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Thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) coupled simulation of the land subsidence due to aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) system in soft soils

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 1952-1966页

作者： Yang Wang Fengshou Zhang Fang Liu Department of Geotechnical Engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092China Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China Shanghai Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shallow Geothermal Energy Shanghai200072China

Aquifer thermal energy storage(ATES)system has received attention for heating or cooling buildings.However,it is well known that land subsidence becomes a major environmental concern for ATES projects.Yet,the effect of temperature on land subsidence has received practically no attention in the past.This paper presents a thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM)coupled numerical study on an ATES system in Shanghai,China.Four water wells were installed for seasonal heating and cooling of an agriculture greenhouse.The target aquifer at a depth of 74e104.5 m consisted of alternating layers of sand and silty sand and was covered with clay.Groundwater level,temperature,and land subsidence data from 2015 to 2017 were collected using field monitoring instruments.Constrained by data,we constructed a field scale three-dimensional(3D)model using TOUGH(Transport of Unsaturated Groundwater and Heat)and FLAC3D(Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua)equipped with a thermo-elastoplastic constitutive model.The effectiveness of the numerical model was validated by field data.The model was used to reproduce groundwater flow,heat transfer,and mechanical responses in porous media over three years and capture the thermo-and pressure-induced land subsidence.The results show that the maximum thermoinduced land subsidence accounts for about 60%of the total subsidence.The thermo-induced subsidence is slightly greater in winter than that in summer,and more pronounced near the cold well area than the hot well area.This study provides some valuable guidelines for controlling land subsidence caused by ATES systems installed in soft soils.

关键词： Aquifer thermal energy storage(ATES) land subsidence TOUGH-FLAC3D Thermo-elastoplastic constitutive model

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Using neural network modeling to improve the detection accuracy of land subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第7期21卷 2320-2333页

作者： Ali M.RAJABI Ali EDALAT Yasaman ABOLGHASEMI Mahdi KHODAPARAST Department of Engineering Geology University of TehranTehran ***Iran Department of Civil Engineering University of QomQom ***Iran

Despite the high efficiency of remote sensing methods for rapid and large-scale detection of subsidence phenomena,this technique has limitations such as atmospheric impact and temporal and spatial decorrelation that affect the accuracy of the results.This paper proposes a method based on an artificial neural network to improve the results of monitoring land subsidence due to groundwater overexploitation by radar interferometry in the Aliabad plain(Central Iran).In this regard,vertical ground deformations were monitored over 18 months using the Sentinel-1A SAR images.To model the land subsidence by a multilayer perceptron(MLP)artificial neural network,four parameters,including groundwater level,alluvial thickness,elastic modulus,and transmissivity have been applied.The model's generalizability was assessed using data derived for 144 days.According to the results,the neural network estimates the land subsidence at each ground point with an accuracy of 6.8 mm.A comparison between the predicted and actual values indicated a significant agreement.The MLP model can be used to improve the results of subsidence detection in the study area or other areas with similar characteristics.

关键词： DInSAR land subsidence Groundwater withdrawal Aliabad plain Artificial neural network

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Decomposing and mapping different scales of land subsidence over Shanghai with X-and C-Band SAR data stacks

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2022年第1期15卷 478-502页

作者： Ru Wang Mengshi Yang Tianliang Yang Jinxin Lin Mingsheng Liao State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote SensingWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople’s Republic of China School of Earth Sciences Yunnan UniversityKunmingPeople’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of land subsidence Monitoring and Prevention Ministry of Land and ResourcesShanghaiPeople’s Republic of China Shanghai Institute of Geological Survey ShanghaiPeople’s Republic of China

land subsidence can be observed with time-series of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(InSAR)data.However,existing approaches only reveal subsidence signals that are multi-scale mixed,which is not conducive to the systematic analysis of subsidence of different mechanisms.A deformation signal decomposition(DSD)method based on spectral analysis is used to decompose the deformation extracted by time-series InSAR into three classes of deformation signals.They refer to large-scale deformation related to geological settings,medium-scale deformation caused more by group excavation,and small-scale deformation along linear infrastructures.TerraSAR-X datasets for Shanghai spanning April 2013 to September 2020,and Sentinel-1A datasets spanning January 2016 to September 2020 are used in this study.The results were cross-verified between the TerraSAR-X and Sentinel-1A datasets,and validated against levelling measurements.subsidence signals caused by different mechanisms were automatically decomposed,which facilitates a systematic analysis for targeted diagnosis of land subsidence signals.A detailed analysis was conducted jointly at three scales of surface displacement,geological conditions,major construction activities,and subsidence mechanisms.It indicated that construction activities were the leading cause of land subsidence,and suggests that local authorities that wish to mitigate surface subsidence may benefit from primarily considering this process.

关键词： Deformation decomposition land subsidence time-series InSAR Shanghai

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land subsidence prediction for a new urban mass rapid transit line in Hanoi

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Underground Space 2020年第2期5卷 93-104页

作者： Pham Huy Giao Vu Thi Hue Nguyen Dang Han Nguyen Thi Hai Anh Nguyen Ngoc Minh Asian Institute of Technology BangkokThailand Institute of Foundation and Underground FECONHanoiViet Nam Sonhai JSC Viet Nam

The rapidly increasing population,urbanization,and industrialization of Hanoi city in the last few decades have necessitated the urgent development of a new underground public transport infrastructure such as the urban mass rapid transit(UMRT)system that is now under construction.Simultaneously,concerns on the possible effects of land subsidence on the to-be-constructed and operated UMRT lines must be addressed.One of the difficulties while assessing land subsidence in Hanoi is the insufficient subsidence monitoring data.Therefore,a good geotechnical characterization of the subsoil profile and proper numerical analysis can help predict groundwater pumping-induced subsidence adequately.The UMRT line No.2 that was selected for this study is special as it runs across the old quarter downtown,located at the very heart of Hanoi city.In this paper,the Hanoi aquifer system,groundwater extraction,and subsidence monitoring network of Hanoi are reviewed comprehensively.Soil data from 30 investigation boreholes were analyzed to characterize the subsoil profile underlying a segment of the UMRT line No.2 that consists of both elevated and underground sections.Seven soil layers were identified up to a depth of 50 m,including a compressible soft clay layer 10-15 m thick that is supposed to be most vulnerable to subsidence by groundwater pumping.Based on the long-term groundwater monitoring data,one-dimensional finite element method(FEM)consolidation analyses were carried out for three drawdown boundary conditions of 5,10,and 15 m and yielded a total subsidence of 0.15,0.35,and 0.5 m,respectively,after 25 years with 1994 as the reference year.The results of this study confirmed that land subsidence in particular should be considered in the construction and maintenance of the UMRT lines in Hanoi,in particular for underground sections that are founded on soft to medium clay layers.

关键词： Hanoi aquifer system Groundwater pumping land subsidence UMRT line Geotechnical characterization

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Influences of soil hydraulic and mechanical parameters on land subsidence and ground fissures caused by groundwater exploitation

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2014年第1期26卷 155-164页

作者：陈兴贤骆祖江周世玲 School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Hohai University Bureau of Geology Mineral Resources Prospecting of Jiangsu Province

In order to study the influences of hydraulic and mechanical parameters on land subsidence and ground fissure caused by groundwater exploitation, based on the Biot＇s consolidation theory and combined with the nonlinear rheological theory of soil, the constitutive relation in Biot＇s consolidation theory is extended to include the viscoelastic plasticity, and the dynamic relationship among the porosity, the hydraulic conductivity, the parameters of soil deformation and effective stress is also considered, a three-dimensional full coupling mathematical model is established and applied to the study of land subsidence and ground fissures of Cangzhou in Hebei Province, through the analysis of parameter sensitivity, the influences of soil hydraulic and mechanical parame-ters on land subsidence and ground fissure are revealed. It is shown that the elastic modulus E , the Poisson ratio, the specific yield m and the soil cohesion c have a great influence on the land subsidence and the ground fissures. In addition, the vertical hydraulic conductivity zk and the horizontal hydraulic conductivity ks also have a great influence on the land subsidence and the ground fissures.

关键词： Biot＇s consolidation viscoelastic plasticity groundwater land subsidence ground fissure

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FINITE ELEMENT NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF land subsidence AND GROUNDWATER EXPLOITATION BASED ON VISCO-ELASTICPLASTIC BIOT'S CONSOLIDATION THEORY

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2011年第5期23卷 615-624页

作者： LUO Zu-jiang ZENG Feng College of Earth Science and Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China

The land subsidence due to groundwater exploitation has an obvious hysteretic nature with respect to the decrease of the under groundwater level, and the uneven settlement often causes ground fissures. To study these important features, a visco-elasticplastic constitutive relationship with consideration of the coupling of seepage and soil deformation is proposed, and a finite element model with variable coefficients based on the Biot＇s consolidation theory is built. With the groundwater exploitation and the land subsidence control in Cangzhou City, Hebei Province as an example, the variations of the under groundwater level and the deve- lopment of the land subsidence due to the groundwater exploitation are simulated and ground fissures are predicted by the horizontal displacement calculation. The results show that the lag time between the land subsidence and the under groundwater level descent is about a month, and the simulated results of fissures agree well with the observed data. The model can well reveal the characterization of the interaction between the land subsidence and the groundwater exploitation.

关键词： hysteretic property land subsidence visco-elastic-plastic constitutive relationship finite element model

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The Characteristics and Causes of land subsidence in Tanggu Based on the GPS Survey System and Numerical Simulation

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第6期85卷 1495-1507页

作者： MA Fengshan WEI Aihua HAN Zhantao ZHAO Haijun GUO Jie Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China The Institute ofHydrogeology andEnvironmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Shijiazhuang 050061 China

land subsidence is a severe hazard threatening Tanggu, a flat lowland area, and evidences of land subsidence can be seen throughout the city. A new reasonable GPS network was set up in this area from 2008 to 2010. The monitoring data show that land subsidence was serious and two main subsidence cones were obviously formed in the region. One emerged at Hujiayuan, with the maximum rate reaching 60 ram/a, and the influence region enlarged prominently from 2005 to 2010. The other one occurred at Kaifaqu, which became obvious only after 2005, and it showed a decreasing tendency with time. To analyze the causes of ground settlement, a correlation between groundwater withdrawal and land subsidence was firstly made. The results confirmed that over-exploitation of groundwater was the major cause for the severe settlement in Hujiayuan. Meanwhile, the subsidence of Kaifaqu was also related to groundwater withdrawal before 2005. However, the relationship became unconspicuous after 2005. To find the cause of this abnormity, a three-dimensional finite element numerical model, coupled with groundwater flow and subsidence, was built. The simulation results indicate that the subsidence induced by high-rise buildings is serious, but the affected range is limited and it also shows a decreasing trend with time, corresponding to the subsidence characteristics at Kaifaqu. Therefore, more attention should be paid to this hazard induced by engineering construction besides groundwater withdrawal, as more high-rise buildings are under construction in Tanggu.

关键词： land subsidence GPS subsidence cones finite element numerical model high-rise buildings

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Development and Application of a Regional land subsidence Model for the Plain of Tianjin

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Journal of Earth Science 2014年第3期25卷 550-562页

作者： Yali Cui Chen Su Jingli Shao Yabin Wang Xiaoyuan Cao School of Water Resources and Environment China University of Geosciences Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Tianjin Institute of Geological Survey

In this paper, a coupled numerical groundwater and land subsidence model was developed for the Tianjin Plain. The model was employed to investigate the groundwater resources and their changes over the last decade, and to further predict the changing patterns of the groundwater level and associated land subsidence in future. First, according to the regional hydrogeology, the simulation area was defined with an area of 10.6×103 km2, which was divided into six aquifer units. A coupled groundwater and land subsidence numerical model was built by using Modflow2005 and the land subsidence simulation module SUB（subsidence and aquifer-system compaction）, in which the groundwater flow was modeled as three-dimensional unsteady flow and the land subsidence simulation was based on one-dimensional consolidation theory. The model was then calibrated by using the groundwater level contour lines, hydrographs, and land subsidence hydrographs over the period of 1998–2008. In addition, groundwater balance analysis of the simulation period indicated that under multi-year groundwater withdrawal condition the cross-flow recharge, compression release, and lateral boundary inflow contributed 44.43%, 32.14%, and 21.88% to the deep aquifer recharge, respectively. Finally, the model was applied to predict the changing patterns of the groundwater levels and the associated variations in land subsidence under the control of groundwater exploitation after implementation of the south-to-north water diversion project. The simulation results demonstrated that the groundwater level may gradually increase year by year with an decrease in the groundwater withdrawal; and the land in dominated land subsidence regions including the urban area, Dagang, Hangu, Jinghai, Wuqing, and Jinnan, may rebound at an average rate of 2–3 mm/a, and the land subsidence rate in the other regions may decrease.

关键词： groundwater land subsidence simulation modflow SUB the south-to-north water diversion.

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Finite-difference model of land subsidence caused by cluster loads in Zhengzhou,China

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2020年第1期8卷 43-56页

作者： ZHAO Yue-wen WANG Xiu-yan LIU Chang-li LI Bing-yan Institute of hydrogeology and environmental geology Chinese academy of geological sciences

Groundwater exploitation has been regarded as the main reason for land subsidence in China and thus receives considerable attention from the government and the academic community.Recently,building loads have been identified as another important factor of land subsidence,but researches in this sector have lagged.The effect of a single building load on land subsidence was neglected in many cases owing to the narrow scope and the limited depth of the additional stress in stratum.However,due to the superposition of stresses between buildings,the additional stress of cluster loads is greater than that of a single building load under the same condition,so that the land subsidence caused by cluster loads cannot be neglected.Taking Shamen village in the north of Zhengzhou,China,as an example,a finite-difference model based on the Biot consolidation theory to calculate the land subsidence caused by cluster loads was established in this paper.Cluster loads present the characteristics of large-area loads,and the land subsidence caused by cluster loads can have multiple primary consolidation processes due to the stress superposition of different buildings was shown by the simulation results.Pore water migration distances are longer when the cluster loads with high plot ratio are imposed,so that consolidation takes longer time.The higher the plot ratio is,the deeper the effective deformation is,and thus the greater the land subsidence is.A higher plot ratio also increases the contribution that the deeper stratigraphic layers make to land subsidence.Contrary to the calculated results of land subsidence caused by cluster loads and groundwater recession,the percentage of settlement caused by cluster loads in the total settlement was 49.43%and 55.06%at two simulated monitoring points,respectively.These data suggest that the cluster loads can be one of the main causes of land subsidence.

关键词： land subsidence Cluster loads Additional stress Fluid-solid coupling model Finite-difference model

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Prediction of land subsidence caused by groundwater exploitation in Hanoi, Vietnam, using multifactorial correlation analysis

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2013年第5期5卷 644-653页

作者： Thinh Hong Phi Ludmila Aleksandrovna Strokova Department of Hydrogeology Engineering Geology and HydrogeoecologyInstitute of Natural ResourcesNational Research Tomsk Polytechnic University

Multifactorial correlation analysis is a new method used to predict the land subsidence caused by groundwater exploitation This article introduces and applies the method to establish the function of the surface settlement rate （Vs） and the function of the time-dependent surface settlement （St） caused by groundwater exploitation, based on data acquired at three land subsidence monitoring stations in the Hanoi area of Vietnam. Comparison with actual monitoring data indicates that the prediction results are relatively close to the monitoring data. From this, we conclude that multifactorial correlation analysis is a reliable method and can be used to predict future land subsidence caused by groundwater exploitation in Hanoi.

关键词： land subsidence groundwater exploitation multifactorial correlation analysis surface settlement rate time-dependent settlement

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