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Water Cooperation Priorities in the lancang-mekong River Basin Based on Cooperative Events Since the mekong River Commission Establishment

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Chinese Geographical Science 2019年第1期29卷 58-69页

作者： FENG Yan WANG Wenling SUMAN Daniel YU Shiwei HE Daming Asian International Rivers Center Yunnan University Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security Yunnan University Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science University of Miami

The lancang-mekong River has attracted much attention from researchers, but the cooperation on water issues in this river basin has been limited, even after the establishment of the mekong River Commission(MRC). Cooperation on water resources has been determined as one of the key priority areas in the lancang-mekong Cooperation Mechanism, but there are no details of targets. In order to establish the priorities of water cooperation under the mechanism, we adopted nine categories to classify the objectives of 87 water cooperation events based on the ‘lancang-mekong Water Cooperative Events Database' from 1995 to 2015. Based on the occurrence of cooperative events, cooperative objectives, cooperative scales, and approaches to cooperation, we conducted statistical, correlation, and text analyses. Our analyses indicated the following results: under the impact of economic conditions inside and outside the river basin, full cooperation appeared more difficult than bilateral and multilateral cooperation. Each of the partners adopted different preferences for cooperation targets. Cooperation with more definite objectives was easier to establish than cooperation with broader and more complex objectives. The potential objectives for water cooperation were navigation, hydropower, joint management, data sharing, flood control and water use. Because hydropower development is controversial, and because water cooperation is avoided by most existing regional cooperation mechanisms due to its complexity, we suggest the following priority areas for water cooperation in the lancang-mekong River Basin. 1) Navigation and flood control/drought relief are attractive objectives for all the riparian countries across the whole watershed. 2) Data sharing should be a priority for cooperation in the watershed due to its laying the foundation for the equitable and reasonable utilization of transboundary waters. 3) Hydropower is an objective best implemented mainly through bilateral cooperation, and on tributaries.

关键词： water cooperation objective cooperative scale the lancang-mekong River riparian country mekong River Commission

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Hydrological Simulation Using TRMM and CHIRPS Precipitation Estimates in the Lower lancang-mekong River Basin

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Chinese Geographical Science 2019年第1期29卷 13-25页

作者： LUO Xian WU Wenqi HE Daming LI Yungang JI Xuan Asian International Rivers Center Yunnan University Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security

Satellite-based products with high spatial and temporal resolution provide useful precipitation information for data-sparse or ungauged large-scale watersheds. In the Lower lancang-mekong River Basin, rainfall stations are sparse and unevenly distributed, and the transboundary characteristic makes the collection of precipitation data more difficult, which has restricted hydrological processes simulation. In this study, daily precipitation data from four datasets(gauge observations, inverse distance weighted(IDW) data, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) estimates, and Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations(CHIRPS) estimates), were applied to drive the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT) model, and then their capability for hydrological simulation in the Lower lancang-mekong River Basin were examined. TRMM and CHIRPS data showed good performances on precipitation estimation in the Lower lancang-mekong River Basin, with the better performance for TRMM product. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE) values of gauge, IDW, TRMM, and CHIRPS simulations during the calibration period were 0.87, 0.86, 0.95, and 0.93 for monthly flow, respectively, and those for daily flow were 0.75, 0.77, 0.86, and 0.84, respectively. TRMM and CHIRPS data were superior to rain gauge and IDW data for driving the hydrological model, and TRMM data produced the best simulation performance. Satellite-based precipitation estimates could be suitable data sources when simulating hydrological processes for large data-poor or ungauged watersheds, especially in international river basins for which precipitation observations are difficult to collect. CHIRPS data provide long precipitation time series from 1981 to near present and thus could be used as an alternative precipitation input for hydrological simulation, especially for the period without TRMM data. For satellite-based precipitation products, the differences in the occurrence frequencies and amounts of precipitation with different intensities would affect simulation re

关键词： hydrological simulation satellite-based precipitation estimates spatial distribution of precipitation international river the Lower lancang-mekong River Basin

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GIS and DEM based analysis of incision and drainage reorganization of the Buyuan River basin in the upper lancang-mekong of China since the Late Pleistocene

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第9期30卷 1495-1506页

作者： GU Zhenkui FAN Hui YANG Kun Yunnan Key Laboratory of In ternational Rivers and Tran sbo un dary Eco-Security Institute of International Rivers and Eco-SecurityYunnan UniversityKunming 650091China

River incision and drainage reorganization have an important impact on the site selection of many major projects including city,road and others,and are the key issues of Quaternary environmental changes.Studies of river incision and river-network adjustment have traditionally been based on extensive field evidence,such as sediment age and beheaded river system.The Buyuan River basin is a large sub-basin of the upper lancang-mekong,with high mountains and extremely active erosion.The latter affects the preservation of the Quaternary period sediments leading to difficulties in understanding the main evolution characteristics of the basin.This study investigates differences in the equilibrium state of the longitudinal profile,infers incision rates,and evaluates drainage divide migration timelines using the stream-power incision model,the latest morphological dating,and Chi-plots(χ–z) based on digital elevation models(DEMs) on the GIS software platform.The final results show that two significant erosion base-level decreases occurred in the Late Pleistocene at least.The incision rate of the mainstream might have been 0–2.99 mm/yr since 100 ka BP and 0–3.28 mm/yr since 46 ka BP.The Chi-values across the divides suggest that space limited(or constrained) river reorganization and that there is no severe reorganization in the basin;the imbalance of traceable erosion only exists in local areas.The main driving force for the geomorphologic evolution of the Buyuan River basin is likely climate fluctuations rather than strong tectonic uplift since the Late Pleistocene.

关键词： incision rate river reorganization morphometric dating Buyuan River lancang-mekong

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Progress and Future Development of lancang-mekong Cooperation

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国际问题研究 2018年第3期 199-215页

作者： Liu Qing Department for Asia-Pacific Security and Cooperation China Institute of International Studies (CIIS)

Situated along the lancang-mekong River are China and the five ASEAN countries of Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. They have much in common and are keen for close cooperation, which led to the launch of the lancang-mekong Cooperation （LMC） mechanism in 2016. Over the past two years, the LMC has increasingly expanded its influence in sub-regional cooperation, becoming an important model for China and neighboring countries seeking to build a community of shared future.

关键词： lancang-mekong Cooperation Future Development

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Trade and Investment Facilitation under the lancang-mekong Cooperation Framework

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China International Studies 2018年第4期63卷 76-92页

作者： Tian Xinqing the International Cooperation Center of China’s National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC).

The lancang-mekong Cooperation(LMC)is the first cooperation mechanism led by the six countries situated along the lancang-mekong River.Since its establishment,the LMC mechanism has developed smoothly with fruitful achievements.To date,most research on the LMC,by both domestic and foreign academics,has focused on environmental protection and water resource management,but rarely touches upon the area of trade and investment.As facilitation of regional trade and investment helps consolidate the foundation for lancang-mekong cooperation,and also serves as an important catalyst for economic development of lancang-mekong countries,it is important to accurately grasp the status quo and challenges in this area,in order to better integrate current resources,push industrial upgrade,create uniform market standards,strengthen coordinated development,and increase the sub-region’s overall strength.

关键词： lancang-mekong Cooperation lancang-mekong countries

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Progress and Future Development of lancang-mekong Cooperation

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China International Studies 2018年第3期63卷 71-87页

作者： Liu Qing Department for Asia-Pacific Security China Institute of International Studies(CIIS)

Situated along the lancang-mekong River are China and the five ASEAN countries of Myanmar,Laos,Thailand,Cambodia and Vietnam.They have much in common and are keen for close cooperation,which led to the launch of the lancang-mekong Cooperation(LMC)mechanism in 2016.Over the past two years,the LMC has increasingly expanded its influence in sub-regional cooperation,becoming an important model for China and neighboring countries seeking to build a community of shared future.

关键词： lancang-mekong River are China ASEAN LMC

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An Analysis of lancang-mekong Cooperation Mechanism in China’s Neighboring Diplomacy

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Contemporary International Relations 2019年第5期29卷 47-73页

作者： Li Wei Luo Yifu the School of International Studies at Renmin University of China

The Indochina Peninsula is of special and important significance to China's geopolitical strategy,which is the foothold of China's strategy in Southeast Asia and even the whole Asia-Pacific region,as well as the strategic springboard of*China s global development.In 2016,China led the establishment of the lancang-mekong Cooperation mechanism,and achieved remarkable results in terms of institutional development,project implementation and the construction of international relations among member states in the short term.The establishment and rapid development of the lancang-mekong Cooperation is based on member states,strong willingness to cooperate.It also benefits from the rational design of their institutional structures,geographical advantages,strong and complementary economies,and close sociocultural similarities.On the other hand,the further development of the lancang?mekong Cooperation is facing many risks and challenges as a result of the complexities of the internal environment of the Indochina Peninsula and the geopolitical competition of extraterritorial forces in the region.In this regard,China should make more efforts to improve relevant institutional arrangements for the lancang-mekong Cooperation,broaden the areas and enrich the content of cooperation,coordinate with extraterritorial forces and increase the number of stakeholders.

关键词： lancang-mekong Cooperation the Indochina Peninsula geopolitics neighboring Diplomacy

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Quantitative analysis of the macro-geomorphic evolution of Buyuan Basin, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第5期16卷 1035-1047页

作者： GU Zhen-kui FAN Hui SONG Zhao-jun Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security Yunnan University Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security Yunnan University Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Minerals College of Earth Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology

Buyuan River, the largest tributary within the Chinese lancang-mekong River region downstream of the Jinghong Dam, plays a crucial role in river function and ecosystem service of the lancang-mekong River. The geomorphic evolution of a basin exerts a key control on riverine sediment input and transport. In this study, the geomorphic characteristics of Buyuan Basin are analyzed using morphological parameters, hydrodynamic parameters and the stream power river incision model. The results show that: 1) The slight north-south difference of channel density is most likely due to lithology and independent of tectonic activity and climate. 2) The weak tectonic activity and the low hypsometric integral(HI) value suggest that the macroscopic landform condition limits erosion and sediment production. 3) The logarithmic longitudinal profile of the main channel defends that the upstream sediments generated by erosion are easily deposited in the downstream channel, rather than being transported directly into the lancang-mekong River. 4) Approximately 74% of the reaches have annual average stream power less than 500 W·m^(-1). The narrow variation ranges of stream power in 50% of the river channel indicate relatively stable hydrodynamic environment. 5) Stream erosion and tectonic activity make the longitudinal profiles of the main channel and most tributary channels unstable. The wide range(between 22.01 and 45.58 with θ=0.43) of steepness index(k_(sn)) of longitudinal profiles implies differential uplift in the basin.

关键词： Geomorphic parameters Steepness index Stream power lancang-mekong River

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Distribution and Susceptibility Assessment of Collapses and Landslides in the Riparian Zone of the Xiaowan Reservoir

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Chinese Geographical Science 2019年第1期29卷 70-85页

作者： ZHONG Ronghua HE Daming HU Jinming DUAN Xingwu HUANG Jiangcheng CHENG Xupeng Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security Yunnan University Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security Yunnan University

The southwest alpine gorge region is the major state base of hydropower energy development in China and hence planned many cascading hydropower stations. After the reservoir impoundment, the intense water level fluctuations under the interaction of cascade dams operating and the mountainous flooding, usually cause bank collapse, landslide and debris flow hazards. The Xiaowan reservoir(XWR), for example, as the ‘dragon head' meg reservoir located in the middle mainstream of lancang River, have resulted in a series of geohazards during its building and operating. In this study, we investigated the number and surface area of collapses and landslides(CLs) occurred in the water level fluctuations zone(WLFZ) of XWR using remote sensing images of Gaofen-1 and Google Earth; evaluated the CLs susceptibility using information value method. The results presented that the total WLFZ area of 87.03 km2 and 804 CLs masses with a total area of 1.98 km2 were identified in the riparian zone of XWR. CLs mainly occurred at an elevation of 1190–1240 m, and the CLs density increased with an increase in altitude. The WLFZ with a slope gradient of 25°– 45° is the main CLs distribution area that accounts for more than half of the total CLs area. The susceptibility assessment revealed that high and very high susceptibility zones are generally distributed along zones with an elevation of 1210–1240 m, a slope degree of 25°–45° and a slope aspect perpendicular to the direction of lancang River. Furthermore, these susceptible zones are close in distance to the dam site and tend to be in the riparian zones with the formation lithology of Silurian strata. These results provide a valuable contribution to prevent and control geohazards in the XWR area. Moreover, this study offers a constructive sample of geohazards assessment in the riparian zone of large reservoirs throughout the mountains of southwest China.

关键词： susceptibility assessment collapses and landslides water level fluctuations Xiaowan Reservoir lancang-mekong River

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lancang-mekong WEEK LAUNCHED

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China Report ASEAN 2019年第4期4卷 9-9页

The 2019 Yunnan lancang-mekong Cooperation Series and lancang-mekong Week were launched at Yunnan University on March 18.More than 200 representatives from Kunming-based foreign consulates,local governments,universities and companies,including Lao consul general Khamphone Vongsanty,Myanmar consul general U Soe Paing,Cambodian consul general Lem Puthviro and Malaysian consul general Faizal Bin Shani,attended the launch ceremony.

关键词： Yunnan lancang-mekong Cooperation Series lancang-mekong Week Yunnan University

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