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Analysis of temporal changes in land cover and landscape metrics of a managed forest in the west Black Sea region of northern Turkey: 1970–2010

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第1期29卷 139-150页

作者： Hayati Zengin Ahmet Salih Degermenci Pete Bettinger Department of Forest Management and Planning Faculty of Forestry Duzce University Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia

Forest structure changes continuously by natural and anthropogenic effects. Because the level of goods and services provided by forest ecosystems are related to this structure, some attributes have to be controlled while they are being managed. In this paper we describe the long-term temporal changes in land area and landscape metrics related to different land uses of a managed forest in Turkey. The study was carried out for the Daday Forest Planning Unit located in the west Black Sea region of northern Turkey. The total area is 16,813 ha and besides wood production, it is managed for erosion control, public health, aesthetics, and recreation. Stand type maps that were constructed in 1970,1989, 1999, and 2010 were used in this analysis. Transition matrixes that illustrate area changes among cover types and temporal changes on some landscape metrics were obtained using Geographic Information Systems. Stands were separated into small patches, and thus the number of patches increased nearly two-fold between 1970 and 2010. The total forest edge increased and through the associated fragmentation, the amount of core forest area decreased at the landscape scale. landscape metrics were applied to digitized versions of historical maps to assess how forest area changed. Human use of the land has changed, forest management practices have evolved, and these along with natural forest growth have contributed to interesting changes in landscape character.

关键词： landscape metrics Land cover change Temporal change Turkey

Remote Sensing and landscape metrics-Based Forest Physical Degradation: Two-Decades Assessment in Gishwati-Mukura Biological Corridor in Rwanda, East-Central Africa

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第4期10卷 64-81页

作者： Hassina Uwiringiyimana Jaeyong Choi Department of Environment and Forest Resources Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea

The management of forest corridors and related ecology is one of the effective strategies to minimize the adverse effects of forest degradation. It controls the connectivity of inhabitant species and the connection of the isolated patches. This study analyzed spatial and temporal forest physical degradation based on forest cover change and forest fragmentation in the Gishwati-Mukura biological corridor from 1990-2019. Remotely sensed datasets, Geographical Information System (GIS) and FRAGSTATS software were used to analyze the spatial and temporal physical degradation and changes in forest cover. The results indicated that the Gishwati-Mukura corridor experienced massive deforestation where approximately 7617.1 ha (64.22%) of forest cover was completely cleared out, which implies an annual forest loss of 262.6 ha·year-1 (2.21%) during 1990-2019. The forest cover transitions patterns and geostatistical analysis indicated that extensive deforestation was associated with intensive agriculture. The results demonstrated that agriculture has dramatically increased from 29.46% in 1990 to 57.22% in 2019, with an annual increase of 1.97%. Since Gishwati-Mukura has changed to National Park (NP), it lacks diversified scientific studies addressing the analysis of the remote and spatial patterns to investigate its physical degradation and landscape dynamics. This research study will serve as remote forest analysis gap-filling and as the cornerstone of numerous other research that will contribute to the improvement of the connectivity assessments along the Gishwati-Mukura corridor and other related ecosystems.

关键词： landscape metrics Remote Sensing Geographic Information System (GIS) Forest Physical Degradation Biological Corridor National Park

Urban growth dynamics and expansion forms in 11 Tanzanian cities from 1990 to 2020

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 1985-2001页

作者： Neema Simon Sumari Fanan Ujoh Calvin Samwel Swai Muchen Zheng Department of Informatics and Information TechnologyCollege of Natural and Applied Sciences(CoNAS)Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Center for Sustainability and Resilient Infrastructure and Communities(SaRIC) London South Bank UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Water Resources and Environmental Management Faculty of GeoInformation Science and Earth Observation(ITC)University of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands School of Resource and Environmental Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhanPeople’s Republic of China

With rapid urban expansion across Tanzania,there is a need to institute steps to address factors and forms as well as impacts and challenges associated with the observed trend.This study’s aim is to use spatial urban landscape indices to analyze the spatial changes in urban forms,patterns,and rates across 11 urban centers in Tanzania over a 30-year study period(1990–2020).During the past three decades,urban lands of 11 cities and town in Tanzania have grown by a total of 480 km2.Leapfrog growth was found as the most dominant form of urban expansion in Tanzania while Dodoma,the capital city of Tanzania,had the highest rate of urban expansion when compared to all other individual cities.The most robust and significant interaction of the AWMLEI and MLEI was found in Kigoma,Arusha,Mtwara,Mafinga,and Tunduma cities.In contrast,Mbeya agricultural city,Arusha the tourist city,Tabora,and Geita Lake zone areas did show their own peculiarities revealing an interesting spatial temporal variation in rate and form of expansion.The outcome of this study reveals that the influence and management of economic and socio-cultural opportunities will be an effective tool for the determination of the rapidly expanding cities and towns of Tanzania.

关键词： Urban growth indices drivers of urban forms urban forms and patterns landscape metrics Tanzania

Assessing sediment connectivity and its spatial response on land use using two flow direction algorithms in the catchment on the Chinese Loess Plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第4期19卷 1119-1138页

作者： YAN Xi-qin JIAO Ju-ying TANG Bing-zhe LIANG Yue WANG Zhi-jie State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Life Sciences Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China

Severe soil and water loss have led to widespread land degradation on the Loess Plateau in China.Exploring the relationship between land use and sediment connectivity can be beneficial to control soil erosion.In this study,three catchments in the Yanhe River Basin on the Loess Plateau were selected to analyse the relationship between land use and sediment connectivity using grey correlation method.Index of connectivity(IC)was employed to quantify sediment connectivity,including two flow direction algorithms(D8 and D-infinity)and two final targets of sediment transport(outlet and main channel of catchment).Then,11 landscape metrics were used to evaluate the land use spatial patterns of catchments.By comparing the IC value ranges,histograms and classes,and their relationship with remote sensing images of the two flow direction algorithms,we find that the D8 algorithm is more suitable for this study area.The results showed that the three catchments are characterized by high sediment connectivity in the grassland and forest close to the channel.In addition,the roads and bare land close to the channel also have high or medium sediment connectivity.Grey correlation analysis showed that landscape division index(DIVISION),fractal dimension index(FRACMN),aggregation index(AI),total class area,patch cohesion index(COHESION),and largest patch index(LPI)indices were the main factors that affect sediment connectivity at the class scale.At the landscape scale,the landscape shape index(LSI),Shannon’s diversity index(SHDI),and gully density have an essential effect on sediment connectivity.This condition provides a way to control the sediment connectivity in the watershed by transforming land use type or changing its spatial pattern,but specific adjustment measures have to be further explored.

关键词： Sediment connectivity Land use landscape metrics Catchments Loess Plateau

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路网扩张对董志塬景观生态的影响

Journal of Geographical Sciences 2023年第12期33卷 2549-2566页

作者：杨思齐金钊罗达冯立 State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentCASXi’an710061China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Xi’an710061China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China

Road network expansion can result in the fragmentation of ecological landscapes due to the transformation of landscape processes and patterns.However,knowledge about these processes and patterns is scarce.In this study,the road network and landscape patterns in the Dongzhi tableland of the Chinese Loess Plateau(CLP) between 2005 and 2020 were characterized,and their spatial relationships were analyzed.The results showed that(1) the kernel density estimation(KDE) method is useful in characterizing road network density.When the bandwidth value is four,the boundary of the road network kernel can be distinguished clearly.(2) The road network in the tableland expanded greatly over the past 15 years,and the total area of road kernels in the Dongzhi tableland increased from 55.73 km~2 in 2005 to 223.55 km~2 in 2020.(3) High-density road networks were generally distributed on cultivated and constructed lands where the slopes were generally 0°–5°,while low-and medium-density road networks were mostly distributed in grassland areas where the slopes were greater than 5°.(4) Road network density is closely related to the coverage of cultivated and constructed lands.The results of this study are helpful in understanding the potential impact of road network evolution on the landscape at a regional scale.

关键词： kernel density estimation road network expansion landscape metrics loess tableland

Exploring coupling coordination between urbanization and ecosystem quality （1985-2010）： a case study from Lianyungang City, China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2016年第3期10卷 527-545页

作者： Junyong AI Lan FENG Xiaowei DONG Xiaodong ZHU Yangfan LI State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210046 China Key Laboratory of Coasial and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education) College of the Environment and Ecology Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China The Key Laboratory of the Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection Ministry of Land and Resource Nanjing 210008 China Jiangsu Province Center for Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing 210036 China

Urbanization processes affect the ecosystem through alterations in ecological functions and landscape patterns. Currently, analysis of the total ecosystem services value （ESV） has targeted the overall benefits which human beings obtain from the regional ecosystem but does not generally include information regarding ecological struc- tures and patterns. Therefore, the results cannot reflect the comprehensive state of the local ecosystem. We propose a new, integrative ecosystem quality indicator based on the ESV and landscape metrics for evaluating the quality of the regional ecosystem. We adopted the method of a coupled degree of coordination for evaluating the interrelationship between urbanization and ecosystem quality in Lianyun- gang City from 1985 to 2010. The coupling degree of coordination between urbanization and ecosystem quality showed an inverse U-shaped curve. At the primary stage of urbanization （1985-1995）, the degree of coupling of urbanization and the ecosystem was just barely balanced. From 1995 until 2000, the coupling system reached a balanced condition, in which the urbanization level increased. Since 2000, the urbanization process has accelerated. The coordination between urbanization and the ecosystem achieved the optimum condition in 2005. A turning point appeared at the same time, and the degree of coupling coordination began falling from the optimum. Subsequently, the coupled system once more entered a barely balanced state. Overall, the comprehensive level of ecosystem quality decreased since 1985 and degraded sharply after 2005, suggesting an overall degradation of the local ecosystem quality.

关键词： urbanization ecosystem services value landuse change landscape metrics ecosystem quality

Urbanization between compactness and dispersion:designing a spatial model for measuring 2D binary settlement landscape configurations

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2019年第6期12卷 679-698页

作者： Hannes Taubenbock Michael Wurm Christian GeiB Stefan Dech Stefan Siedentop German Aerospace Center(DLR) German Remote Sensing Data Center(DFD)OberpfaffenhofenGermany ILS-Research Institute for Regional and Urban Development DortmundGermany

Measuring spatial patterns is a crucial task in spatial sciences.Multiple indicators have been developed to measure patterns in a quantitative manner.However,most comparative studies rely on relative comparisons,limiting their explanatory power to specific case studies.Motivated by advancements in earth observation providing unprecedented resolutions of settlement patterns,this paper suggests a measurement technique for spatial patterns to overcome the limits of relative comparisons.We design a model spanning a feature space based on two metrics-largest patch index and number of patches.The feature space is defined as‘dispersion index’and covers the entire spectrum of possible two-dimensional binary(settlement)patterns.The model configuration allows for an unambiguous ranking of each possible pattern with respect to spatial dispersion.As spatial resolutions of input data as well as selected areas of interest influence measurement results,we test dependencies within the model.Beyond,common other spatial metrics are selected for testing whether they allow unambiguous rankings.For scenarios,we apply the model to artificially generated patterns representing all possible configurations as well as to real-world settlement classifications differing in growth dynamics and patterns.

关键词： Land cover spatial patterns landscape metrics dispersion index sensitivity analysis urban settlements remote sensing comparative spatial analysis

Influence of the variation in rural population on farmland preservation in the rapid urbanization area of China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2021年第9期31卷 1365-1380页

作者： ZHANG Mingyu CHEN Qiuxiao ZHANG Kewei Department of Regional and Urban Planning Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China School of Spatial Planning and Design Zhejiang University City CollegeHangzhou 310015China

In the past 40 years,cultivated land has faced the continued anthropogenic interference,which has become a significant issue for cultivated land preservation during rapid urbanization.The purpose of this research was to reveal the spatio-temporal evolutionary characteristics of cultivated land and the correlation between rural population variation and farmland change in China.Fifty county-level administrative units in Zhejiang Province were selected as the study area wherein spatio-temporal evolution comparative analysis for every 5 years from 2000 to 2015 was conducted.This study used the pool method to estimate the impacts of the rural population variation,average slope,average elevation,rural residential disposable income,primary industry proportion,and road density on farmland utilization efficiency from the spatial perspective,which is represented by landscape metrics including the mean patch size,edge density,area weighted mean shape index,and area weighted mean patch fractal dimension.This study showed that the cultivated land landscape index continued to rise after 2000 and then started decreasing after 2010,indicating a reduction in human interference after 2010.The spatial variation of rural population of all county-level administrative units decreased from 2000 to 2010,and 62%of them began to increase after 2010.The regression analysis results showed that the spatial variation of rural population was significantly and negatively correlated with the cultivated land landscape while the rural residential disposable income,average slope and primary industry proportion were all significantly and positively related to the cultivated land landscape index.The results implied that the loss of the agricultural labor force and the difficulty of sloping farmlands adapting to mechanized farming were unconducive to farmland utilization efficiency improvement,and the increase in nonagricultural activities in rural areas would increase the difficulty of cultivated land preservation.Our analysis suggests that local gov

关键词： rural population farmland landscape metrics Zhejiang Province

Using the Lonsdorf model for estimating habitat loss and fragmentation effects on pollination service

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 303-315页

作者： Ehsan Rahimi Shahindokht Barghjelveh Pinliang Dong Environmental Research Institute Shahid Beheshti UniversityTehranIran Department of Geography and the Environment University of North TexasDentonTexasUSA.

One of the most important issues related to landscape ecology and ecosystem services is finding the pattern of habitat patches that offers the highest pollination in agricultural landscapes.In this regard,two processes of habitat loss and fragmentation strongly affect the relationship between pollination and the pattern of habitat patches.In the present study,we aimed to examine the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on pollination separately.For this purpose,first,we generated different simulated agricultural landscapes,including two habitats of forest and agriculture.Then,according to the Lonsdorf model,we estimated the potential of the simulated landscapes in providing pollination in different scenarios.Finally,using statistical models,we estimated the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on pollination at the landscape and farm levels.Our results showed that the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on pollination were completely different at the landscape and farm levels.At the landscape level,fragmentation negatively affected pollination,but at the farm level,the maximum pollination rate was observed in the landscapes with a high degree of fragmentation.Regarding the habitat loss effects,our results showed that pollination decreased linearly at the landscape level as habitat amount decreased,but at the farm level,it decreased exponentially.The present study considered the level of analysis(i.e.,landscape and farm levels)as a critical factor affecting pollination changes caused by fragmentation.We showed that using the Lonsdorf model could lead to confusing results for the landscape ecologists and alert farmers who want to reduce the adverse effects of fragmentation on their products by creating new forest patches.Therefore,agriculturalists and landscape ecologists should consider that the pollination rate at the landscape and farm levels is completely different according to the model and provide contradictory results about the process of habitat loss effects on pollination.

关键词： landscape ecology Pollination service Habitat loss Fragmentation landscape metrics Lonsdorf model