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HYDROCHEMICAL INDEXES OF SEAWATER INTRUSION AND COMPREHENSIVE judgement ON INTRUSIVE DEGREE

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Chinese Geographical Science 1999年第2期9卷 55-62页

作者：赵建

The paper discusses the use of five hydrochemical indexes in evaluating seawater intrusion, and ranking the intrusion degree for Cl -, M, Br -, rHCO 3/rCl and SAR. The fuzzy mathematical comprehensive judgement model has been adopted as the method of adjustment. Based on more than 300 water samples obtained from four typical profiles in the coastal region of Laizhou Gulf during the period from June 1993 to June 1995, we made a comprehensive judgement of seawater intrusion degree. The result shows that intrusion degree was becoming heavier from June 1993 to June 1994, but more steady and inactive in the high level of intrusion degree in the perennial severe intrusion zone from December 1994 to June 1995. Since entering the 1990s up to now, the process of seawater intrusion has translated from its peak developmental stage from the 1970s to the 1980s into a stage of equilibrium and slow development mainly because the intruded area expanded inland, precipitation increased at some extent recently and various measures of prevention and harness begin to show the effect.

关键词： indexes of seawater intrusion intrusion degree fuzzy mathematical comprehensive judgement

Consensus of the Characteristics of Clinical judgement Utilised by Nurses’ in Their Practice: Results of a Survey

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Open Journal of Nursing 2018年第10期8卷 746-757页

作者： Sharon Jacobs Christine Taylor Kathleen Dixon Lesley Wilkes School of Nursing and Midwifery Western Sydney University Sydney Australia

Clinical judgement is an important component of safe and effective nursing care. Clinical judgement remains a challenging cognitive process to articulate and assess. An integrative review of the literature conducted in 2016 identified 13 characteristics of clinical judgement. This paper reports the results of a 2-phase survey to obtain consensus whether these characteristics identified accurately represented nurses’ perception of clinical judgement. The 2-phase survey was administered via an online survey software tool. The survey in phase 1 sought Yes/No answers for nurse academics with recruitment via a hyperlink in an email to individuals identified from University websites, Google and published articles. In phase 2, the survey was modified to a Likert scale and recruitment occurred via online networks and was open to all nurses. The results identified that the characteristics accurately represented the nurse’s perception of clinical judgement. By articulating the characteristics, it allows clinical judgement to be easily described and can therefore be applied to both nursing research and education.

关键词： Clinical judgement Characteristics Survey Nurses

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judgement Call

大学英语 1996年第2期 12-12页

ｕｄｇｅｍｅｎｔＣａｌ１白书臣贾伟选注ＬａｓｔｙｅａｒＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓｌｅａｒｎｅｄｔｈａｔＭａｇｉｃＪｏｈｎｓｏｎｈａｄｃｏｎｔｒａｃｔｅｄ２ｔｈｅＡＩＤＳｖｉｒｕｓ３，ＮｅｗＹｏｒｋＣｉｔｙｓｃｈｏｏｌｓｗｅｒ... 详细信息

ｕｄｇｅｍｅｎｔＣａｌ１白书臣贾伟选注ＬａｓｔｙｅａｒＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓｌｅａｒｎｅｄｔｈａｔＭａｇｉｃＪｏｈｎｓｏｎｈａｄｃｏｎｔｒａｃｔｅｄ２ｔｈｅＡＩＤＳｖｉｒｕｓ３，ＮｅｗＹｏｒｋＣｉｔｙｓｃｈｏｏｌｓｗｅｒｅｈａｎｄｉｎｇｏｕｔｃｏｎｄｏｍ...

关键词： judgement

Believing processes during the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals with bipolar disorder:An exploratory study

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第7期12卷 929-943页

作者： Sophie Tietz Jolana Wagner-Skacel Hans-Ferdinand Angel Michaela Ratzenhofer Frederike T Fellendorf Eva Fleischmann Christof Körner Eva Z Reininghaus Rüdiger J Seitz Nina Dalkner Institute of Psychology University of GrazGraz 8010Austria Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine Medical University of GrazGraz 8036Austria Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy Medical University of GrazGraz 8036Austria Department of Catechetics and Religious Education University of GrazGraz 8010Austria Department of Neurology Centre of Neurology and Neuropsychiatry Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfMedical FacultyDüsseldorf D-40629Germany

BACKGROUND Believing or“credition”refers to psychological processes that integrate the cognitions and emotions that influence our *** the credition model by Angel and Seitz,four parameters are postulated:proposition,certainty,emotion and *** is assumed that believing processes are influenced by both the individual as well as socio-cultural factors and external *** or environmental circumstances can include threatening situations such as the ongoing *** has been hypothesized that believing processes related to the pandemic differ between individuals with bipolar disorder(BD)and healthy controls(HC).AIM To investigate credition in individuals with BD during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** Psychiatrically stable individuals with BD(n=52)and age-and sex matched HC(n=52)participated in an online survey during the first lockdown of the COVID-19 *** survey took place between April 9^(th) and June 4^(th),2020,in *** completed the Brief Symptom Inventory-18,the Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ,the Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale,the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and a dedicated Believing Questionnaire assessing four parameters of credition(proposition,certainty,emotion and mightiness).The MAXQDA software was used to analyze the qualitative *** analyses included analyses of variance,a multivariate analysis of variance and a multivariate analysis of *** Individuals with BD reported significantly more negative propositions[F(1,102)=8.89,P=0.004,η2 p=0.08]and negative emotions[Welch´s F(1,82.46)=18.23,P<0.001,η2 p=0.18],while HC showed significantly more positive propositions[F(1,102)=7.78,P=0.006,η2 p=0.07]and emotions[F(1,102)=14.31,P<0.001,η2 p=0.12].In addition,individuals with BD showed a higher incongruence between their propositions and their emotions[F(1,102)=9.42,P=0.003,η2 p=0.08]and showed strong correlations between the parameters of the Believing Que

关键词： COVID-19 Bipolar disorder Cognition Emotions judgement Evaluation study

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春西红柿防病丰产栽培技术

山西成人教育 1994年第7期 33-,32页

春西红柿防病丰产栽培技术西红柿春季露地栽培，也叫中晚栽培。现将西红柿防病露地丰产栽培的关键技术介绍如下：一、轮作换茬，间作套种为防止土壤病害危害西红柿，减少农药污染，保持地力，提高产置，降低成本，要严格实行三—四年轮... 详细信息

春西红柿防病丰产栽培技术西红柿春季露地栽培，也叫中晚栽培。现将西红柿防病露地丰产栽培的关键技术介绍如下：一、轮作换茬，间作套种为防止土壤病害危害西红柿，减少农药污染，保持地力，提高产置，降低成本，要严格实行三—四年轮作，不与茄科类作物连作重茬。西红柿...

关键词： Grape Economic character Comprehensive judgement

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公共经济的主体选择理论依据和标准

Practice Rationale Care Model: The Art and Science of Clinical Reasoning, Decision Making and Judgment in the Nursing Process

理论经济学 2003年第4期 53-55页

作者：曹堂哲

在“公共产品理论”形成之前，古典和新古典理论受到自然法的影响，认为公共产品的提供天然是政府，并认为政府是理性的、至善的、唯一的公共产品的提供者。“所谓市场经济，简而言之就是由民间自由交换实现‘私人物品’的有效率的生产... 详细信息

在“公共产品理论”形成之前，古典和新古典理论受到自然法的影响，认为公共产品的提供天然是政府，并认为政府是理性的、至善的、唯一的公共产品的提供者。“所谓市场经济，简而言之就是由民间自由交换实现‘私人物品’的有效率的生产，而由政府负责安排公共物品的供给这样一种特殊的制度安排”。以公共产品理论的形成为分界线，理论上，公共产品的提供由政府的单一主体走向了以政府为主的多元主体。与古典、新古典经济学政府与市场二分的逻辑相关，政府提供公共产品的理论经历了两个阶段。第一阶段从亚当·斯密开始到1954年萨缪尔森(***)发表《公共支出的纯理论》为止。这一阶段关于政府提供公共产品的理论特色在于，公共产品的天然、唯一提供者是政府，政府提供公共产品依附于公共财政，从税收和支出的角度研究公共产品的提供。在古典经济学视野里，市场作为基础性、优先性的资源配置手段，政府受到市场的限定和约束。政府职能的合理性仅仅以弥补市场失灵作为唯一的标准。关于政府本身如何生产和提供公共产品的问题，并不纳入市场分析的框架中。古典经济学只回答了政府这种不同于市场的组织形式应该做什么，却没有回答政府如何有效率地提供公共产品。以边际革命为标志的新古典经济学的基本方法在于以个人的效用和理性的选择为基础对经济现象进行分析。这一阶段主要围绕两个问题进行了探讨。一是公共产品提供的效率准则问题。公共产品的提供能不能像市场一样达到效率。公共产品提供的效率标准是什么？对此，旧福利经济学为公共产品的判断提供了福利标准。在批判和吸收旧福利经济学的基础上，新福利经济学提出了帕雷托最优(Pareto optimality)和帕雷托改进标准。二是以边际分析法分析市场行为时，认为边际效用等于边际价格时市场达到有效率。但公共产品的偏好很难像私人物品那样真实地显示，公共产品的边际效用如何评价？对此，布坎南(David Buchanan)在1949年的《政府财政纯理论》中提出“在政府与个体之间存在一个类似市场的联系”，个体通过效用评价来选择自己的选票走向来显示自己的偏好。从总体上来讲，这一阶段人们在探讨公共产品问题时都放在财政税收问题中讨论，把公共产品本身作为政府设计税收政策的重要参考依据。认为公共产品之所以具有公共性是因为它们只能由政府生产。个人与政府之间的多对一的关系导致了这样一个深刻的矛盾，如何通过政治过程将公共产品的供给决策与真实的需要状态结合起来。正因为个人与政府之间的不对称关系导致了用边际分析去解决以上的两个问题很难有所成效。

关键词： government paradigm of DIM judgement government's public goodssupply

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Open Journal of Nursing 2019年第2期9卷 79-88页

作者： Jefferson Garcia Guerrero Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences Jeddah Saudi Arabia

Nurses must be enlightened that clinical reasoning, clinical decision making, and clinical judgement are the key elements in providing safe patient care. It must be incorporated and applied all throughout the nursing process. The impact of patients’ positive outcomes relies on how nurses are effective in clinical reasoning and put into action once clinical decision making occurs. Thus, nurses with poor clinical reasoning skills frequently fail to see and notice patient worsening condition, and misguided decision making arises that leads to ineffective patient care and adding patients suffering. Clinical judgment on the other hand denotes on the outcome after the cycle of clinical reasoning. Within this context, nurses apply reflection about their actions from the clinical decision making they made. The process of applying knowledge, skills and expertise in the clinical field through clinical reasoning is the work of art in the nursing profession in promoting patient safety in the course of delivering routine nursing interventions. Nurses must be guided with their sound clinical reasoning to have an optimistic outcome and prevent iatrogenic harm to patients. Nurses must be equipped with knowledge, skills, attitude and values but most importantly prepared to face the bigger picture of responsibility to care for every patient in the clinical field.

关键词： Clinical Reasoning Decision Making judgement Practice Rationale Competency

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温室黄瓜增产技术

山西成人教育 1994年第12期 35-页

温室黄瓜增产技术温室黄瓜在水、肥、温适宜的条件下，采用以下几项新技术，可使黄瓜产量进一步提高。①烟熏法：当黄瓜幼苗长到２至４片真叶时，向温室中放满淡烟，保持密闭２至３昼夜，可使黄瓜雌花增加，从而增加产量。这是因为烟中... 详细信息

温室黄瓜增产技术温室黄瓜在水、肥、温适宜的条件下，采用以下几项新技术，可使黄瓜产量进一步提高。①烟熏法：当黄瓜幼苗长到２至４片真叶时，向温室中放满淡烟，保持密闭２至３昼夜，可使黄瓜雌花增加，从而增加产量。这是因为烟中含有一氧化碳，它能抑制秧苗体内的氧...

关键词： Grape Economic character Comprehensive judgement

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外观辨别苹果苗

山西成人教育 1994年第6期 43-页

外观辨别苹果苗目前，在市场上销售的苹果苗，也有假冒僧劣的，稍不注意就会上当。因此购买苹果苗时必须注意辨别：红星皮色紫红略还褐色，气孔小而稀，枝条柔软，用指甲揭开表皮，内呈粉红色，生长茁壮。新红星向阳面枝条黑紫色，有光... 详细信息

外观辨别苹果苗目前，在市场上销售的苹果苗，也有假冒僧劣的，稍不注意就会上当。因此购买苹果苗时必须注意辨别：红星皮色紫红略还褐色，气孔小而稀，枝条柔软，用指甲揭开表皮，内呈粉红色，生长茁壮。新红星向阳面枝条黑紫色，有光泽，枝条上皮孔大而稀少；节间短，近...

关键词： Grape Economic character Comprehensive judgement