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Differential attraction of parasitoids in relation to specificity of kairomones from herbivores and their by-products

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Insect Science 2008年第5期15卷 381-397页

作者： Sumera Afsheen Xia Wang Ran Li Chuan-Shu Zhu Yong-Gen Lou Institute of Insect Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

Infochemicals are used by foraging parasitoids in the host selection process from habitat preference until host recognition. kairomones from the herbivore host plays a vital role in the attraction of parasitoids, particularly in the micro-habitat. Parasitoids are specifically attracted to their respective herbivore species even when different herbivores are present on the same plant. Chemicals emitted from different stages of host （eggs, larvae, pupae, adult）, host by-products （e.g., frass, exuviae, mandibular gland secretions, defense secretions etc.）, or intra-specific infochemicals （pheromones） can be main signals for the parasitoids. Parasitoids can differentiate between host and non-host, between different hosts and host stages by perceiving specific volatile and contact kairomones from the host itself, host along with its by-product, by-products alone or intra-specific infochemicals; of which frass （by-product） and intra-specific infochemicals are the most reported ones. Adult and larval parasitoids have been reported to be attracted to kairomones of their target stage or byproduct of their host. Pupal parasitoids have been found to utilize kairomones from the preceding host stage while egg parasitoids are known to exploit a variety of host infochemicals, for example, either from eggs themselves or other non-target host stages, especially adults and adult-related by-products. The kairomonal chemicals identified so far include various groups, but mainly hydrocarbons. A high degree of host specificity and host acceptance is important for the parasitoids as any mistake may result in the loss of fitness.

关键词： attraction herbivore host kairomone parasitoid specificity

Honeydew volatile emission acts as a kairomonal message for the Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis （Coleoptera： Coccinellidae）

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Insect Science 2012年第4期19卷 498-506页

作者： Pascal D. Leroy Stephanie Heuskin Ahmed Sabri Fran( ois J. Verheggen Julien Farmakidis Georges Lognay Philippe Thonart Jean-Paul Wathelet Yves Brostaux Eric Haubruge Departments of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology Departments of Analytical Chemistry University of Liege Gembloux Agro-BioTech Walloon Center of Industrial Biology University of Liege B40 4000 Sart-Tilman Departments of General and Organic Chemistry Departments of Appfied Statistics Computer Science and Mathematics University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Gembloux Belgium

The Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis Pallas is considered as an invasive species in most territories where it has been introduced. Because aphid honeydew acts as an attraetant for many aphid predators and parasitoids, the objectives of this work were to collect and identify the volatile compounds released from the aphid excretory product to evaluate how these semiochemicals could affect the H. axyridis foraging behavior. Twelve volatile chemicals were identified from the Megoura viciae Buckton honeydew including four alcohols, three ketones, three aldehydes, a pyrazine and a monoterpene. The volatiles 3-methyl-l-butanol and 3-methyl-butanal were highlighted as the two most abundant semiochemicals released from the M. viciae honeydew. Vieia faba L. plants treated with crude honeydew attracted more than 80% of the tested individuals with 40% of attracted beetles located on the plant. Four volatile compounds （3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 3-methyl-butanal, 3-methyl-1-butanol and limonene） were also highlighted to attract more than 75% of the coccinellids toward the odor source and to locate about 35% of them on the plants. Limonene was the most efficient attractant since 89% of the H. axyridis responded to this odor. The use of the identified semiochemicals as well as the composition of an artificial honeydew could certainly be helpful to control the dispersal of the Asian lady beetle H. axyridis.

关键词： aphid honeydew attractant Harmonia axyridis kairomone semiochemicals

Influence of cornicle droplet secretions of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae, on parasitism behavior of na＇fve and experienced Diaeretiella rapae

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Insect Science 2014年第1期21卷 56-64页

作者： Hamid R. S. Moayerit Arash Rasekh Annie Enkegaard Department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agriculture Research Institute of Physiology and Biotechnology University of Zanjan Department of Plant Protection College of Agriculture Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Ahvaz Iran Department of Agroe- cology Science and Technology Aarhus University Research Centre Flakkebjerg 4200 Slagelse Denmark

Insects have evolved amazing methods of defense to ward off enemies. Many aphids release cornicle secretions when attacked by predators and parasitoids. These se cretions contain an alarm pheromone that alerts other colony members of danger, thereby providing indirect fitness benefits to the releaser. In addition, contact with cornicle se cretions could also threaten an attacker and could provide direct fitness to the releaser. However, cornicle secretions may also be recruited as a kairomonal cue by aphid natural enemies. In this study, we investigated the effect of the cornicle droplet volatiles of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae （L.）, on the hostsearching behavior of naive and experienced female Diaeretiella rapae （M＇Intosh） parasitoids in olfactometer studies. In addition, we evaluated the role ofB. brassicae cornicle droplets on the oviposition prefer ence of the parasitoid in a twochoice bioassay. Naive females did not exhibit any preference between volatiles from aphids secreting cornicle droplets over nonsecreting aphids, while experienced parasitoids exploited the secretions in their host location. Experienced females were also able to choose volatiles from both secreting and nonsecreting aphids over clean air, while this ability was not observed in naive females. Although secretion of cornicle droplets did not influence the percentage of first attack in either naive or experienced females, the success of attack （i.e. resulting in a larva） was significantly different between secreting and nonsecreting aphids in the case of experienced parasitoids.

关键词： alarm pheromone kairomone learning oviposition preference physiologi-cal cost Y-tube olfactometer

The fecal shield is a double-edged sword for larvae of a leaf beetle

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Current Zoology 2023年第2期69卷 173-180页

作者： Zheng-Zhong Huang Ze-Qun Dong Zu-Long Liang Bin Zhang Huai-Jun Xue Si-Qin Ge Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Life Sciences The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei ProvinceHebei UniversityBaoding 071002China College of Life Science Institute of Life Science and Green DevelopmentHebei UniversityBaoding 071002China College of Life Sciences Nankai UniversityTianin 300071China

Larvae of some leaf beetles carry masses of feces covering parts or all of the body,which is called a"fecal shield'In general,the shield is thought to be a defense structure against natural ***,some studies have suggested that defense effectiveness varies depending on the natural *** this study,we used a fecal retention leaf beetle Ophrida xanthospilota(Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae),and 2 local generalist predators(an ant,Camponotus japonicus(Hymenoptera:Formicidae)and a stinkbug,Arma custos(Hemiptera:Pentatomidael)as a system to test the hypothesis that the fecal shield of *** plays different roles in predation behavior of different predators and can provide multiple chemical communication signals in predator-prey *** bioassays showed that the fecal shield of *** larvae repelled the ant *** while attracting the stinkbug *** results also strongly demonstrated that hexane extracts of the fecal shield significantly repelled ***,while dichloromethane(DCM)extracts did not inhibit ant ***,DCM extracts attracted ***,but hexane extracts did ***,we suggest that the fecal shield is a double-edged sword for the larvae of *** results also indicated that the risk-benefit tradeoff of an insect should be estimated at a community level involving multiple enemies(predators and parasites)and herbivores,rather than in a single prey-predator pair.

关键词： ant chemical cues kairomone predatory stinkbug predator-prey interactions