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Spatiotemporal landscape pattern changes and their effects on land surface temperature in greenbelt with semi-arid climate:A case study of the Erbil City,Iraq

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第9期16卷 1214-1231页

作者： Suzan ISMAIL Hamid MALIKI Department of Architecture College of EngineeringSalahaddin UniversityErbil 44002Iraq

Urban expansion of cities has caused changes in land use and land cover(LULC)in addition to transformations in the spatial characteristics of landscape *** alterations have generated heat islands and rise of land surface temperature(LST),which consequently have caused a variety of environmental issues and threated the sustainable development of urban *** are employed as an urban planning containment policy to regulate urban expansion,safeguard natural open spaces,and serve adaptation and mitigation *** they are regarded as a powerful measure for enhancing urban environmental *** the fact that,the relation between landscape structure change and variation of LST has been examined thoroughly in many studies,but there is a limitation concerning this relation in semi-arid climate and in greenbelts as well,with the lacking of comprehensive research combing both ***,this study investigated the spatiotemporal changes of landscape pattern of LULC and their relationship with variation of LST within an inner greenbelt in the semi-arid Erbil City of northern *** study utilized remote sensing data to retrieve LST,classified LULC,and calculated landscape metrics for analyzing spatial changes during the study *** results indicated that both composition and configuration of LULC had an impact on the variation of LST in the study *** Pearson's correlation showed the significant effect of Vegetation 1 type(VH),cultivated land(CU),and bare soil(BS)on LST,as increase of LST was related to the decrease of VH and the increases of CU and BS,while,neither Vegetation 2 type(VL)nor built-up(BU)had any ***,the spatial distribution of LULC also exhibited significant effects on LST,as LST was strongly correlated with landscape indices for VH,CU,and ***,for BU,only aggregation index metric affected LST,while none of VL metrics had a *** study provides insights for landscape pla

关键词： land use and land cover change landscape pattern land surface temperature greenbelt remote sensing

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landscape pattern and its effect on ecosystem functions in Seoul Metropolitan area:Urban ecology on distribution of the naturalized plant species

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第2期15卷 199-204页

作者： Sun-Kee Hong In-Ju Song Hyun-Ok Kim Eung-Kyong Lee Environmental Planning Institute Seoul National UniversitySeoul Development InstituteTechnical University BerlinEnvironmental Planning Institute Seoul National University Seoul 151-742 Korea Seoul 100-250 KoreaGermanySeoul 151-742 Korea

During land transformation process in the human history, naturalized plants were introduced to several land use patterns by the different ways of plant itself. Including some naturalized plants that had been contribute to land restoration, many naturalized plants have been invaded to original habitat or landscape for native plants. Once the plants were colonized, they extend their area and population size. Urban developed areas often give an important role of source habitat for naturalized plants and expanding their population size. In recent, this situation is appearing as one of environmental problems about the urban landscape management controlling the naturalized plants that invaded in the developed area and conserving the native vegetation. This paper is focusing on relationships between distribution of habitat of naturalized plants and landscape patch in urban area in Seoul. Gangdong-Gu, one of the administrative areas in Seoul was selected for this study. We examined the recent land use change using LANDSAT TM data and spreading of the representative naturalized plants (Robinia pseudoacacia and Eupatorium rugosum) by Seoul Biotope Mapping Project and field survey in 1999. As a result, these two species were often occurred in the same habitat and distributed in forest edge disturbed by man. Their distribution patterns were related to landscape indices (patch size and shape) in the forest edge.

关键词： biotope mapping ecosystem management human impact landscape pattern naturalized plants urban ecology

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landscape pattern and its restoration for coal mine subsidence area in southern part of Tangshan in China

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2009年第3期16卷 303-308页

作者：陈颖张铁民边录丰薄力杰崔建宇胡林 College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Tangshan City Landscaping Administration Bureau

To investigate the ecosystem damage and environment pollution resulted from coal resources exploitation,based on remote sensing image,the landscape pattern was quantitatively analyzed with GIS and landscape pattern analysis software FRAGSTATS by utilizing multiform landscape pattern indexes,such as patch area,patch circumference,patch number,fractal dimension,fragmentation index,connectivity index and so on. Results indicate that the restored landscape type occupies the control status and accounts for the majority of the whole area,and needs to be further restored and adjusted because of its internal body with smaller patches,lower fractal dimension and better connectivity. The landscape type without restoration has destroyed the ecology and beauty of the whole landscape. In addition,some suggestive instructions for restoring various kinds of patches are put forward according to the quantitative analysis.

关键词： coal mine subsidence area landscape pattern ecological restoration southern part of Tangshan

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landscape pattern and eco-hydrological characteristics at the upstream of Minjiang River,China

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Frontiers in Biology 2006年第4期1卷 455-462页

作者： LI Chongwei GE Jianping LIU Shirong SUN Pengsen College of Life Sciences Bejing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and ProtectionChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China College of Urban and Environment Sciences Tianjin Normal UniversityTianjin 300384China

Based on three scenes of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper(TM)satellite images acquired on June 26,1994,12 land cover types were identified by the supervised classification *** precipitation,runoff,and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)data of six catchments were accumulated from April to September in 1992,1993,and 1995.A new eco-hydrological index,expressed by the difference between precipitation and runoff divided by the product of precipitation and NDVI,was used in this study to represent the eco-hydrological functions of different *** results were:(1)The selected six catchments at the upstream of Minjiang River,China were different in landscape patterns in terms of landscape type and *** were higher contagion,lower edge density and diversity index in the Shouxi catchments and lower contagion,higher edge density and diversity index in the Zagunao catchments.(2)Eco-hydrological indexes had remarkable differences among different *** highest eco-hydrological index was found in the Shouxi catchments,which indicated higher precipitation holding capacity of vegetation *** the lower eco-hydrological index was found in the Zagunao catchments,which indicated its lower precipitation holding capacity of vegetation.(3)High correlation was detected between the landscape indexes and eco-hydrological ***-hydrological index was positively correlated with landscape contagion in contrast with the negative correlation with landscape diversity and edge density.

关键词： precipitation runoff landscape pattern eco-hydrological index

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Responses of Spatial-temporal Variation of Karst Ecosystem Service Values to landscape pattern in Northwest of Guangxi,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2011年第4期21卷 446-453页

作者： ZHANG Mingyang WANG Kelin LIU Huiyu ZHANG Chunhua Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan 410125China Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems Chinese Academy of SciencesHuanjiang 547100China College of Geography Science Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210046China

The responses of spatiotemporal variation of ecosystem service values (ESVs) to landscape pattern from 1985 to 2005 in a typical Karst area of the northwest Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China,were examined us-ing remote sensing and geographic information system techniques in this *** total ecosystem service values de-clined significantly from 1985 to 1990,and then increased slowly from 1990 to 2005,almost equaled to the 1985 *** ecosystem service values tended to decline from the west to the east and from mountainous regions to peak-cluster depression areas in 1985,1990,2000 and 2005 *** the period from 1985 to 2005,the ecosystem ser-vice values have increased in the middle and eastern parts of the study *** pattern indices,such as total area,largest patch index,contagion,aggregative index,effective mesh and proportion of like adjacencies,are significantly correlated with ecosystem service *** suggests that ecosystem service values tend to increase with the growth of patch area and patch ***,there are negative correlations between ecosystem service values and landscape pattern indices,such as division index and patch *** indicates that ecosystem service values decrease with patch fragmentation and patch size *** ecosystem conditions in the typical Karst area have been improved because of the control measures of rocky *** is important to protect key landscape types,such as woodland,shrub and grassland,and to increase patch size and connectivity to avoid further ***,it is necessary to reduce disturbances to ensure the growth of ecosystem service values and to facilitate the sustainable development in this region.

关键词： landscape pattern ecosystem service values (ESVs) landscape indices Karst Guangxi

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A gradient analysis on urban sprawl and urban landscape pattern between 1985 and 2000 in the Pearl River Delta, China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2018年第4期12卷 791-807页

作者： Erfu DAI Zhuo WU Xiaodian DU Key Laboratory of Land Surface pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Beijing No.65Middle School Beijing 100006China

Urbanization is an irreversible trend worldwide, especially in rapidly developing China. Accelerated urbanization has resulted in rapid urban sprawl and urban landscape pattern changes. Quantifying the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban land use and landscape pattern not only can reveal the characteristics of social transfer and economic development, but also can provide insights into the driving mechanisms of land use changes. In this study, we integrated remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (GIS), landscape metrics, and gradient analysis to quantitatively compare the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use, urban sprawl, and landscape pattern for nine cities in the Pearl River Delta from 1985aEuro'2000. For the whole study region, urbanization was obvious. The results show an increase in urban buildup land and shrinkage of cropland in the Pearl River Delta. However, the nine cities differed greatly in terms of the process and magnitude of urban sprawl for both the spatial and temporal dimensions. This was most evident for the cities of Guangzhou and Shenzhen. Gradient analysis on urban landscape changes could deepen understanding of the stages of urban development and provide a scientific foundation for future urban planning and land management strategies in China.

关键词： urbanization urban sprawl landscape pattern gradient analysis Pearl River Delta in China

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Do Forest landscape pattern Planning and Optimization Play a Role in Enhancing Soil Conservation Services in Mountain Areas of Western China?

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Chinese Geographical Science 2021年第5期31卷 848-866页

作者： GONG Jie ZHANG Jinxi ZHANG Yunxia ZHU Yuehua JIN Tiantian XU Caixian College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The relationship between landscape patterns and soil conservation,as well as the need for nature-based soil erosion control and landscape pattern optimization,have increasingly gained attention in the scientific and political community in the past *** the implementation of a series of afforestation/reforestation projects in the western China,the optimization and management of forest landscape patterns will become more important for soil *** this study,the Bailongjiang Watershed(BLJW),in the western China,was used as a case study to explore the relationship between the forest landscape pattern and soil conservation services using mathematical and spatial statistics methods.A spatially-explicit model called the sediment delivery ratio(SDR)model of the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)was used to assess the soil conservation service in each sub-basin of BLJW in 1990,2002,and 2014,and landscape indices were used to describe changes in forest landscape patterns in each *** forest landscape indices,including the percentage of landscape(PLAND),largest patch index(LPI),edge density(ED),landscape shape index(LSI),mean patch shape(SHAPEMN),patch cohesion index(COHESION),landscape division index(DIVISION),splitting index(SPLIT)and aggregation index(AI),were significantly correlated to the soil conservation ***,AI,LSI and SPLIT of forestland were determined to be the more important landscape *** results also indicated that soil conservation was substantially *** results demonstrated that landscape type diversity greatly affected watershed soil conservation and can be used for forest landscape restoration and ***,spatial statistics analysis indicated that the Spatial Lag Model(SLM)was superior to the Ordinary Least Squares(OLS)for soil conservation regressions in 1990 and 2014,while OLS was more appropriate for the regression in *** findings will be useful

关键词： forest landscape landscape pattern soil conservation service afforestation integrated landscape management

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Dynamics of Wetland landscape pattern in Kaifeng City from 1987 to 2002

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Chinese Geographical Science 2008年第2期18卷 146-154页

作者： CAO Xinxiang College of History and Culture Henan University Kaifeng 475001 China Key Research Institution of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development Henan University Kaifeng 475001 China

It is very significant for urban development and urban wetland protection and utilization to probe into the process and reasons of urban wetland landscape dynamics. Taking the information of remote sensing and detailed land survey data as the basic information sources, with the help of RS and GIS, according to the principles and methods of landscape ecology, this paper analyzed wetland landscape pattern dynamics and its reasons in Kaifeng City, Henan Province of China, from 1987 to 2002. The results show that the total wetland area in Kaifeng City firstly reduced by 20.1% from 1987 to 1990 and then increased from 1990 to 2002, with an average annual growth rate of 3.3%. At the same time, landscape fragment degree and landscape dominance degree increased, respectively from 0.64 to 0.72 and from 0.3754 to 0.5563, but mean patch area, maximum patch area, patch fractal dimension reduced. As far as single landscape element concerned, fi＇om 1987 to 2002, patch area, patch number, patch density, patch shape and patch location changed in varying degrees in all wetland types in Kaifeng City, among which rice field changed most and others relatively less. In the recent 20 years, rice fields, lake wetlands, puddles and ponds had a higher stability, but river and bottomland wetlands were mostly transformed to land use types. The change of wetland landscape pattern was the result of the combined action of the Huanghe （Yellow） River, urban expansion, wide cultivation of rice, and rapid development of fishery. Among them human activities were the main driving factors for wetland landscape changes.

关键词： wetland landscape pattern landscape dynamics Kaifeng City

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FOREST landscape pattern DYNAMICS OF LUONINGCOUNTY IN HENAN PROVINCE AND ITS DRIVING FORCES

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Chinese Geographical Science 2003年第3期13卷 247-253页

作者： DING Sheng-yan, QIAN Le-xiang, CAO Xin-xiang, LI Shuang, LI Hao-min(College of Environment & Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, P. R. China) College of Environment & Planning Henan University Kaifeng P. R. China

With the help of ARC/INFOR and ERDAS software, based on the information from forest resources distribution maps and TM images, four indices were chosen to analyze spatial pattern changes of forest landscape of Luoning County, Henan Province from 1983 to 1999. The results showed that: 1) The number and total area of patches were rapidly increased with time changes. The fragmentation degree of the landscape was increasing greatly. 2) The area of some forest patch types, especially shrub forest, economic forest, Populus spp. forest, Quercus spp. forest, sparse forest, deserted grassland etc. had been greatly changed. 3) The fragemation degree of each forest patch type became greater from 1983 to 1999. 4) The transition probabilities of deserted forest, economic forest, Pi-nus tabulaeformis forest, Populus spp. forest exceed 85%,Robinia pseuoacacia forest, deserted grassland, 65% and Quercus spp. forest, non-forest, shrub forest had smaller ones, which were 26.5%, 29.1% and 45.3%, respectively. The main transition trends of various patches were non-forest and Quercus spp. forest. During the course of transition, the types that 50% of area was remained were Quercus spp. forest, non-forest and shrub forest. According to above analyses, the main driving forces, such as the management policies, market economy factors and influences of human activities etc. were brought out.

关键词： forest landscape pattern driving forces luoning county

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Land use/cover and landscape pattern changes in Manas River Basin based on remote sensing

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第5期13卷 141-152页

作者： Xiaolong Li Xinlin He Guang Yang Hongguang Liu Aihua Long Fulong Chen Bing Liu Xinchen Gu College of Water&Architectural Engineering Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832000XinjiangChina Xinjiang Production&Construction Group Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation Shihezi 832000XinjiangChina Department of Water Resources China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchBeijing 100038China

Large-scale water and soil development in inland river basins in arid areas has made changes in landscape composition and structure,threatening the ecological *** order to study the trend of land use/cover and landscape pattern change and its relationship with water resources utilization in Manas River Basin,the land-use data of five periods in 1976,1990,2000,2010 and 2015 were *** results showed that:(1)During 1976-2015,farmland and construction land continuously increased,forest land and grassland continuously decreased,the water area initially reduced and then increased,the area of saline-alkali land initially increased and then reduced,the overall trend of unused land and the sandy area was decreasing and the area of different time periods is *** areas of land-use types either increased or *** indicates that the landscape pattern of the basin changes dramatically,and human activities are the main reasons for this phenomenon;(2)The oasis area increased from 3480.2 km2 in 1976 to 7982.0 km2 in 2015,with an obvious increasing *** oasis area clearly increased during 1976-1990,the growth rate was 40.6%,the growth rate of the oasis area was 129.4%.In the last 40 years,the degree of desertification fluctuated and *** increase of the oasis area directly leads to the increase of water resources utilization and aggravates the degree of water resources shortage;(3)The pattern of land-use types showed a non-equilibrium *** the region with increasing landscape heterogeneity,the overall landscape pattern was increasingly controlled by the majority of *** intensive land management model and drip irrigation under mulch have improved the utilization efficiency of water resources and saved water resources from engineering renovation and irrigation management.

关键词： arid area Manas River Basin land use/cover change landscape pattern remote sensing driving force

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