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late sowing enhances lodging resistance of wheat plants by improving the biosynthesis and accumulation of lignin and cellulose

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第5期22卷 1351-1365页

作者： DONG Xiu-chun QIAN Tai-feng CHU Jin-peng ZHANG Xiu LIU Yun-jing DAI Xing-long HE Ming-rong State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming SystemMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Agronomy CollegeShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018P.R.China Jining Agricultural Technology Extension Center Jining 272113P.R.China

Delayed sowing mitigates lodging in wheat. However, the mechanism underlying the enhanced lodging resistance in wheat has yet to be fully elucidated. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of sowing date on lignin and cellulose metabolism, stem morphological characteristics, lodging resistance, and grain yield. Seeds of Tainong 18,a winter wheat variety, were sown on October 8(normal sowing) and October 22(late sowing) during both of the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 growing seasons. The results showed that late sowing enhanced the lodging resistance of wheat by improving the biosynthesis and accumulation of lignin and cellulose. Under late sowing, the expression levels of key genes(Ta PAL, Ta CCR, Ta COMT, TaCAD, and TaCesA1, 3, 4, 7, and 8) and enzyme activities(TaPAL and TaCAD) related to lignin and cellulose biosynthesis peaked 4–12 days earlier, and except for the TaPAL, TaCCR, and TaCesA1 genes and TaPAL, in most cases they were significantly higher than under normal sowing. As a result, lignin and cellulose accumulated quickly during the stem elongation stage. The mean and maximum accumulation rates of lignin and cellulose increased, the maximum accumulation contents of lignin and cellulose were higher, and the cellulose accumulation duration was prolonged. Consequently, the lignin/cellulose ratio and lignin content were increased from 0 day and the cellulose content was increased from 11 days after jointing onward. Our main finding is that the improved biosynthesis and accumulation of lignin and cellulose were responsible for increasing the stem-filling degree, breaking strength, and lodging resistance. The major functional genes enhancing lodging resistance in wheat that are induced by delayed sowing need to be determined.

关键词： cellulose late sowing lignin lodging resistance wheat

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late Mesozoic tectonostratigraphic division and correlation of the Bohai Bay basin: Implications for the Yanshanian Orogeny

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第11期62卷 1783-1804页

作者： Jichang ZHU Youliang FENG Qing-Ren MENG Fengcheng WU Hao LI Haitao LIU Feipeng ZHANG Tianyu WANG Guoli WU Caineng ZOU Rixiang ZHU Institute of Geology and Geophysics CASBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Innovation Academy for Earth Science CASBeijing 100029China PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing 100083China Institute of Sinopec Exploration and Development Research Beijing 100083China School of Geosciences China University of PetroleumQingdao 266580China

We present the results of Mesozoic sequences of the Bohai Bay basin in North China, based mainly on geochronology and interpretations of seismic profiles and logging data. Five tectono-stratigraphic sequences are defined: Lower-Middle Triassic, Lower-Middle Jurassic, Upper Jurassic, Lower Cretaceous and Upper Cretaceous. Based on an analysis of detrital zircons, the clastic rocks recorded two intervals of Jurassic magmatic activity, during 180–175 and 160–152 Ma, which can be correlated to the Nandaling and Tiaojishan Formations in the Yanshan area, respectively. However, since Jurassic volcanic rocks have not yet been found in the Bohai Bay basin, we speculate that these two stages of activity were mainly concentrated around the periphery of the North China Craton(NCC) rather than within. Based on an analysis of zircons from volcanic rocks and pyroclastics, the early Cretaceous magmatism in the Bohai Bay basin can be divided into two stages, 125–120 and 110–100 Ma,which can be correlated to magmatism in the eastern part of the NCC. The zircon ages indicate an absence of volcanic activity during the late Tuchengzi and Zhangjiakou periods which may correlate to the uplift of the Bohai Bay basin in the late late Jurassic. Comparison of the development of Mesozoic basins and sedimentary strata in the central-eastern part of Yanshan tectonic belt and the the Bohai Bay basin indicates that the two areas are generally comparable, but with substantial differences.The central-eastern part of the Yanshan structural belt lacks Early-Middle Triassic strata, and the Bohai Bay basin lacks late Jurassic-early Cretaceous strata. Based on research results from late Mesozoic sedimentary structures in the central and eastern parts of the Yanshan tectonic belt, we infer that episode A of the Yanshanian Orogeny was weak in the Bohai Bay basin and its periphery, while episode B of the Yanshanian Orogeny had a strong influence on the Bohai Bay basin and its periphery. The available data reveal differences in the expression of these ep

关键词： Yanshanian Orogeny late Mesozoic Central-eastern part of Yanshan tectonic belt The Bohai Bay basin Tectonostratigraphic division

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Heat stress affects fecal microbial and metabolic alterations of primiparous sows during late gestation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第1期11卷 32-43页

作者： Jianwen He Huiduo Guo Weijiang Zheng Yongqiang Xue Ruqian Zhao Wen Yao Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal HealthCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuPeople’s Republic of China210095 National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuPeople’s Republic of China210095 Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of ChinaNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuPeople’s Republic of China210095.

Background:Heat stress(HS)jeopardizes intestinal barrier functions and augments intestinal permeability in pigs.However,whether HS-induced maternal microbial and metabolic changes in primiparous sows during late gestation remains elusive.We present here,a study investigating the fecal microbial and metabolic responses in late gestational primiparous sows when exposed to HS.Methods:Twelve first-parity Landrace×Large White F1 sows were randomly assigned into two environmental treatments including the thermoneutral(TN)(18–22℃;n=6)and HS(28–32℃;n=6)conditions.Both treatments were applied from 85 d of gestation to farrowing.The serum and feces samples were collected on d 107 of gestation,for analyses including intestinal integrity biomarkers,high-throughput sequencing metagenomics,short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)profiles and nontargeted metabolomics.Results:Our results show that HS group has higher serum Heat shock protein 70(HSP70),lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein(LBP)levels.The gut microbial community can be altered upon HS by usingβ-diversity and taxon-based analysis.In particular,the relative abundance of genera and operational taxonomic units(OTUs)related to Clostridiales and Halomonas are higher in HS group,the relative abundance of genera and OTUs related to Bacteroidales and Streptococcus,however,are lower in HS group.Results of metabolic analysis reveal that HS lowers the concentrations of propionate,butyrate,total SCFA,succinate,fumarate,malate,lactate,aspartate,ethanolamine,β-alanine and niacin,whereas that of fructose and azelaic acid are higher in HS group.These metabolites mainly affect propanoate metabolism,alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism,phenylalanine metabolism,β-alanine metabolism,pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis,tricarboxylic acid cycle(TCA)and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism.Additionally,correlation analysis between significant microbes and metabolites indicated that the HS-induced microbiota shift is likely the cause of changes of intestinal metabolism.C

关键词： Heat stress late gestation Metabolic profiles Microbial community Sow

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late Holocene hydroclimatic variations and possible forcing mechanisms over the eastern Central Asia

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第8期62卷 1288-1301页

作者： Jianghu LAN Hai XU Keke YU Enguo SHENG Kangen ZHOU Tianli WANG YuANDa YE Dongna YAN Huixian WU Peng CHENG Waili ABULIEZI Liangcheng TAN State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an710061China Institute of Surface-Earth System Science Tianjin UniversityTianjin300072China Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulating of Shaanxi Province Baoji University of Arts and SciencesBaoji721013ShaanxiChina State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang550002China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Administrative Committee of Lake Sayram Bozhou833400China Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China

Hydroclimatic variations over the eastern Central Asia are highly sensitive to changes in hemispheric-scale atmospheric circulation systems. To fully understand the long-term variability and relationship between hydroclimate and atmospheric circulation system, we present a high-resolution lascustrine record of late Holocene hydroclimate from Lake Sayram, Central Tianshan Mountains, China, based on the total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and carbonate contents, carbon/nitrogen ratios, and grain size. Our results reveal four periods of substantially increased precipitation at the interval of 4000–3780, 3590–3210, 2800–2160, and 890–280 cal yr BP, and one period of slightly increased precipitation from 1700–1370 cal yr BP. These wetter periods broadly coincide with those identified in other records from the mid-latitude Westerlies-dominated eastern Central Asia, including the northern Tibetan Plateau. As such, a similar hydroclimatic pattern existed over this entire region during the late Holocene. Based on a close similarity of our record with reconstruction of North Atlantic Oscillation indices and solar irradiance, we propose that decreased solar irradiance and southern migration of the entire circum-North Atlantic circulation system, particularly the main pathway of the mid-latitude Westerlies, significantly influenced hydroclimate in eastern Central Asia during the late Holocene. Finally, the inferred precipitation at Lake Sayram has increased markedly over the past 100 years, although this potential future changes in hydroclimate in Central Asia need for further investigation.

关键词： Lake Sayram Hydroclimatic variation late Holocene Mid-latitude Westerlies North Atlantic Oscillation index

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Tectonic Uplift of the Yili Basin during the Last Stage of the late Pleistocene: Evidence from ESR and OSL Dating of Sediments in the Huocheng Area, Xinjiang

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第5期93卷 1219-1227页

作者： LI Jiangang YUAN Sihua LIU Yongjiang LIU Xiaoyan BAI Xiangdong JIANG Jiyi LI Ying ZHAO Zhenhong Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037China China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083China Institute of Disaster Prevention SanheHebei 065201China Key Lab of Submarine Geoscience and Prospecting Techniques MOEInstitute for Advanced Ocean StudyCollege of Marine GeosciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Xi’an Center of China Geological Survey Xi’an 710054China

The Quaternary sediments in the Yili Basin can serve as archives for studying the Cenozoic basin-mountain relationship. In this study, based on typical natural sections and boreholes, the surficial sediments of the Huocheng area were studied, and their sedimentary ages were obtained using the optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) and electron spin resonance(ESR) dating methods. These dates, combined with changes in the sedimentary facies, provided details of the neotectonic movement in the Yili Basin and adjacent areas. By dating sediments from five sections and three boreholes, we determined that the surficial sediments of the Huocheng area were mainly formed in the late Pleistocene, with scattered instances of Holocene sediments. The surficial sediments mainly consisted of alluvial fan facies, fluvial facies, lacustrine facies, and desert facies. Based on the activity on the Hongshanzui fault and the northern margin fault of the Wusun Mountains, the Huocheng area was uplifted synchronously with the Tianshan Mountains during the last stage of the late Pleistocene, causing the desert facies sediments to be superimposed on the former paleo-lake sediments.

关键词： Yili basin ESR OSL late Pleistocene neotectonic movement

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late Holocene mangrove development and response to sea level change in the northwestern South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第11期38卷 111-120页

作者： Peng Xia Xianwei Meng Zhen Li Pengyao Zhi Mengwei Zhao Enkang Wang First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China College of Earth Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China Function Laboratory for Marine Geology National Oceanography LaboratoryQingdao 266237China School of Earth and Ocean Sciences University of VictoriaBritish Columbia V8W 2Y2Canada

Mangroves,widely distributed along the coasts of tropical China,are influenced by Asia monsoon,relative sea level change and enhanced human activity.To predict the impacts of future climate change on mangrove ecosystems,it can be understood by reconstructing past mangrove dynamics using proxies preserved in coastal sediments.In this study,we quantitatively partitioned buried organic matter(OM)sources,collected from a vulnerable mangrove swamp in the Qinzhou Bay of northwestern South China Sea,using a ternary end-member mixing model of δ^13C and C:N values.Mangrove-derived OM(MOM)contribution was used as a tracer for mangrove development since 2.34 cal ka BP.This information,together with paleoclimate records(i.e.,speleothem δ^18O values,sea level change,grain size parameters)and human activity,was used to divide mangrove development into three stages during the late Holocene:relative flourish(2.34-1.13 cal ka BP),relative degradation(1.13-0.15 cal ka BP)and further degradation(0.15-0 cal ka BP).Before 1.13 cal ka BP,mangroves flourished with a high MOM contribution((88.9±10.6)%),corresponding to stable and high sea level under a warm and humid climate.After 1.13 cal ka BP,rapid fall in relative sea level coupled with the strengthening of the Asian winter monsoon,resulted in mangrove degradation and MOM reduction((62.4±18.9)%).Compared with air temperature and precipitation,the relative sea level fall was the main controlling factor in mangrove development before entering the Anthropocene(the time of the Industrial Revolution).After^150 cal a BP,reclamation of mangrove swamps to shrimp ponds is the main factor causing mangrove degradation and MOM reduction.

关键词： carbon isotope mangrove development climate change sea level late Holocene

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Zircon SHRIMP U–Pb age of late Jurassic OIB-type volcanic rocks from the Tethyan Himalaya: constraints on the initial activity time of the Kerguelen mantle plume

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Acta Geochimica 2018年第3期37卷 441-455页

作者： Yuruo Shi Chenyang Hou J. Lawford Anderson Tianshui Yang Yiming Ma Weiwei Bian Jingjie Jin Beijing SHRIMP Center Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China Department of Earth and Environment Boston UniversityBoston MA 02215 USA

This work presents zircon U–Pb age and wholerock geochemical data for the volcanic rocks from the Lakang Formation in the southeastern Tethyan Himalaya and represents the initial activity of the Kerguelen mantle plume. SHRIMP U–Pb dating of zircons from the volcanic rocks yielded a ^(206) Pb/^(238) U age of 147 ± 2 Ma that reflects the time of late Jurassic magmatism. Whole rock analyses of major and trace elements show that the volcanic rocks are characterized by high content of Ti O_2(2.62 wt%–4.25 wt%) and P_2O_5(0.38 wt%–0.68 wt%), highly fractionated in LREE/HREE [(La/Yb)N= 5.35–8.31] with no obvious anomaly of Eu, and HFSE enrichment with no obvious anomaly of Nb and Ta, which are similar to those of ocean island basalts and tholeiitic basaltic andesites indicating a mantle plume origin. The Kerguelen mantle plume produced a massive amount of magmatic rocks from Early Cretaceous to the present, which widely dispersed from their original localities of emplacement due to the changing motions of the Antarctic, Australian, and Indian plates. However, our new geochronological and geochemical results indicate that the Kerguelen mantle plume started from the late Jurassic. Furthermore, we suggest that the Kerguelen mantle plume may played a significant role in the breakup of eastern Gondwanaland according to the available geochronological, geochemical and paleomagnetic data.

关键词： Volcanic rocks late Jurassic ZirconSHRIMP U-Pb age Kerguelen mantle plume TethyanHimalaya Lakang Formation

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late Quaternary surface deformation and rupture behavior of strong earthquake on the segment north of Mianning of the Anninghe fault

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第9期51卷 1224-1237页

作者： RAN YongKang CHEN LiChun CHENG JianWu GONG HuiLing Institute of Geology China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100029China

The Anninghe fault is an important active fault along the eastern boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan active tectonic block, and the study of its surface deformation and rupture behavior during strong earthquake in the late Quaternary is of fundamental importance for understanding the future seismic risk of the fault zone or even the entire western Sichuan region. Using the methods of detailed geomorphic and geological survey, digital image analysis, total station instrument survey, excavation of combined trench and dating, we analyze the geomorphologic sequences of the offset strata at several sites where the late Quaternary deformation remnants are fairly well preserved and obtain some new results as follows: Strong earthquake events with left-lateral displacements of about 3 m occurred at the two sites of Zimakua and Yejitong at 1634-1811, 1030-1050 and 280-550 a BP, respectively, and the recurrence interval is 520-660 a; The youngest event in the area of Dahaizi-Ganhaizi should be the earthquake of 1536, other events are at 1768-1826, 2755-4108 and 4108-6593 a BP, respectively, with a recurrence interval of 1300-1900 a. The strong earthquake activity shows a clustering character. The possibility of occurrence of a strong earthquake exists on the north segment of the Anninghe fault sometime in the future.

关键词： Anninghe fault late Quaternary paleoearthquake rupture behavior of strong earthquake

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late Mesozoic magmatism in the Jiaodong Peninsula,East China:Implications for crust-mantle interactions and lithospheric thinning of the eastern North China Craton

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第3期11卷 895-914页

作者： Yayun Liang Xuefei Liu Qingfei Wang Rui Zhao Yao Ma School of Civil and Resource Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing100083China

A section from the Linglong gold deposit on the northwestern Jiaodong Peninsula,East China,containing late Mesozoic magmatic rocks from mafic and intermediate dikes and felsic intrusions,was chosen to investigate the lithospheric evolution of the eastern North China Craton(NCC).Zircon U-Pb data showed that low-Mg adakitic monzogranites and granodiorite intrusions were emplaced during the late Jurassic(~145 Ma) and late Early Cretaceous(112-107 Ma),respectively;high-Mg adakitic diorite and mafic dikes were also emplaced during the Early Cretaceous at^139 Ma and ~118 Ma,and 125-145 Ma and 115-120 Ma,respectively.The geochemical data,including whole-rock major and trace element compositions and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes,imply that the mafic dikes originated from the partial melting of a lithospheric mantle metasomatised through hydrous fluids from a subducted oceanic slab.Low-Mg adakitic monzogranites and granodiorite intrusions originated from the partial melting of the thickened lower crust of the NCC,while high-Mg adakitic diorite dikes originated from the mixing of mafic and felsic melts.late Mesozoic magmatism showed that lithosphere-derived melts showed a similar source depth and that crust-derived felsic melts originated from the continuously thickened lower crust of the Jiaodong Peninsula from the late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous.We infer that the lower crust of the eastern NCC was thickened through compression and subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific plate beneath the NCC during the Middle Jurassic.Slab rollback of the plate from ~160 Ma resulted in lithospheric thinning and accompanied late Mesozoic magmatism.

关键词： late mesozoic magmatism Lithospheric thinning Jiaodong peninsula Eastern North China Craton

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late Neoarchean volcanic rocks in the southern Liaoning Terrane and their tectonic implications for the formation of the eastern North China Craton

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第3期11卷 1053-1068页

作者： Lei Gao Shuwen Liu Maojiang Wang Han Bao Rongrong Guo Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution Ministry of EducationSchool of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China Department of Natural Resources of Hebei Province(Ocean Administration) Shijiazhuang050051China Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines Department of GeologySchool of Resources and Civil EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang110819China

The late Neoarchean metamorphosed volcanic rocks in the southern Liaoning Terrane(SLT) of the eastern North China Craton(NCC) are mainly composed of amphibolites and felsic gneisses and can be chemically classified as basalt(Group#1),basaltic andesite(Group#2),dacite(Group#3) and rhyodacite(Group#4).LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb dating reveals that they formed at ~2.53-2.51 Ga.Group#1 samples are characterized by approximately flat chondrite-normalized rare earth element(REE) patterns with low(La/Yb)_N ratios and a narrow range of(Hf/Sm)N ratios,and their magmatic precursors were generated by partial melting of a depleted mantle wedge weakly metasomatized by subducted slab fluids.Compared to Group#1 samples,Group#2 samples display strongly fractionated REE patterns with higher(La/Yb)_N ratios and more scattered(Hf/Sm)N ratios,indicative of a depleted mantle wedge that had been intensely metasomatized by slab-derived melts and fluids.Group#3 samples are characterized by high MgO and transition trace element concentrations and fractionated REE patterns,which resemble typical high-Si adakites,and the magmatic precursors were derived from partial melting of a subducted oceanic slab.Group#4 samples have the highest SiO_2 and the lowest MgO and transition trace element contents,and were derived from partial melting of basaltic rocks at lower crust levels.Integrating these tholeiitic to calcalkaline volcanic rocks with the mass of contemporaneous dioritic-tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic gneisses,the late Neoarchean volcanic rocks in the SLT were most likely produced in an active continental margin.Furthermore,the affinities in lithological assemblages,metamorphism and tectonic regime among SLT,eastern Hebei to western Liaoning Terrane(EH-WLT),northern Liaoning to southern Jilin Terrane(NL-SJT),AnshanBenxi continental nucleus(ABN) and Yishui complex(YSC) collectively indicate that an integral and much larger continental block had been formed in the late Neoarchean and the craton-scale lateral accretion was a dominantly

关键词： late Neoarchean Volcanic rocks Subduction Southern Liaoning Terrane Eastern North China Craton

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