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Experimental study of breach process of landslide dams by overtopping and its initiation mechanisms

Journal of Hydrodynamics 2015年第6期27卷 872-883页

作者：杨阳曹叔尤杨克君李文萍 State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering College of Water Resource and Hydropower Sichuan University Key Laboratory of Engineering Sediment of Ministry of Transport Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering

The present paper studies the physics of the breach erosion process, particularly, the breach initiation process in over- topped landslide dams. Due to great complexities involved, only homogeneous landslide dams are considered. The flume experime- nts of dam overtopping are conducted to study the breach growth process. And in order to reveal the effects of the seepage during the breach development, the permeability characteristics of the dam materials are also taken into consideration. With the experimental observation, the details of the breach growth are examined, and the whole breach process could be distinguished into five stages, i.e., Stage I, the seepage erosion, Stage II, the formation of the initial breach, Stage III, the erosion toward the head, Stage IV, the expan- sion and incision of the breach, and Stage V, the re-equilibration of the river channel through the breach. It is shown that once trigge- red the entire breach process goes continually without stop, which highlights the significant impact of the early stages on the later deformation of the dam. Evidence shows that the initial breach of the dam is most likely to take place in the downstream slope of the dam, near the upper edge of the seepage face. The experimental results show a ＂headcut＂ mechanism of the breach initiation.

关键词： experimental study landslide dams breach process overtopping breach initiation seepage headward erosion

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Controls on the regional distribution of landslide dams and implications for fluvial landform evolution in Bhutan and its surrounding area

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第8期20卷 2107-2132页

作者： ZHANG Qi-yuan HU Kai-heng LIU Shuang LIU Wei-ming Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Chengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100149China China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences Islamabad 30001Pakist

The regional distribution of landslide dams can provide valuable insights into the interactions among various factors,including lithology,topography,climate,and fluvial landforms in tectonically active *** rivers are frequently impacted by large-scale landslide damming,which profoundly influence fluvial *** this study,we identified 1652 landslide dams in four major rivers of Bhutan and its surrounding area by remote sensing ***,approximately 71%of these landslide dams are found in regions composed of quartzite or ***-related tectonic activity plays a significant role in governing the distribution of these landslide dams,as approximately 83%of the mapped landslide dams are found within a 10 km radius of the nearest *** majority of the identified landslide dams are situated in areas with relatively modest local relief,ranging from 227 m to 327 *** dams tend to cluster in the tributaries,and the stream power of almost 95%of them is typically below 1×10^(6) kg m^(2) s^(-3).Our data,combining the erosion rate and kernel density map of the landslide dams,reveals that regions with high erosion rates do not consistently align with the major high-density distribution of landslide *** is shown that the distribution of landslide dams is strongly influenced by the valley *** comparison to U-shaped valleys,V-shaped valleys exhibit a higher density of landslide ***,we also find a positive correlation between the landslide-dam distribution density and the erosion rate only in relatively arid regions with mean annual rainfall less than 500 ***,the length of the upstream reach protected by the knickpoint associated with both lithology and landslide damming is about three times longer than that protected by the knickpoint associated only with landslide damming.

关键词： Bhutan Himalayas landslide dams Erosion rate Geomorphological impacts Landscape evolution

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Experimental study of debris flow caused by domino failures of landslide dams

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2014年第3期29卷 414-422页

作者： Hua-Yong CHEN Peng CUI Gordon G.D.ZHOU Xing-Hua ZHU Jin-Bo TANG Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process CAS Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment CAS

The formation of landslide dams is often induced by earthquakes in mountainous *** failure of a landslide dam typically results in catastrophic flash floods or debris flows *** attention has been given to the processes and mechanisms involved in the failure of individual landslide ***,the processes leading to domino failures of multiple landslide dams remain *** this study,experimental tests were carried out to investigate the domino failure of landslide dams and the consequent enlargement of downstream debris *** blockage conditions were considered,including complete blockage,partial blockage and erodible bed(no blockage).The mean velocity of the flow front was estimated by *** stress transducers(TSTs)and Laser range finders(LRFs) were employed to measure the total stress and the depth of the flow front,*** a complete blockage pattern,a portion of the debris flow was trapped in front of each retained landslide dam before the latter collapsed *** was accompanied by a dramatic decrease in the mean velocity of the flow ***,under both partial blockage and erodible bed conditions,the mean velocity of the flow front increased gradually downward along the sloping *** failures of the landslide dams were triggered when a series of dams(complete blockage and partial blockage) were distributed along the ***,not all of these domino failures led to enlarged debris *** modes of dam failures have significant impacts on the enlargement of debris ***,further research is necessary to understand the mechanisms of domino failures of landslide dams and their effects on the enlargement of debris flows.

关键词： Debris flow landslide dams Domino failures Enlargement of debris flow Mean velocity

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Influence of material characteristics on the failure mode and process of landslide dam

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Journal of Mountain Science 2025年第1期22卷 89-109页

作者： HU Liang ZHONG Qiming CHEN Liang YANG Meng ZHANG Lucheng WU Hao College of Civil and Transportation Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Department of Geotechnical Engineering Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention Nanjing 210098China Key Laboratory of Reservoir and Dam Safety of the Ministry of Water Resources Nanjing 210029China

landslide dams,as frequent natural hazards,pose significant risks to human lives,property,and ecological *** grading characteristics and density of dam materials play a crucial role in determining the stability of landslide dams and the potential for dam *** explore the failure mechanisms and evolutionary processes of landslide dams with varying soil properties,this study conducted a series of flume experiments,considering different grain compositions and material *** results demonstrated that grading characteristics significantly influence landslide dam stability,affecting failure patterns,breach processes,and final breach ***-graded materials exhibited a sequence of surface erosion,head-cut erosion,and subsequent surface erosion during the breach process,while well-graded materials typically experienced head-cut erosion followed by surface *** coarse-graded dams,the high permeability of coarse particles allowed the dam to remain stable,as inflows matched *** dam breach model experiments also showed that increasing material density effectively delayed the breach and reduced peak breach flow ***,higher fine particle content led to a reduction in the residual dam height and the base slope of the final breach profile,although the relationship between peak breach discharge and the content of fine and coarse particles was *** better understand breach morphology evolution under different soil characteristics and hydraulic conditions,three key points were identified—erosion point,control point,and scouring *** study,by examining the evolution of failure patterns,breach processes,and breach flow discharges under various grading and density conditions,offers valuable insights into the mechanisms behind landslide dam failures.

关键词： landslide dams Overtopping Grain size distribution Breaching process Outflow discharge

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