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land Use capability and the Sustainable Scale: An Overview of Agriculture in São Paulo State, Brazil

Natural Resources 2022年第8期13卷 171-180页

作者： Oscar Sarcinelli Ademar Ribeiro Romeiro Lauro Charlet Pereira Sergio Gomes Tosto Núcleo de Economia Agrícola e Meio Ambiente Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil EMBRAPA Meio Ambiente Jaguariúna Brazil EMBRAPA Territorial Campinas Brazil

Establishing a sustainable scale in natural resources management enables effective economic and ecological policies and guarantees the long-term sustainability of economic production. In agriculture, land evaluations determine the land use sustainable scales, that is, those that avoid land degradation and allow the provision of food, wood, energy, and ecosystem services over time. The paper assessed São Paulo State’s agricultural sustainability by analyzing the current land use adequacy to the land use capability map that follows FAO 1976 “guide for land evaluation” and was applied to São Paulo by the State Agricultural Secretariat. Results indicate inefficiencies in land use at the state level, where more than one-third of agricultural lands do not satisfy technical land capability indications. According to technical land use capability, more than 4.5 million hectares are being underused (economic inefficiency) and another 2.2 million hectares are being overused (environmental inefficiency). Pasturelands represent the most unsustainable land use, where 3.7 million hectares are allocated in high quality lands with high agricultural production potential, and another 0.7 million hectares are allocated in lands with very low quality for agriculture, most of than area degraded. To achieve sustainability, lands with high agricultural production potential should be used to improve agriculture and food production and, on the other hand, lands with very low agricultural production potential should be used for wood production, agroforestry, ecotourism and natural ecosystems conservation. Our results provide a framework for improving land use policies in São Paulo State and highlight an opportunity to achieve land use sustainability.

关键词： land Use Planning land capability Agricultural Sustainability

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Environmental rehabilitation of damaged land

引用

Forest Ecosystems 2020年第2期7卷 247-262页

作者： Mike Mentis Postnet 540 Bag X9Benmore 2010South Africa

Background:Much land is subject to damage by construction,development and exploitation with consequent loss of environmental function and *** might the loss be recovered?Results:This article develops principles of environmental *** issues include the *** means restoring the previous *** or not to restore is not a technical but a value *** is subject to adopting the sustainability *** the ethic is followed under rule of law then rehabilitation must be done always to’the high standard’which means handing down unimpaired environmental function and no extra land *** elements of the former condition that it is intended to restore must be *** these in any given case is the purpose of that rehabilitation *** specified restoration elements must be easily measurable with a few simple powerful *** land damage is not fixable so restraint must be exercised in what construction,development and exploitation are *** sustainability is adopted then cost benefit analysis is not a valid form of project appraisal because trading off present benefits against future losses relies on subjectively decided discount rates,and because natural capital is hard to price,indispensable,irreplaceable and *** often to be restored include agricultural land capability,landscape form and environmental *** capability is a widely used convention and,with landscape form,encapsulate many key land factors,and are easily *** soil and thereby environmental function provides the necessary base for an ecological ***:The need for rehabilitation is not to be justified by cost-benefit or scientific and technological proof,but rests on a value judgement to sustain natural capital for present and future *** on what activities and projects to permit should be based on what is physically and financially fixable o

关键词： Cost benefit analysis Environmental function land capability landscape form Natural capital Rehabilitation Restoration Sustainability

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