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Relationship between multi-scale climate factors and performance of ecological engineering on the loess plateau, China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第3期33卷 789-800页

作者： Panxing He Jun Ma Zhiming Han Mingjie Shi Dongxiang Xu Zongjiu Sun Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringNational Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze EstuarySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200438People’s Republic of China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Western Arid Region Grassland Resources and Ecology College of Grassland and Environment SciencesXinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi830052People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Hydraulic Engineering in Arid Areas Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an710077People’s Republic of China School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of QueenslandSt Lucia4072Australia

The long-term “Grain-to-Green Program” (GGP) on China’s loess plateau is a major global ecological engineering project which has significantly boosted vegetation renewal. Some studies have found that the rate of restoration is quite rapid during the implementation of ecological engineering, however, the influence of multi-scale climatic conditions on the performance of ecological engineering is unclear. In this study, multiple sources of remote sensing data were used to estimate the dynamics of vegetation structural and functional indicators, water-related local climatic factors, and atmospheric circulation factors. These datasets were also used to detect possible causes for vegetation restoration on the loess plateau over the past 20 years. The results show that widespread increases in rates of normalized difference vegetation indexes (NDVI), leaf area indexes (LAI), gross primary production (GPP), and aboveground biomass carbon (ABC) during 2000–2016 were significantly higher than before 2000. GPP was significantly correlated with rainfall and surface runoff on a monthly scale, and there were significant positive correlations between GPP and atmospheric circulation. Our results demonstrate that both vegetation structural and functional indicators rapidly increase, and ecological engineering greatly accelerated vegetation restoration after 2000. Local climatic conditions and atmospheric circulation patterns enhance vegetation growth and impact of ecological engineering.

关键词： Vegetation restoration Ecological engineering Water-related climatic factors Atmospheric circulation and sunspot loess plateau

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Dynamic Modeling Framework of Sediment Trapped by Check-Dam Networks:A Case Study of a Typical Watershed on the Chinese loess plateau

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Engineering 2023年第8期27卷 209-221页

作者： Pengcheng Sun Yiping Wu Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering the Ministry of Natural ResourcesShaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co.Ltd.Xi’an 710075China Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation on the loess plateau of Ministry of Water Resources Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic ResearchZhengzhou 450003China Technology Innovation Center for Land Engineering and Human Settlement Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co.Ltd.&Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710115China

Check-dam construction is an effective and widely used method for sediment trapping in the Yellow River Basin and other places over the world that are prone to severe soil *** estimations of the dynamic sediment trapped by check dams are necessary for evaluating the effects of check dams and planning the construction of new *** this study,we propose a new framework,named soil and water assessment tool(SWAT)–dynamic check dam(DCDam),for modeling the sediment trapped by check dams dynamically,by integrating the widely utilized SWAT model and a newly developed module called *** then applied this framework to a typical loess watershed,the Yan River Basin,to assess the time-varying effects of check-dam networks over the past 60 years(1957–2016).The DCDam module generated a specific check-dam network to conceptualize the complex connections at each time step(monthly).In addition,the streamflow and sediment load simulated by using the SWAT model were employed to force the sediment routing in the check-dam *** evaluation results revealed that the SWAT-DCDam framework performed satisfactorily,with an overestimation of 11.50%,in simulating sediment trapped by check dams,when compared with a field survey of the accumulated sediment *** the Yan River Basin,our results indicated that the designed structural parameters of check dams have evolved over the past 60 years,with higher dams(37.14%and 9.22%increase for large dams and medium dams,respectively)but smaller controlled areas(46.03%and 10.56%decrease for large dams and medium dams,respectively)in recent *** retained by check dams contributed to approximately 15.00%of the total sediment load reduction in the Yan River during 1970–***,our developed framework can be a promising tool for evaluating check-dam effects,and this study can provide valuable information and support to decision-making for soil and water conservation and check-dam planning and management.

关键词： Check dams Dynamic check dam(DCDam) loess plateau Sediment trapping SWAT

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REE　Contents　in　Topsoil　on　the　loess　plateau　and　Effects　of　REE　Applying　on　Crops

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Journal of Rare Earths 1995年第3期13卷 221-224页

作者：刘普灵田均良李雅奇琚彤军 Northwestern Inst of Soil and Water Conservation Academia Sinica Yangling China

Eight rare earth elements(REE) in 104 topsoil samples collected from the loess plateau has been determined by using of INAA. The regional distribution of REE contents and its effectiveness of REE applying on crops in this area are discussed. The preliminary results showed that the mean concentration of most REE in this area approaches to those of China as a whole; and REE content in main type of soil of the loess plateau is as follows: gray cinnamon forest soil, Lou soil(stratified old manured loessal soil)> Heilu soil(dark loessal soil) . loessal soil>sierozem, and similar with the distribution pattern of soil clay contents in the soil which decrease gradually from southeast to northwest. This area may be suitable to apply REE in agriculture production.

关键词： Rare earth elements Contents Application in agriculture loess plateau

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Leaf C:N:P stoichiometric homeostasis of a Robinia pseudoacacia plantation on the loess plateau

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第4期34卷 929-937页

作者： Zhuoxia Su Bingqian Su Shenglin Mao Zhouping Shangguan State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the loess plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiPeople’s Republic of China

Homeostasis is the adaptability of a species to a changing ***,the ecological stoichiometric homeostasis of Robinia pseudoacacia *** diff erent climatic regions is poorly understood but could provide insights into its adaptability in the loess hilly *** study sampled 20 year-old *** plantations at 10 sites along a north–south transect on the loess *** in the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of leaf and soil carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus were analysed and homeostatic characteristics of leaf ecological stoichiometric parameters in diff erent climates were identifi *** aff ecting leaf stoichiometry were *** results show that *** leaves were rich in nitrogen and defi cient in phosphorous during tree growth and *** and phosphorous levels in the soils of the loess region were lower than the average in soils in the rest of *** ecological stoichiometric parameters of *** leaves in two diff erent climates were considered“strictly homeostasis”.Precipitation,available phosphorus,and soil C:P were the main factors aff ecting the variation of C:N:P stoichiometry of *** *** in the loess hilly region has strong ecologically homeostatic characteristics and suggests that it is well-adapted to the area.

关键词： loess plateau Robinia pseudoacacia Ecological stoichiometry Homeostasis

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Chinese Geographical Science 2014年第4期24卷 414-422页

作者： LI Taijun LIU Guobin College of Forestry Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University Institute of Water and Soil Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources

The effects of reforestation on carbon （C） sequestration in China＇s loess plateau ecosystem have attracted much research attention in recent years. Black locust trees （Robinia pseudoacacia L.） are valued for their important use in reforestation and water and soil conservation efforts. This forest type is widespread across the loess plateau, and must he an essential component of any planning for C sequestration efforts in this fragile ecological region. The long-term effects of stand age on C accumulation and allocation after reforestation remains uncertain. We examined an age-sequence of black locust forest （5, 9, 20, 30, 38, and 56 yr since planting） on the loess plateau to evaluate C accumulation and allocation in plants （trees, shrubs, herbages, and leaf litter） and soil （0-100 cm）. Allometric equations were developed for estimating the biomass of tree components （leaf, branch, stem without bark, bark and root） with a de- structive sampling method. Our results demonstrated that black locust forest ecosystem accumulated C constantly, from 31.42 Mg C/ha （1 Mg = 106 g） at 5 yr to 79.44 Mg C/haat 38 yr. At the ＇old forest＇ stage （38 to 56 yr）, the amount of C in plant biomass significantly decreased （from 45.32 to 34.52 Mg C/ha） due to the high mortality of trees. However, old forest was able to accumulate C continuously in soil （from 33.66 to 41.00 Mg C/ha）. The C in shrub biomass increased with stand age, while the C stock in the herbage layer and leaf litter was age-independent. Reforestation resulted in C re-allocation in the forest soil. The topsoil （0-20 cm） C stock increased constantly with stand age. However, C storage in sub-top soil, in the 20-30, 30-50, 50-100, and 20-100 cm layers, was age-independent. These results suggest that succession, as a temporal factor, plays a key role in C accumulation and re-allocation in black locust forests and also in regional C dynamics in vegetation.

关键词： carbon accumulation carbon allocation soil organic carbon (SOC) reforestation allometric equations black locust forest age-sequence loess plateau China

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Decoupling effects of driving factors on sediment yield in the Chinese loess plateau

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第1期11卷 60-74页

作者： Xiaojing Tian Guangju Zhao Xingmin Mu Pengfei Zhang Peng Gao Wenyi Sun Xiaoyan Lu Peng Tian State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the loess plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F University26 Xinong RoadYangling712100Shaanxi ProvinceChina Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources26 Xinong RoadYangling712100Shaanxi ProvinceChina Yangtze Ecology and Environment Co Ltd.Wuhan430000Hubei ProvinceChina Erdos Hydrological Survey Bureau of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Erdos017010Inner MongoliaChina College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University3 Taicheng RoadYangling712100Shaanxi ProvinceChina

Investigations of runoff and sediment yield changes and their relationships with potential driving factors provide good insights for understanding the mechanisms of hydrological *** study attempted to present a comprehensive investigation on the spatiotemporal variations of sediment yield in the loess plateau using continuous observed data at 46 hydrological stations during 1961-2016,and its responses to changes of precipitation,land use/cover and vegetation cover were analyzed by using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model(PLS-SEM).The results indicated that sediment yield reduced pro-nouncedly during 1961-2016 in the loess plateau,and 77.9%of this variation was explained by the combined effects of precipitation,land-use change,vegetation dynamics and runoff *** effects of precipitation,land-use change,and vegetation cover on sediment yield were 0.242,-0.528 and-0.630(Ploess *** findings are expected to provide scientific and technical support for future soil and water conservation planning in the loess plateau,and are valuable for sus-tainable water resources and sediment load management in the Yellow River Basin.

关键词： Sediment yield Driving factors Correlation analysis PLS-SEM loess plateau

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Factors Affecting Distribution of Vegetation Types on Abandoned Cropland in the Hilly-Gullied loess plateau Region of China

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Pedosphere 2008年第1期18卷 24-33页

作者： JIAO Ju-Ying J. TZANOPOULOS P. XOFIS J. MITCHLEY Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest Sci-Technology University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling Shaanxi 712100 (China) Centre for Agro-Environmental Research Department of Agriculture The University of Reading Barley Gate PO Box237 Reading RG6 6.4 R (UK) Imperial College London Department of Agricultural Sciences Wye Campus Wye Ashford Kent TN25 5AH (UK) nstitute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources Yangling Shaanxi 712100 (China)

A study was conducted in the forest-steppe region of the loess plateau to provide insight into the factors affecting the process of vegetation establishment,and to provide recommendations for the selection of indigenous species in order to speed up the succession process and to allow the establishment of vegetation more resistant to soil *** distinctive vegetation types were identified,and their distribution was affected not only by the time since abandonment but also by other environmental factors,mainly soil water and total P in the upper soil *** of the vegetation types,dominated by Artemisia scoparia,formed the early successional stage after abandonment while the other three types formed later successional stages with their distribution determined by the soil water content and total *** can be concluded that the selection of appropriate species for introduction to accelerate succession should be determined by the local conditions and especially the total P concentration and soil water content.

关键词： abandoned cropland loess plateau soil erosion vegetation variation

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Effects of nitrogen addition on the soil detachment in the typical grasslands of the loess plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第12期19卷 3503-3516页

作者： LI Pan-pan WANG Bing YANG Yan-fen LIU Guo-bin State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the loess plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the loess plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China

Nitrogen deposition will alleviate the nitrogen limitation in terrestrial ecosystems and greatly affect vegetation growth,thereby soil *** is important to clarify the effects of nitrogen addition to the plant roots and soil properties on the soil erosion process.A nitrogen addition experiment was conducted in the grassland dominated by Bothriochloa ischaemum(Linn.)Keng(BI),which has received 0,2.5,5,and 10 g N m^(-2) yr^(-1)(N_(0),N_(2.5),N_(5)and N_(10),respectively)for three consecutive ***,a total of 150 undisturbed soil samples were collected(including bare soil control)and subjected to flowing water to test their soil detachment capacities under six shear stress levels(10.2 Pa to 29.9 Pa).Three-year nitrogen addition increased the soil bulk density,soil cohesion and nitrate nitrogen while decreasing the saturated hydraulic conductivity,soil water-stable aggregates,soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and ammonium *** root mass density and root diameter decreased with nitrogen *** the root length,surface area and volume density of the N_(0) and N_(5) treatments were larger than those of the other treatments,while the plant roots were significantly inhibited by N_(10).Additionally,the soil detachment capacity(D_(c))and rill erodibility(K_(r))of the N_(0) and N_(5) treatments were significantly less than those of the N_(2.5) and N_(10)treatments,of which the Dc(0.020 kg m^(-2) s^(-1))of the N_(0) treatment was 69.0%,24.3%and 66.8%less than that of the N_(2.5),N_(5) and N_(10) treatments,*** Kr of the N_(0) treatment was 0.0012 s m^(-1),which was 72.1%,25.0%and 70.0%less than that of the *** study implies that an increase in nitrogen addition likely exacerbates soil erosion in the early(approximately 2.5 g N m^(-2) yr^(-1))and late phases(more than 10 g N m^(-2) yr^(-1)).However,when the nitrogen addition rate is approximately 5 g m^(-2) yr^(-1),soil erosion may be inhibited because of the responses of the plant ro

关键词： Nitrogen deposition Root traits Soil properties Soil detachment Grassland loess plateau

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Difference in Organic Carbon Contents and Distributions in Particle-size Fractions between Soil and Sediment on the Southern loess plateau, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第3期11卷 717-726页

作者： LI Guang-lu PANG Xiao-ming College of Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University Tianshui Soil and Water Conservation Experiment Station of YRCC

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of long-term cultivation and water erosion on the soil organic carbon （OC） in particle-size fractions. The study site is located at Nihegou Watershed in the Southern loess plateau, China. The soil at this site is loess with loose and silty structure, and contains macropores. The results showed that the OC concentrations in sediments and in the particle-size fractions of sediments were higher than those in soils and in the particle-size fractions of soils. The OC concentration was highest in the clay particles and was lowest in the sand particles. Clay particles possessed higher OC enrichment ability than silt and sand particles. The proportions of OC in the silt fractions of soil and sediment were the highest （mean value of 53.87% and 58.48%, respectively）, and the total proportion of OC in the clay and silt fractions accounted for 96% and 98% of the total OC in the soil and sediment, respectively. The loss of OC was highest in silt particles, with an average value of 0.16 Mg ha^-1 y^-1, and was lowest in the sand （0.003 Mg ha^-1 y^-l）. This result suggests that the fine particle-size fraction in the removed sediment may be an important indicator to assess soil OC losses.

关键词： Soil organic carbon loess plateau Enrichment ratio Water erosion Particle fraction

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Assessing Adaptability of Planted Trees Using Leaf Traits: A Case Study with Robinia pseudoacacia L. in the loess plateau, China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2011年第3期21卷 290-303页

作者： JIN Tiantian LIU Guohua FU Bojie DING Xiaohui YANG Lei State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Leaf trait patterns and their variations with climate are interpreted as an adaptive adjustment to *** study assessed the adaptability of planted black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) based on the analysis of leaf traits and the comparison of its leaf traits with inter-specific ones existing in the same *** measured some water and N use related leaf traits: leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA) and N,P and K concentrations based on both leaf area (Narea,Parea and Karea) and leaf mass (Nmass,Pmass and Kmass) of *** at 31 sites along a water stress gradient in North Shaanxi Province,*** results show that leaves of *** have high Nmass and low LMA in the study *** Nmass and low LMA are usually representative of luxurious resource use,and will advance plant resource competitiveness in high-resource *** a whole,LMA-nutrient relationships of *** display patterns that are fairly similar to the inter-specific relationships in both direction and *** tendency for LMA and Narea to increase with decreasing water availability and the positive correlation between LMA and Narea reflect the trend for *** to enhance water use efficiency (WUE) at the expense of down-regulated photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) and high construction cost in dry ***,the positive relationship between LMA and Narea in high mean annual precipitation (MAP) area is either unremarkable or reversed with decreasing water *** implies a lower photosynthetic capacity and a higher construction cost for high-LMA *** inter-specific relationship between LMA and Narea is positive and does not change with water *** difference between inter-species and intra-species may be due to more diversified anatomies and more specialised structures for inter-species than *** failure of *** adaption to dry conditions reflected by LMA-Narea relationship may be partial

关键词： water stress planted tree leaf trait Robinia pseudoacacia L. tradeoff loess plateau

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