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Detection of novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) in the urban soils of Melbourne, Australia

Emerging Contaminants 2017年第1期3卷 23-31页

作者： Thomas J.McGrath Paul D.Morrison Andrew S.Ball Bradley O.Clarke School of Science Centre for Environmental Sustainability and RemediationRMIT UniversityGPO Box 2476MelbourneVictoria 3001Australia Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science(ACROSS) School of ScienceRMIT UniversityGPO Box 2476MelbourneVictoria 3001Australia

A range of brominated flame retardants(BFRs)have been incorporated into polymeric materials like plastics,electronic equipment,foams and textiles to prevent *** most common of these,polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),have been subject to legislated bans and voluntary withdrawal by manufacturers in North America,Europe and Australia over the past decade due to long-range atmospheric transport,persistence in the environment,and *** has shown that replacement novel brominated flame retardants(NBFRs)are released to the environment by the same mechanisms as PBDEs and share similar hazardous *** objective of the current research was to characterize soil contamination by NBFRs in the urban soils of Melbourne,Australia.A variety of industrial and nonindustrial land-uses were investigated with the secondary objective of determining likely point sources of *** NBFRs;pentabromotoluene(PBT),pentabromoethylbenzene(PBEB),hexabromobenzene(HBB),2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate(EH-TBB),1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane(BTBPE)and decabromodiphenyl ethane(DBDPE)were measured in 30 soil samples using selective pressurized liquid extraction(S-PLE)and gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(GC-MS/MS).NBFRs were detected in 24/30 soil samples with S5NBFR concentrations ranging from nd-385 ng/g *** was the most frequently detected compound(14/30),while the highest concentrations were observed for DBDPE,followed by *** waste recycling and polymer manufacturing appear to be key contributors to NBFR soil contamination in the city of Melbourne.A significant positive correlation between S8PBDEs and S5NBFR soil concentrations was observed at waste disposal sites to suggest that both BFR classes are present in Melbourne's waste streams,while no association was determined among manufacturing *** research provides the first account of NBFRs in Australian soils and indicates that these emerging con

关键词： Novel brominated flame retardants(NBFRs) Persistent organic pollutants(POPs) land contamination Soil

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土壤污染治理责任溯及力研究

引用

经济法学、劳动法学 2018年第1期

作者：王欢欢

如果土壤污染由过去的活动造成，污染发生于法律实施前，而污染状态持续至法律实施后，追究新法生效前的污染者或其他潜在责任者的污染土壤治理或修复责任，就会构成新法的真正、不利、强式溯及。土壤污染治理公共利益的重大性、紧迫性... 详细信息

如果土壤污染由过去的活动造成，污染发生于法律实施前，而污染状态持续至法律实施后，追究新法生效前的污染者或其他潜在责任者的污染土壤治理或修复责任，就会构成新法的真正、不利、强式溯及。土壤污染治理公共利益的重大性、紧迫性使得这种溯及具有正当性。但是，为了防止全面溯及过于严苛，损害责任者基于对原法律秩序的信赖而产生的利益，并防止人们对法产生反感，进而增加执法和司法成本，有必要设定一些缓冲机制，以寻求法的安定性和社会变动性之间的巧妙平衡。

关键词：土壤污染溯及力场地修复法不溯及既往 land contamination retroactivity land remediation non-retroactive principle

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