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Health 2019年第7期11卷 862-868页

作者： Japheth C. Kipkulei Teresa C. Lotodo Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion School of Medicine College of Health Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya

Background information: The laboratory request form is a communication link between the clinicians and the laboratory staff. It contains demographic details of the patient including full names, age and gender;the test required;location of the patient;date and time of request among other details. Incomplete and inaccurate filling of the request forms may cause errors which can impact on the quality of the patient care. Methodology: The study was a descriptive cross sectional where 289 laboratory request forms submitted consecutively to the haematology laboratory during the month of January 2018 were evaluated. Data was collected using a data collection form and analyzed by use of frequency table. Ethical clearance was sought from Institutional Research and Ethical Committee of Moi University and Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital. Results: Of all the 289 forms evaluated, only 1% (3/289) had all the required information. The parameters with the most information were patient’s name (100%), hospital number (100%), sex (99.7%), age (98.3%), investigation requested (97.6%), the location of the patient (96.9%), clinician’s name (96.9%) and signature (96.5%). The least information was recorded for clinical history (14.7%) and address of the patient (4.8%). Conclusion: The study showed that there were inadequacies in the recording of the required information in the laboratory request form. The parameters which were completely filled were the patient’s name and the hospital number, whereas the address and the clinical history had the least completion rates.

关键词： laboratory Request Forms Required Information Completion

How to Design Economic Predictive laboratory Panel Evaluating Acute Ischemic Stroke Outcome

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2019年第1期10卷 1-14页

作者： Hasnaa A. Abo-Elwafa Hazem K. Ibrahim Hassan M. El-Nady Asmaa H. Abbas Clinical Pathology Faculty of Medicine Sohag University Sohag Egypt Neurology Department Faculty of Medicine Sohag University Sohag Egypt

Background: acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains the third cause of death and disability, and acute phase responses, both increasing international normalized ratio (INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) are associated with worse outcome. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) serves as severity marker, and non-fasting triglycerides (TG) indicates remnants of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins potentially pro-inflammatory. Aims: to design predictive economic panel evaluating AIS. Patients and methods: 100(AIS) patients were included, clinically evaluated by Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS) and Modified Rankin Score (MRS), subjected to complete blood count (CBC) on Cell-Dyne3700, manual ESR, INR and APTT on SYSMEX-CA1500, serum uric acid (SUA), serum albumin and non-fasting (TG) on Beckman Coulter AU480. Statistical analysis: STATA intercooled version 9.2. Results: odd ratio (OR), confidence interval (CI) of (MRS) in correlation to WBCs count in quartile (Q)3, 4 (OR 8.14, CI 2.29 - 8.90, significant P = 0.01;and OD13.5, CI 3.39 - 53.68, high significant P = 0.001 respectively), to APTT in Q3 (OD 4.15, CI 1.09 - 15.82, P = 0.04), SUA in Q3 (OD 0.19, CI 0.05 - 0.68, P = 0.01), TG in Q3,4 (OD 0.24 CI 0.06 - 0.88, P = 0.03;and OD 0.09, CI 0.02 - 0.34 P = 0.001 respectively) and serum albumin in Q3(OD 0.13, CI 0.04 - 0.51, P = 0.003), insignificant correlations to ESR, INR and platelets. Conclusion: according to (MRS), the economic predictive panel should be included WBCs, APTT, SUA, and non-fasting TG with serum albumin as prognostic tool evaluating functional disability in AIS.

关键词： Acute Ischemic Stroke Predictive laboratory Panel

Selection of laboratory Mice for the High Scores of Logic Task Solutions: The Correlated Changes in Behavior

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2014年第4期5卷 294-300页

作者： Olga V. Perepelkina Vassilissa A. Golibrodo Irina G. Lilp Inga I. Poletaeva laboratory of Physiology and Genetics of Behavior Biology Faculty Lomonossov Moscow State University Moscow Rus-sia

Genetically heterogenous mouse population served as the basis for experiment designed to select mice for the high levels of extrapolation ability. Extrapolation task (which belongs to the category of cognitive tasks) was the following: hungry and thirsty mouse was placed in the experimental box facing the cup with milk which could be reached via the small opening in the frontal wall. After several seconds of drinking the food moved behind this wall to the right or to the left and disappeared from animal view. Mouse can find the food only if it moves in the direction of food movement. The direction could be chosen at random or based on animal apprehension of elementary logic of this task. Mice were selected not only for high scores of this task solution but also for lack of anxiety signs during test performance. Extrapolation task scores in selected strain mice were above the chance levels in F9 but non-significantly different from those of control unselected mouse population. The performance of F9 mice in the “puzzle box” cognitive test, based on animal tendency to avoid the brightly lit area in the dark compartment with increasing “difficulty” of reaching this compartment, was measured as mean escape latencies of the respective group. The latencies of mice from selected strain were significantly shorter than those of control animals. This fact is interpreted as the sign that the selection for one cognitive trait (yet still not efficient) resulted in positive changes in the ability to solve another cognitive task. The relationship of cognitive task solutions success and anxiety behavior scores in F9 is discussed.

关键词： Animal Cognition Genetic Selection Extrapolation Capacity Puzzle Box Anxiety laboratory Mice

Proposed Procedure to Design an Optimum Ventilation System for Chemical laboratory

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2017年第3期7卷 325-332页

作者： Gara Idrees Abdoon Nagwa Fadl Bashir Post Graduate Student Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering ALNeelain University Khartoum Sudan Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering ALNeelain University Khartoum Sudan

The safe environmental condition of biological and chemical laboratories at universities in Sudan is a real and tangible problem that needs to be properly addressed due to the increased number of universities which grew up to 25 State-Level Universities. This could sum up to 200 students per academic year. One of the significant problems is the proper ventilation inside the laboratories. This paper aims to provide a proposal for design of an optimum ventilation system for: 1) Good and safe environment;2) Comfortable workplace for laboratories occupants;3) Ensure the health of the surrounding environment while minimizing the energy consumption. Five chemicals are selected for this study as the most consumed and the most hazardous (permissible exposure limits) inside the laboratories of the department of chemistry faculty of science, Al-Neelain university;formaldehyde, nitric acid, acetic acid, xylene and ethanol. Concentration level of materials in laboratory is calculated in correlation with air exchange rate, vapor pressure and area of laboratory. Results concluded to that up 15 ACH the concentration of formaldehyde and nitric acid is still high. Recommendations are given with the limitation of using the suggested mathematical model, regarding laboratory conditions, severity of the material hazardousness, number of people.

关键词： laboratory Ventilation Vapor Contamination Air Changes Per Hour PEL.ACH

Understanding laboratory Methods and Their Impact on Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

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Advances in Microbiology 2014年第1期4卷 33-38页

作者： Peter Nyasulu Mabula Kasubi Respicious Boniface Jill Murray Department of Microbiology Central Pathology Laboratory Muhimbili National Hospital Dar es Salaam Tanzania Department of Public Health School of Health Sciences Monash University Ruimsig South Africa School of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute Muhimbili National Hospital Dar es Salaam Tanzania School of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa

The study sought to describe laboratory methods and blood culture procedures and their impact on antimicrobial resistance surveillance among nosocomial bacteria. We conducted a systematic audit of blood culture procedures and practices in the Department of Microbiology, Central Pathology laboratory at Muhimbili National Hospital, between 19th and 23rd March 2012. A total of 25 -30 blood culture specimens were received each day as an indication of low volumes of blood culturing at this site. More blood culture requests came from the neonatal unit of the hospital, and were performed manually with high culture negative specimens. The laboratory performed antibiotic susceptibility testing as per the CLSI guidelines. No vancomycin resistance was ever reported at this site. All blood culture results were entered into the JEEVA laboratory information system, where results could be accessed by clinicians in the wards and data could be retrieved to assess patterns of antimicrobial resistance. Blood culture data entry system lacked quality control checks hence numerous errors and missing data were observed. Our results support the relevance of having improved laboratory procedures and good quality blood culture since surveillance of antimicrobial resistance primarily depends on good laboratory procedures, good quality and reliable blood culture data. This would essentially minimise imprecise estimates of rates of antimicrobial resistance at this hospital.

关键词： Antimicrobial Resistance Microbiology Surveillance laboratory Tanzania

NAA Algerian laboratory Evaluation Processed by WEPAL and IAEA during 2011-2012

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2013年第4期3卷 184-192页

作者： Lylia Hamidatou Hocine Slamene Tarik Akhal Samir Begaa Mohammed Messaoudi Zouranen Boussaad Neutron Activation Analysis Department Nuclear Research Centre of Birine Djelfa Algeria.

Participation in inter-comparison programs is an important process to enhance the accuracy and precision of the analytical techniques used in the laboratories. At Es-Salam Research Reactor, our laboratory uses two functional analytical techniques such as INAA and k0-INAA in the research projects and for the completion of the service works. Recently, our laboratory has participated in two inter-comparison tests organized by IAEA within the framework of the AFRA project to assess the analytical performance of eighteen (18) African analytical laboratories participating in the RAF/4/ 022 project, Enhancement of Research Reactor Utilization and Safety by taking part in analytical proficiency testing IAEA in conjunction with WEPAL, the Wageningen Evaluating Programs for Analytical Laboratories. The Proficiency Testing tests related to the determination of major, minor and trace elements in materials of the International Soil and Plant Analytical Exchange (Wepal codes ISE, IPE), were held in the fourth quarter of 2011 and the first quarter of 2012, respectively. Concentrations of thirty (30) elements such as Al, As, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Ga, K, La, Mg, Mo, Mn, Na, Nd, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, W, Zn, Zr were determined in ISE and IPE samples. All results were evaluated and reported in this paper.

关键词： laboratory Evaluation NAA Method Performance Accreditation Proficiency Testing

Analysis of Employee’s Longevity and Academic Development in Forensic Science laboratory

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Engineering（科研） 2019年第4期11卷 206-230页

作者： Gloria Cuthbert Omari Samwel Victor Manyele George Mwaluko Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering College of Engineering and Technology University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania Government Chemist laboratory Authority Dar es Salaam Tanzania

This paper presents the detailed analysis of academic development index and longevity among forensic science laboratory (FSL) employees as the key factors for improving organizational performance based on human capital development. The data were collected from human resource database involving 171 (88%) employees out of 195. New mathematical formulations were developed for academic development index Ad, a measure of the time delay in academic development while working within FSL, simple longevity (Ls) and complex longevity (Lc), based on years served and academic certificates attained. The values of Ad, Ls and Lc were compared for different units and departments including zonal laboratories between Y2014 and Y2016. Both total and average values of Ls, Lc?and Ad indicated an imbalance in the distribution of staff in different laboratories, necessitating re-allocation to improve performance. The employment trend analysis shows that the work force has been diversified from Y2004 to Y2016 leading to improved management of finance, procurement and human resource in the FSL. As a result of a training program, the percent of staff with MSc has been increasing from about 3.5% in Y2004 to 9% in Y2015. The average values of longevity and academic development index were observed to be the better parameters for comparing laboratories or units than the total values. Results show a balanced staff distribution based on Lc and Ad is inevitable for improved performance. It was concluded that the new indices (Ad and Lc) are important tools for describing the development of the workforce and competitiveness of the FSL.

关键词： Forensic Science laboratory Academic Development Index Simple Longevity Complex Longevity

Development of a Transmission and Distribution Grid Panoramic Simulation laboratory

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2015年第2期1卷 101-108页

作者： Feng Gao Shuang Zhang Ran Ding Xutao Li Ningxia Electric Power Research Institute Yinchuan 750002Ningxia Hui Autonomous RegionChina

Power system simulation is an important tool that guarantees safe and stable operation of multiple HVDC weak sending power grids of a large energy *** this paper a transmission and distribution grid panoramic simulation laboratory is developed based on power system simulation demand,while applying advanced simulation technology for distributed and open *** a specialized power wide area network,resource-sharing advantages are realized among departments of business *** engineering application in this work demonstrates that a resource-sharing laboratory for collaborative operations is able to satisfy the requirements of multiple directions,scenes,and angles of the transmission and distribution power grid.

关键词： Distributed type laboratory open type panoramic simulation power system

Analysis of Stress Backlogs during Case-File Processing in Forensic Science laboratory

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Engineering（科研） 2017年第12期9卷 1060-1096页

作者： Gloria Cuthbert Omari Samwel Victor Manyele George Mwaluko Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania Government Chemist laboratory Authority Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Case-file backlogs were identified as one of the cause factors affecting the competitiveness of the forensic science laboratory (FSL). Backlogs represent case-files?that remain unprocessed or unreported within a selected time interval (year, week or month) which leads to increased customer complaints, rework, cost of analysis, degradation of biological samples, etc. Case-file backlogging was quantified in three consecutive years (2014 to 2016), using the following parameters: case-files received and case-files processed, difference of which gives case-files backlogged. There was a need to define time interval for a case-file to be regarded as backlogged (that is, one week), results of which can translate into backlogged case-files per month or year. A data collection tool was established and used for three work stations (forensic chemistry, biology/DNA and toxicology laboratories). The tool includes starting and ending date for each?time interval, in which the numbers of case-files received and processed were entered followed by computing the backlogs. It was observed that, case-files reported?increased between 2014 and 2016 leading to a decrease in backlogged case-files.?The annual percentage of the case-files backlogged was highest for forensic?toxicology. The highest number of case-files backlogged was observed for forensic?chemistry, followed by forensic biology/DNA. The number of case-files?backlogged per analyst per year was highest in 2014 and dropped continuously?towards 2016, being comparably higher in forensic biology/DNA and chemistry.?Probability density functions (PDFs) and cumulative distribution functions (CDFs)?of backlogs data indicated that a large number of backlogs created in previous?weeks were eliminated. It was concluded that the effect of case-file backlogging on FSL competitiveness can be minimized by continued management effort in backlog elimination.

关键词： Forensic Science laboratory Case-File Processing Backlogs Forensic Chemistry Forensic Toxicology Forensic Biology/DNA Case-File Influx

Integrating Electronic Systems for Requesting Clinical laboratory Test into Digital Clinical Records: Design and Implementation

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Health 2017年第4期9卷 622-639页

作者： Félix Gascón Luna Isidoro Herrera Contreras Antonio Cruz Guerrero Francisco Bermudo Guitarte Department of Clinical laboratory “Valle de los Pedroches” Hospital Córdoba Spain Department of Clinical laboratory Hospital Complex Jaén Spain

Clinical laboratory tests are basic elements that support healthcare tasks such as disease detection, diagnosis and monitoring of response to treatments. Current laboratory information systems focus on the patient database, tests and results, with multiple modules available, connecting with the various analytical systems or work areas. However laboratory information systems functioned as “islands of information”, because their design was fundamentally inward-looking and disconnected from other healthcare computer applications. Actually, the Electronic Health Register (EHR) is considered by clinicians as a tool with great potential healthcare benefits. The EHR, in the sense of a unique and complete record of a patient’s healthcare and state of health, regardless of the healthcare level used, is a real attempt to eliminate these “islands of information” and need modules to act as “bridges” with the laboratory information systems. This type of module, which in generic terms may be referred to as a laboratory test request module, has become an essential feature of the EHR. These modules need to use a laboratory coding system as a common language for exchanging information, ensuring that tests and results are unequivocally identified. The development of the laboratory test request module requires the commitment of professionals and political authorities, being necessary time for their design and an adequate pilot phase. The laboratory professionals have to assume a leadership role in the whole process of design, development and implementation of these modules, integrating in the equipment of information technologies of healthcare providers. In our manuscript we review the elements that may prove electronic systems for requesting clinical laboratory test into digital clinical records and the key elements to move from theory to practice.

关键词： Electronic Health Records laboratory Information Systems Test Request Module Medical Order Entry Systems Systems Integration laboratory Test Codes Systematic Nomenclature