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Assessment of the Rural Water Supply Potential by Mechanical Wind Pumping Around the Floodplains of lake chad

Energy Engineering 2021年第4期118卷 931-945页

作者： DieudonnéKaoga Kidmo Bachirou Bogno Kodji Deli Michel Aillerie University of Maroua MarouaCameroon Universitéde Lorraine LMOPS-EA 4423Metz57070France CentraleSupélec LMOPSMetz57070France

In the present work,an assessment of the rural water supply potential by mechanical wind pumping around the floodplains of lake chad has been *** the floodplains around lake chad,available surface water is largely contaminated and represents health hazards to *** to underground and clean water has increasingly become ***,clean water scarcity has led to conflict and territorial pressures,which are contributing factors to poverty in the considered *** localities,Baga,Baga-Sola,Makari and Nguigmi,respectively,in Nigeria,chad,Cameroon and Niger have been selected inside the floodplains around lake chad,to evaluate the potential of wind power and prospects of windmills development to provide safe drinking-water supply,livestock watering and small-scale ***-term satellite-derived data,obtained through the Prediction of Worldwide renewable Energy Resources have been considered suitable and viable alternative to missing site-specific data from ground *** of Multi-blade driven piston pump is the preferred water pumping option for this study because of its higher overall system *** results of this study indicate that mean wind speeds,at 10 m height above ground level,are 4.64 m/s for Baga,4.76 m/s for Baga-Sola,4.32 m/s for Makari and 4.44 m/s for *** addition,wind speeds for Baga,for instance,are in the range of 2.5–10 m(working range of a wind pump),at 10,15,20 and 25 m height agl,for 79.64,82.80,84.79,and 86.19 per cent of the *** values for Baga-Sola,Makari and Nguigmi are in the range of 80.50–87.76 per cent,76.86–85,58 per cent,77.92–86.21 per cent,*** a Windmill with a 2 m-blade,a 25 m-height tower and considering a total dynamic head of 30 m,average monthly discharges for the dry season are 1,330,1,374,1,200 and 1,199 m3,respectively for Baga,Baga-Sola,Makari and ***,corresponding costs of water are 9.53,9.23,10.56 and 10.57 XAF/m3,for B

关键词： Wind energy windmill water pumping lake chad

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Paleohydrological Reconstruction from Late Holocene Records in Interdune lakes(N’Guigmi,Northern Bank of the lake chad,Niger)

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Open Journal of Geology 2013年第2期3卷 143-155页

作者： David Sebag Alain Durand Zibo Garba Eric P.Verrecchia Laboratoire Morphodynamique Continentale et Cotiere Universite de RouenCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique(CNRS)RouenFrance Laboratoire HydroSciences Montpellier Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement(IRD)Universite de NgaoundereCamerounFrance Departement de Geologie Universite Abdou MoumouniNiameyNiger Institut des Sciences de la Terre Universite de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland

An old erg covers the northern part of the lake chad basin. This dune landform allowed the formation of many interdune ponds of various sizes. Still present in certain zones where the groundwater level is high (e.g. Kanem, southern Manga), these ponds formed in the past a vast network of lacustrine microsystems, as shown by the nature and the distribution of their deposits. In the Manga, these interdune deposits represent the main sedimentary records of the Holocene environmental succession. Their paleobiological (pollens, diatoms, ostracods) and geochemical (δ18O, δ13C, Sr/Ca) contents are often the basis for paleoenvironmental reconstruction. On the other hand, their sedimentological characters are rarely exploited. This study of palustro-lacustrine deposits of the Holocene N’Guigmi lake (northern bank of the lake chad;Niger) is based on the relationships between the sedimentological features and the climato-hydrological fluctuations. The mineralogical parameters (e.g. calcium carbonate content, clay mineralogy) and the nature of autochthonous mineralization (i.e. amorphous silica, clays, calcium carbonates) can be interpreted using a straightforward hydro-sedimentary model. Established to explain the geochemical dynamics of lake chad, this model is based on a biogeochemical cycle of the main elements (i.e. silicium, calcium) directly controlled by the local hydrological balance (i.e. rainfall/evaporation ratio). All these results show that a detailed study of sedimentological features can provide important paleohydrological informations about the regional aridification since ca 6500 14C BP.

关键词： Sahel lake chad Holocene Mineralogy Depositional Environments Climate Change

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Evaluation of Morphometric Characters of Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) Populations in the lake chad Basin in Central Africa

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Advances in Entomology 2016年第2期4卷 75-89页

作者： Usman H. Dukku Department of Biological Sciences Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi Nigeria

Samples of workers of honeybee were collected from 42 colonies in 13 localities in the lake chad Basin (parts of Cameroon, chad, and Nigeria) and analysed using classical morphometry. Measurements of 35 morphological characters of body size, colour and pilosity were taken from 10 workers per colony and the data subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal components analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), stepwise discriminant analysis (DA) and Pearson’s product-moment correlation analysis. A one-way ANOVA revealed that means of 21 of the morphometric characters differed significantly (p 0.05). The bees formed one cluster in a PCA. However, scatter plots of altitude against principal component 1 of PCA (loaded with characters of body size) revealed an increase of size of the bees along the gradient of the lake chad Basin. The coefficient of determination (R2) indicated that 88% and 77% of the variation in size might be explained by altitude in the southeastern and southwestern parts of the basin, respectively. Additionally, there was a very highly significant strong positive relationship between principal component 1 and altitude (r(30) = 0.618, p < 0.0005). Similarly, HCA and DA classified the colonies into three morphoclusters whose distribution closely followed the altitude of the area.

关键词： Apis mellifera African Bees Morphometry lake chad

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Petrology of Metaluminous A-Type Rhyolite Discovered from Hadjer el Hamis Volcanoes (lake chad Basin)

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Open Journal of Geology 2018年第9期8卷 883-895页

作者： Claudial Amane Lagmet Fadimatou Ngounouno Yamgouot Mama Ntoumbe Abdou Aziz Youpougam Ismaila Ngounouno Institut Universitaire Polytechnique de Mongo N’DjaménaChad Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of NgaoundereYaoundeCameroon School of Geology and Mining Engineering University of NgaoundereMeigangaCameroon

Metaluminous (P.I. > 1) rhyolite from Hadjer el Hamis consisted of quartz, alkali feldspar, clinopyroxene (hedenbergite), amphibole (F-arfvedsonite) and oxides-hydroxides (ilmenite, magnetite, limonite) phenocrysts is characterized by the negative Eu, Ba, P, Sr and Ti anomalies. This metaluminous rhyolite and the early discovered peralkaline rhyolites in Hadjer el Hamis volcanoes derive likely from the same source, according to their coexistence on the same sector and their similar Zr/Nb ratios. The causes of magma heterogeneity are likely linked to varying amounts of extraction of an earlier melt phase or tectonic juxtaposition or a sudden increasing of fO2 in silicic magmas, triggered from a hydrothermal process, associated with F- and alkali-bearing fluids influx, which promoted the enrichment of Na in the hedenbergite rims and the crystallization of arfvedsonite.

关键词： Metaluminous Rhyolites lake chad Petrology Hadjer el Hamis

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