~7900 to 5560 cal yr B.P.,the core site generally showed a reduced marine influence and enhanced freshwater input.A fluvial environment developed from ~5560 to 3100 cal yr B.P.,and was succeeded by an alluvial plain setting.

关键词： late quaternary microfauna shell stable isotopes palaeoenvironment Pearl River Delta

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late quaternary diatom and sea level changes in estuarine plain of the Jiulong River

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1998年第4期17卷 509-518页

作者： Chen Wenrui, (State Pilot Laboratory of Coast and Island Exploitation, Naning University, Naning 210093, China)Lan Dongzhao and Chen Chenghui (Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China) State Pilot Lab. Coast Isl. E. Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Xiamen 361005 China

Four units and twenty-four zones of diatom have been discerned in the Borehole ZK5 in the estuarine plain of the Jiulong River, Fujian Province. Comprehensive analysis of these, together with microbiological assemblages and age determinations in some other boreholes, shows that during the late Wurm Glacial, sea level of the study area rose and fell frequently, but had principally been in the environments of estuary-bay. This mainly resulted from the tectonic subouction. In this period 3 low sea levels occurred. at 18, 16 and 12 kaBP respectively. During Holocene, sea weter intruded massively and the sea level over the transgnaion maximum had been 5-10 m higher than that of the present.

关键词： late quaternary diatom sea level change estuarine plain the Jiulong River

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The sedimentation rates in the Okinawa Trough during the late quaternary

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2005年第4期24卷 146-154页

作者： XIONG Yingqian LIU Zhenxia LI Tiegang LIU Yanguang YU Hua Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China

On the basis of accelerator mass spectrometer radiocarbon （AMS ^14C） dating, sedimentation rates of 11 cores collected from the northern to southern Okinawa Trough are discussed. The sedimentation rates in the Okinawa Trough roughly range from 11 to 39cm/ka, and the average is 23.0cm/ka. China＇s continental matter is the main sediment source of the middle Okinawa Trough and has important contribution to the northern and southern Okinawa Trough. The sedimentation rates during the marine oxygen isotope （MIS） 2 are uniformly higher than those during MIS 1 in the northern and middle Okinawa Trough while they are on the contrary in the southern Okinawa Trough. Sedimentation rates in the Okinawa Trough can be one of the proxies of sediment source and an indicator of cooling events.

关键词： Okinawa Trough late quaternary sedimentation rates sediment source cooling events

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Characteristics and accumulation model of the late quaternary shallow biogenic gas in the modern Changjiang delta area, eastern China

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Petroleum Science 2017年第2期14卷 261-275页

作者： Xia Zhang Chun-Ming Lin State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu China

The Changjiang（Yangtze）is one of the largest rivers in the world.It formed a huge incised valley at its mouth during the Last Glacial Maximum;the incised-valley fill,approximately 80–110 m thick,supplies an important foundation for the generation of shallow biogenic-gas reservoirs.Two cores and 13 cone penetration tests were used to elaborate the characteristics,formation mechanism,and distribution of the shallow biogenic-gas reservoirs in the study area.The natural gas is mainly composed of CH4（generally[95%）with a δ^13CCH4 and δ^13CCO2 of-75.8 to-67.7% and -34.5 to-6.6%,respectively,and a δDCH4 of-215 to-185%,indicating a biogenic origin by the carbon dioxide reduction pathway.Commercial biogenic gas occurs primarily in the sand bodies of fluvial-channel,floodplain,and paleo-estuary facies with a burial depth of 50–80 m.Gas sources as well as cap beds are gray to yellowish-gray mud of floodplain,paleoestuary,and offshore shallow marine facies.The organic matter in gas sources is dominated by immature type Ⅲ kerogen（gas prone）.The difference in permeability（about4–6 orders of magnitude）between cap beds and reservoirs makes the cap beds effectively prevent the upward escape of gas in the reservoirs.This formation mechanism is consistent with that for the shallow biogenic gas in the late quaternary Qiantang River incised valley to the south.Therefore,this study should provide further insight into understanding the formation and distribution of shallow biogenic gas in other similar postglacial incised-valley systems.

关键词： Biogenic gas - Formation mechanism late quaternary Modern Changjiang delta Eastern China

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Tectonic and climatic controls on late quaternary bajada sedimentation along Narmada-Son Fault(NSF),Gujarat,Western India

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2013年第1期28卷 66-76页

作者： Parul N.JOSHI D.M.MAURYA L.S.CHAMYAL Department of Geology The M.S.University of BarodaVadodara-390002GujaratIndia Department of Geology Faculty of ScienceThe Maharaja Sayajirao University of BarodaVadoadra-390002GujaratIndia

An alluvial bajada has been recognized along a part of the active Narmada-Son Fault(NSF) and confined by the Karjan River on the eastern side and by the Madhumati River on western side.The bajada sequence exposed along the incised cliffs of various north flowing parallel streams has been studied in their proximal,medial and distal part. The sediments are characterized on the basis of grain size,fabric,sedimentary structures,bed geometry and sorting, and lithologs prepared from the mapped cliff sections.Detailed study of sedimentary characteristics,lithofacies analysis and facies associations indicate that sediments are mainly of three types-sediments that were deposited by debris flows and sediment gravity flows,and as extensive bar deposits.Three major aggredational sequences are recognized.Each sequence is composed of coarsening-upward sequence of proximal facies overlain by fining-upward sequence of distal facies.Coarsening upward sequence record periods of tectonic activity related to uplift along the NSF and fan progradation,whereas fining-upward sequence results from tectonic quiescence periods.The presence of rhizocretions,calcium carbonate nodules and calcite sheets within the basal debris flow and sediment gravity flow indicate semi-arid climate,whereas the formation of pedoginized paleosol indicate relatively wetter climate prevailing in the study area.Tectonic activity along the NSF has played dominant role by controlling the geometry and volume of bajada sediments.Climate is found to be responsible for compositional and temporal distribution of bajada sediments.OSL dating suggests that the bajada sediments were deposited during the later part of late Pleistocene.The incision of the sediments is attributed to uplift due to inversion of the lower Narmada basin during the early Holocene.

关键词： Bajada Alluvial fan Sedimentary facies late quaternary Tectonics Climate Narmada-Son Fault(NSF) Western India

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Facies character and geochemical signature in the late quaternary meteoric diagenetic carbonate succession at the Xisha Islands,South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2021年第3期40卷 94-111页

作者： Wanli Chen Xiaoxia Huang Shiguo Wu Gang Liu Haotian Wei Jiaqing Wu Laboratory of Marine Geophysics and Georesources Institute of Deep-sea Science and EngineeringSanya 572000China Laboratory for Marine Geology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266034China University of China Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of Earth and Environmental Science University of PotsdamPotsdam 14476Germany Institute of Marine Geology Survey Bureau of Hainan Marine Geology SurveyHaikou 570206China Key Laboratory of Marine Geological Resources and Environment of Hainan Province Marine Geological Survey Institute of Hainan ProvinceHaikou 570206China College of Marine Geosciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China

The late quaternary shallow-water carbonates have been altered by a variety of diagenetic processes,and further influenced by high-amplitude global and regional sea level changes.This study utilizes a new borehole drilled on the Yongxing Island,Xisha Islands to investigate meteoric diagenetic alteration in the late quaternary shallowwater carbonates.Petrographic,mineralogical,stable isotopic and elemental data provide new insights into the meteoric diagenetic processes of the reef limestone.The results show the variation in the distribution of aragonite,high-Mg calcite(HMC)and low-Mg calcite(LMC)divides the shallow-water carbonates in Core SSZK1 into three intervals,which are UnitⅠ(31.20-55.92 m,LMC),UnitⅡ(18.39-31.20 m,aragonite and LMC)and UnitⅢ(upper 18.39 m of core,aragonite,LMC and HMC).Various degrees of meteoric diagenesis exist in the identified three units.The lowermost UnitⅠhas suffered almost complete freshwater diagenesis,whereas the overlying UnitsⅡandⅢhave undergone incompletely meteoric diagenesis.The amount of time that limestone has been in the freshwater diagenetic environment has the largest impact on the degree of meteoric diagenesis.Approximately four intact facies/water depth cycles are recognized.The cumulative depletion of elements such as strontium(Sr),sodium(Na)and sulphur(S)caused by duplicated meteoric diagenesis in the older reef sequences are distinguished from the younger reef sequences.This study provides a new record of meteoric diagenesis,which is well reflected by whole-rock mineralogy and geochemistry.

关键词： shallow-water carbonates meteoric diagenesis elemental concentration facies cycles Xisha Islands late quaternary

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Paleoceanographic records in the Chukchi Basin, western Arctic Ocean during the late quaternary

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2012年第1期31卷 83-94页

作者： WANG Rujian XIAO Wenshen SHAO Lei CHEN Jianfang GAO Aiguo State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic AdministrationHangzhou 310012China Department of Oceanography Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

The late quaternary paleoceanographic changes in the western Arctic Ocean are revealed by quan- titative studies of foraminiferal abundance, ice-rafted detritus （IRD） and its mineralogical and petrological compositions, planktonic Neogloboquadrina pachyderma （sin.）（Nps）-δ18O and -δ13C, biogenic and non-biogenic components in Core M03 token from the Chukchi Basin during the Sec- ond Chinese National Arctic Expedition cruise. Seven IRD events appeared at MIS 7, 5, 3 and 1. These IRD were carried in massive icebergs, which were exported to the Beaufort Sea through the M＇Clure Strait Ice Stream, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and then transported into the Chukchi Basin by the Beaufort Gyre. Low IRD deposition occurred during the glacial times when more extended ice cover and weakened Beaufort Gyre, while the open water condition and the intensified Beaufort Gyre during interglacial periods favored the IRD deposition. Therefore, the IRD events not only indicate the provenance of coarser detritus and ice export events, but also reflect the evolutionary histories of the Beaufort Gyre and North American ice sheet. Seven light Nps-δ18O and -δ13C excursions could respond to enhanced rates of sea ice formation resulting in the pro- duction and sinking of isotopically light brines, but was irrelevant to the warm Atlantic water and freshwater inputs. Whereas, the heavy Nps-δ18O and -δ13C values separately reflect the lessened Arctic freshwater and Pacific water, and well-ventilated surface water from the continental shelf and halocline water. Variations of CaCO3 content and planktonic foraminiferal abundance during the interglacial and glacial periods can demonstrate the incremental or diminishing input of the Atlantic water, while the total organic carbon （TOC） and opal contents increased and decreased during the glacial and interglacial periods, respectively, which could be related to the TOC degradation, opal dissolution and redox conditions of interface between the bottom water and sediments.

关键词： IRD events ice sheet light Nps-δ18O and -δ13C excursions surface productivity late quaternary Arctic Ocean Chukchi Basin

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A late quaternary Climate Record Based on Multi-Proxies Analysis from the Jiaochang Loess Section in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第6期81卷 1087-1096页

作者： BAI Song TANG Ya WANG Chengshan HUANG Chengmin Department of Environmental Science and Engineering School of Architecture and Environment Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China

We compared the stable carbon isotopic records from a loess transect of the Jiaochang in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, spanning the last -21,000 years, with multiproxy data for pedogenesis, including magnetic susceptibility, clay fraction, Fed/Fet ratio, carbonate and total organic carbon content, in order to probe the mechanisms of δ^13C values of organic matter and late quaternary climate variations in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Our results indicate that there is no simple relationship between δ^13C of organic matter and summer monsoon variations. The change in δ^13C values of organic matter （in accordance with the ratios of C3 to C4 plants） results from the interaction among temperature, aridity and atmospheric pCO2 level. Drier climate and lower atmospheric pCO2 level contribute to positive carbon isotopic excursion, while negative carbon isotopic excursion is the result of lower temperature and increased atmospheric pCO2 level. Additionally, our results imply that the Tibetan monsoon may play an important role in climate system in the eastern Tibet Plateau, which specifically reflects frequently changing climate in that area. The results provide new insights into the forcing mechanisms on both the δ^13C values of organic matter and the local climate system.

关键词： eastern Tibetan Plateau Jiaochang loess carbon isotope last glacial late quaternary

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