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Biostratigraphy of Albian Sediments(kazhdumi formation)in Zagros Area(Southwest of Iran)

Journal of Earth Science 2022年第2期33卷 435-451页

作者： Mojtaba Keshavarzi Massih Afghah Abdolmajid Asadi Mahnaz Parvaneh Nejad Shirazi Department of Geology College Fars Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityFarsIran Department of Geology Shiraz BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShiraz 71987-74731Iran Department of Geology Shiraz BranchPayame Noor UniversityShirazIran

To investigate biostratigraphy of Albian sediments(kazhdumi formation)in the Zagros Basin,280 samples in four sections were prepared which are nominated as Murshan-e-Bala,Fahliyane-Pain,Kupon and *** distribution of identified foraminifers confirms well developed orbitolinids which are associated with other Albian benthic foraminifers in all studied *** orbitolinids are recognized in surrounding strata[Dariyan(at the base which is marked by an oxidized zone)and Sarvak formations(on the top,as gradtional contact)]as well as the kazhdumi *** biostratigraphic data show that Early Albian is marked by the presence of Hemicyclammina sigali,which co-occurs with Mesorbitolina texana and Mesorbitolina subconcava,whereas Conicorbitolina conica and Meorbitolina parva support Late Albian age of the studied *** algae are associated with both benthic faunal *** planktons occur in the studied sections which are identified as Favusella washitensis and Calcisphaerula inomminata *** stratigraphic position of planktons actually indicates vertical displacement in the sedimentary basin during Albian *** associated Albian pelagic foraminifera are identified which are obviously recognized in three sections of the kazhdumi *** presence of pelagic species in the study section of the kazhdumi formation indicates basement faulting during the Albian period.

关键词： kazhdumi formation biostratigraphy albian foraminifera calcareous algae

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Microbiostratigraphy of kazhdumi formation in the Northwestern Shiraz (Southwest Iran) on the Basis of Foraminifera and Calcareous Algae

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第4期85卷 777-783页

作者： Mahnaz Parvaneh-Nejad SHIRAZI Mohammad BAHRAMI Bahman REZAEE Shahin GHARAMANI Payam-e-Noor University Geology DepartmentShirazIran Shahid Bahounar Kerman University

The middle Cretaceous kazhdumi formation,with a thickness of 222 m,belongs to the Bangestan Group and occurs in the Zagros folded zone in southwest *** lower boundary with the Dariyan formation is disconformable,which is recognized by iron oxides and *** recognized microfossils are Valvulammina sp.,Scandonea sp.,Daxia cenomana,Choffatela sp., Pseudolituonella reicheli and calcareous algae-Lithocodium aggregation（which belongs to the Sarvak formation）,representing the beginning of *** microfossils are：Ammobaculites goodlandensis,Marsonella trochus,Hemicyclammina sigali,Praechrysalidina infracretacea,Orbitolina ***,Orbitolina（conicorbitolina）conica,Orbitolina subconcava,Salpingoporella sp.,Trinocladus tripolitanus,Trinocladus sp.,Permocalculus irenae and Dissocladella *** microfossils can be classified into five assemblage zones.

关键词： kazhdumi formation Middle Cretaceous calcareous algae Zagros Basin

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Provenance and Tectonic Setting of Late Lower Cretaceous (Albian) kazhdumi formation Sandstones (SW Iran)

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Open Journal of Geology 2016年第8期6卷 721-739页

作者： Bijan Noori Nader Kohansal Ghadimvand Bahram Movahed Mohammadreza Yousefpour North Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Iranian Offshore Oil Company Tehran Iran

Provenance and tectonic setting of the Late Lower Cretaceous (Albian) sandstones in SW Iran have been interpreted on the basis of geochemistry (major and trace elements) of 35 samples from Iranian offshore oil fields (Soroosh, Nowrooz, Foroozan and Hendijan). Geochemically, trace-element concentrations, such as La, Th, Sc and Zr, and ratios, such as La/Sc, Th/Sc, La/Co, and Th/Co, of sandstones from kazhdumi formation at four localities indicate that they were derived from felsic source rocks and deposited in a passive continental margin. Most major and trace element contents of kazhdumi sandstones are generally similar to upper continental crust (UCC) values. However, some samples are depleted in major and trace elements (such as K2O, Na2O, Sr and Ba) relative to UCC, which is mainly due to absence or smaller amount of Na-rich plagioclase and K-feldspar and also paucity of clay minerals, which is possibly due to intense weathering and recycling. Enrichments in Zr, negative Sr anomalies and Th/U ratios higher than 4 for kazhdumi sandstones are further evidence for recycled sources. The study of paleoweathering conditions based on chemical index of weathering (CIW) indicates a moderate to intense weathering of first cycle sediments, or it may alternatively reflect recycling under semi-arid to semi-humid climate conditions in kazhdumi sandstones. The results of this study suggest that the main source for the kazhdumi sandstones is likely located in uplifted shoulders of a rifted basin (Neo-Tethys) in its post-rift stage (Arabian basement).

关键词： Provenance Geochemistry Tectonic Setting Albian kazhdumi formation Burgan SW Iran

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Sedimentology and depositional environment of the kazhdumi formation Sandstones in the northwestern area of the Persian Gulf

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Open Journal of Geology 2016年第11期6卷 1401-1422页

作者： Bijan Noori Nader Kohansal Ghadimvand Bahram Movahed Mohammadreza Yousefpour North Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Iranian Offshore Oil Company Tehran Iran

kazhdumi is one of the Bangestan Group formations aging late early Cretaceous (Albian). Three subsurface sections of the sandstone bearing part of kazhdumi in the studied area located at northwest of the Persian Gulf are assessed for determining sedimentary facies and depositional environment. Based on the recognized facies, the sandstone bearing zones of kazhdumi and their relevant paleoenvironments can be addressed as: first one is the B sandstone zone containing thick sandstone layers alternating with shale and siltstone thin layers which are deposited by river influenced conditions because of the characteristics like: cross bedding, oxidized constituents and palesol. The second one, the A sandstone zone which is deposited under a key limestone layer, is composed of sand/sandstone layers with marine features and presents the interaction of marine-river condition in deltaic channels. This zone, is a transition interval showing the changes of river-dominated condition to marine one. The third one is the A sandstone zone deposited above the key limestone layer containing fine grained laminated siliciclastic and chemical sediments. Alternation of distal channel facies and green marine shale of delta containing glauconite, pyrite and organic matter residuals, all confirm the reduction condition in estuarine environment. Applying facies analyses results, isopach maps, porosity distribution maps and sandstone grain size study, the paleocurrent pattern is determined from the southwest to northeast.

关键词： kazhdumi formation Sedimentary Facies Paleoenvironment Paleocurrent Persian Gulf

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Analysis of Drilling Troubles in kazhdumi formation of Yadavaran Oilfield, Iran

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China Oil & Gas 2015年第2期22卷 21-25页

作者： Bo Min Xu Enxin Jin Ruihuan Peng Nian Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering

Drilling crews of Sinopec have encountered a series of troubles when drilling a formation called kazhdumi of Yadavaran oilfield, Iran in the last few years. The formation is buried in the depth from 3300m to 3500m, mainly including limestone, muddy limestone and some bituminous shale. Many microfissures exist in the formation and the equivalent density of formation pore pressure ranged from 1.19g/cm3 to 1.59g/cm3. Asphalt or heavy oil kicks occurred in drilling three wells in one and a half years, which contaminated the drilling fluid and made well killing difficult due to the kicks and lost circulation in open hole. Gas and hydrogen sulfide （the concentration is up to 40000ppm） were present in the wells, and finally two wells were completely abandoned and one partially losL which frustrated the drilling engineering seriously. By analyzing the data of ＆e drilled wells, the paper summarized the causes of the troubles, and put forward suggestions and conclusions that can serve as reference and guideline for drilling well in ＆is area in the future.

关键词： lran Yadavaran kazhdumi formation drilling heavy oil hydrogen sulfide well control

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