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Russian researchers reach subglacial lake vostok in Antarctica

Advances in Polar Science 2012年第3期23卷 176-180页

作者： TALALAY Pavel Polar Research Center Jilin University

Opening a new scientific frontier lying under the Antarctic ice, Russian researchers have drilled down and finally reached the surface of the gigantic freshwater lake, lake vostok. The mission chief likened the achievement to placing a man on the moon. Drilling in the area of the lake began 22 years ago in 1990, but progressed slowly as a result of funding shortages, equipment breakdowns, difficulties of drilling in the ＂warm＂ ice, and environmental concerns. In 1996, six years after drilling was started, a group of Russian and British scientists discovered the lake believed to be one of the largest fresh water reservoirs on the planet. This lake is among the last unexplored places on Earth. Sealed from the Earth＇s atmosphere for millions of years, it may provide vital information about microbial evolution, the past climate of the Earth, and the formation of the Antarctic ice sheet. Russian experts waited several years for international approval of their drilling technology before proceeding. As anticipated, lake water under pressure rushed up the borehole, pushing the drilling fluid up and away, then froze, forming a protective plug that prevented contamination of the lake. In December of the next Antarctic season, 2012--2013, researchers plan to re-drill the frozen sample of subglacial water for analysis.

关键词： lake vostok Antarctic subglacial environment ice drilling

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钻透南极外星湖lake vostok

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奇闻怪事 2013年第11期 21-21页

20世纪末,俄、英科学家在南极沃斯托克考察站底下发现了全世界最大的冰下湖泊沃斯托克湖,其面积达14000平方公里,2000万年内都被封存在南极冰盖之下约4000米处,与世隔绝。探索意义堪比登月美国哥伦比亚大学冰川学家罗宾·贝尔曾把沃斯... 详细信息

20世纪末,俄、英科学家在南极沃斯托克考察站底下发现了全世界最大的冰下湖泊沃斯托克湖,其面积达14000平方公里,2000万年内都被封存在南极冰盖之下约4000米处,与世隔绝。探索意义堪比登月美国哥伦比亚大学冰川学家罗宾·贝尔曾把沃斯托克湖比作"外星湖",而此前,俄罗斯科考队行动负责人卢金则把对该湖的尝试性钻探和当年苏联与美国的登月之争相提并论。19世纪末期,俄国科学家、无政府主义革命者彼得·克鲁泡特金王子首先提出勘探南极冰下湖。在20世纪五六十年代的苏联南极科考中,地理学家安德烈·卡皮查曾指出过沃斯托克湖的大概位置并进行了命名,不过直到1994年它的存在才得以被俄英两国科学家证实。沃斯托克湖长160英里,最宽处30英里,它位于2.4英里厚的冰层下,湖水常年保持温暖,是400多个已知的南极冰

关键词：冰下湖沃斯托克湖 lake vostok

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Recent Russian remote sensing investigations in Antarctica within the framework of scientific traverses

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Advances in Polar Science 2015年第2期26卷 113-121页

作者： Sergey V.Popov Polar Marine Geosurvey Expedition (PMGE) 24 Pobeda Str.St.-PetersburgLomonosov198412Russia

This paper includes a short historical review of Russian and Soviet scientific traverses to study the Antarctic inland. The first traverse left on April 2, 1956. It resulted in the opening of the first Russian inland research station named Pionerskaya and provided the first geophysical and glaciological data on regions inland of the Antarctic coast. By 1965, a number of regional inland scientific traverses had been completed and. the first Atlas of Antarctica was published in 1966. The atlas presented the main achievements of that time. After the discovery of lake vostok, Russian scientists commenced remote sensing investigations to study this unique natural phenomenon. The propagation of acoustic and electromagnetic waves in the glacier near vostok Station were measured to provide important geophysical data. Radio-echo sounding data showed that lake vostok is isolated and separated from the rest of the Antarctic subglacial hydrosphere. The total area of the lake is 15 790 km2, excluding 365 km^2 occupied by 11 islands. Reflection seismic soundings of lake vostok estimated a total volume of about 6 100 km^3, an average depth of about 400 m, and a maximum depth of 1 200 m. Since 2008, there have been a number of scientific traverses between Mirny and vostok stations and between Progress and vostok stations. The data collected during the traverses have provided new insights into sub-ice topography and ice sheet structure, and have led to the discovery of subglacial lakes near Komsomolskaya Station and under Pionerskaya Station.

关键词： Russian scientific traverses lake vostok Antarctica remote sensing radio-echo sounding seismic

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