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Evaluation and Prediction of joint toxicity of Aniline and Its Derivatives to Photobacterium Phosphoreum

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2004年第1期20卷 32-35页

作者： YUANXing SULi-min SONGLi-li DepartmentofEnvironmentalScience NortheastNormalUniversityChangchun130024P.K.China

The single toxicity of aniline and its derivatives and the joint toxicity of the binary mixtures of aniline and each of its derivatives with the toxic unit ratios of 1∶1, 1∶4, 4∶1 to photobacterium phosphoreum were determined, respectively. The toxic unit and the additive index were used to evaluate the joint toxicity. The result shows that the joint toxicity of each of the binary mixtures of aniline and each of its derivatives is mainly simple addition of the toxicities of the two compounds. On this basis, the QSAR equation that was built from the single toxicity of aniline was used to predict the toxicity of the derivatives of aniline in the mixtures. Good agreement between the predicted and experimental values was found with R 2=0.921.

关键词： QSAR Photobacterium phosphoreum joint toxicity Simple addition

Quantitative structure-activity relationships for joint toxicity of substituted phenols and anilines to Scenedesmus obliquus

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第1期20卷 115-119页

作者： WANG Chao LU Guanghua TANG Zhuyun GUO Xiaoling State Key Laboratory for Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering College of Environmental Science and Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China

There are often many chemicals coexisting in aquatic ecosystems, and few information on the joint toxicity of a mixture of organic pollutants is available at present. The 48-h toxicity of substituted phenols and anilines and their binary mixtures to Scenedesmus obliquus was determined by the algae inhibition test. The median effective inhibition concentration EC50 values for single compounds and EC50mix values for coexistent compounds were obtained. The n-octanol/water partition coefficient （logPmlx） and the frontier orbital energy gap （AEmlx） for mixtures were calculated. The following two-descriptor quantitative structure-activity relationships （QSARs） models were developed to predict single toxicity and joint toxicity respectively： log（1/ECs0） = 0.445logP - 0.801AE ＋ 9.501 （r2 = 0.876） and log （1/EC50mix） = 0.338logPmix- 0.492AEmix ＋ 6.928 （r^2 = 0.831）. The two equations were found to fit well. In addition, the model derived from the structural parameters of single components in binary mixtures log（1/EC50mix） = 0.2221ogP - 0.277AE ＋ 5.250 （r^2 = 0.879） can be used successfully to predict the toxicity of a mixture.

关键词： joint toxicity QSARs frontier orbital energy gap 2,4-dichlorophenol

joint toxicity of Beauveria bassiana and Two Insect Growth Regulators on Beet Armyworm,Spodoptera exigua(Hübner)

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Plant Diseases and Pests 2016年第5期7卷 1-4,12页

作者： Hu Anling Tian Zhaofeng Gao Xiwu Nong Xiangqun Li Yongdan College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China Institute of Plant and Environment Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing 100097 China State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China

joint toxicity of Beauveria bassiana and two insect growth regulators, methoxyfenozide and hexaflumuron, on beet annywonn larvae, Spodoptera exigua （ Htthner）, were investigated. An obvious synergism effect of the two insect growth regulators with B. beauveria was observed. When the insect growth regulators at LC50 concentrations （25 × 10^-6 g/L for methoxyfenozide and 1 000 × 10^ -6 g/L for hexaflumuren） were mixed with B. bassiana at the volume ratio of 4： 1, the mixtures achieved the best efficacy. The co-toxicity co-efficient （CTC） of methexyfenozide and B. bass/ana was 285, and that of hexaflumuron and B. bass/ana was 208. Scanning electron microscope observation of the longitudinal section of S. exigua revealed obviously different patterns of integument in different treatment groups.

关键词： Insect growth regulators Beauveria bassiana Spodoptera exigua joint toxicity

joint toxicity Determination of Clopyralid,Picloram and Benazolin Mixtures on Broad-leaved Weed Lapsana apogonoides *** Rape Fields

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2021年第5期10卷 56-57,97页

作者： Xiong LI Jingbo LI Huifang DENG Yunyun ZHOU Kaifa GUO Xiongmei ZHU Chenzhong JIN Guiying LIU Key Laboratory of Harmless Application of Pesticide in Hunan Higher Education Hunan University of HumanitiesScience and TechnologyLoudi 417000China Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control Hunan University of HumanitiesScience and TechnologyLoudi 417000China

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the compounding of three herbicides:clopyralid,picloram and benazolin,so as to improve the effectiveness of herbicides.[Methods]With Lapsana apogonoides *** the target and clopyralid,picloram and benazolin as the test agents,seven gradient concentrations were set up to determine the joint toxicity of the three agents.[Results]When the compounding ratio of picloram,clopyralid and benazolin was 2∶1∶6,the maximum co-toxicity coefficient was 290.0.[Conclusions]The compounding of picloram,clopyralid and benazolin has a significant synergistic effect on ***,which reduces production costs and environmental pressure,providing technical support for the effective control of broad-leaved weeds such as ***.

关键词： Clopyralid Picloram Benazolin Rape Weeds joint toxicity

joint toxicity Effects in Juvenile Goldfish Exposed to 2-Chlorophenol and 2,4-Dichlorophenol

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Joint Toxicity Effects in Juvenile Goldfish Exposed to 2-Chl...

Acute and joint toxicity of three agrochemicals to Chinese tiger frog （Hoplobatrachus chinensis） tadpoles

2007中国科协年会

作者： LiuZhengtao~1* Yang Yongbin~2 Zheng Minghui~3 1.China Research Academy Of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China 2.Health Science Center,Hebei University,Baoding 071000,China 3.State Key laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,P.O.Box 2871,Beijing 100085,China

In this study two analogous chlorophenols,2-chlorophenol(MCP)and 2,4-dichlorophenol(DCP), were chosen for the purpose of to studying the toxicities of single and binary mixtures on juvenile goldfish (Carassius auratus).In the tests performed,toxic unit(TU)was used to assess the joint toxicity effects of 2-chlorophenol and 2,*** subsequent experiments,the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismustase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)in juvenile goldfish exposed to single and equitoxic binary mixtures of 2-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol were *** results showed SOD and CAT were significantly induced in most of 1/4LC

关键词： chlorophenols joint toxicity juvenile goldfish

来源： cnki会议评论

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Zoological Research 2014年第4期35卷 272-279页

作者： Li WEI Wei-Wei SHAO Guo-Hua DING Xiao-Li FAN Miao-Ling YU Zhi-Hua LIN College of Ecology Lishui University

We studied acute and joint toxicity of three different agrochemicals （chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide-abamectin and penoxsulam） to Chinese tiger frog （Hoplobatrachus chinensis） tadpoles with the method of stability water tests. Results showed that the three agrochemicals increased tadpole mortality. For acute toxicity, the LC50 values after 24, 48 and 72 h of chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide-abamectin and penoxsulam exposure were 5.37, 4.90 and 4.68 mg/L; 0.035, 0.025 and 0.021 rag/L; 1.74, 1.45 and 1.29 mg/L, respectively. The safety concentrations （SC） of chlorantraniliprole, fiubendiamide-abamectin and penoxsulam to the tadpoles were 1.23, 0.30 and 0.003 mg/L, respectively. Based on these findings, chlorantraniliprole and penoxsulam were moderately toxic, while flubendiamide-abamectin was highly toxic. All pairwise joint toxicity tests showed moderate toxicity. The LCs0 values after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure were 7.08, 6.61 and 6.03 mg/L for chlorantra- niliprole＋penoxsulam, with corresponding values of 2.455, 2.328 and 2.183 mg/L for chlorantraniliprole＋flubendiamide-abamectin, and 1.132, 1.084 and 1.050 mg/L for penoxsulam＋flubendiamide-abamectin, with safe concentrations of 1.73, 0.63 and 0.30 mg/L, respectively. For toxic evaluations of pairwise combinations of the three agrochemicals, only the joint toxicity of chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide-abamectin after 24 h was found to be synergistic, whereas all other tests were antagonistic. Our findings provide valuable information on the toxic effects of agrochemicals on amphibians and how various types of agrochemicals can be reasonably used in agricultural areas.

关键词： Agrochemical Acute toxicity joint toxicity LCs0 Safe concentration Hoplobatrachus chinensis

Acute Single and joint toxicity Effects of Deltamethrin and Lambda-cyhalothrin on Zebrafish(Danio rerio)

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2024年第5期13卷 19-21,27页

作者： Robert Kamutambuko Mingxiao Li Shunlong Meng Wuxi Fishery College Nanjing Agricultural UniversityWuxi 214081China Freshwater Fisheries Research Center Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang RiverWuxi 214081China

In this research,the single and combined toxicity effects of two commonly used pesticides,lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin,were investigated on zebrafish at 20℃,with a weight of(1±0.1)g and a length of(3.5±0.35)*** study revealed that lambda-cyhalothrin exhibited higher toxicity compared to ***,when used together,these pesticides showed significantly increased toxic effects on *** 96-h LC 50 values were determined to be 3.059μg/L(confidence limits 0.077-0.351μg/L)for lambda-cyhalothrin and 1.304μg/L(confidence limits;0.046-0.228μg/L)for deltamethrin,both demonstrating a significant positive correlation(P<0.05).These results underscore the importance of regulating and managing pesticide use to safeguard aquatic organisms and uphold environmental sustainability.

关键词： Acute toxicity joint toxicity Lambda-cyhalothrin Deltamethrin Zebrafish(Danio rerio)

Assessment of toxicity of two nitroaromatic compounds in the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012年第4期6卷 518-523页

作者： Hongyan SHEN Jixi GAO Jinsheng WANG College of Water Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Hebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050018China Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences SEPANanjing 210042China

This study was conducted to evaluate the toxicological response ofp-nitrotoluene and p-nitroaniline to the key fish species, Cyprinus carpio. A freshwater fish bioassay based on the 96 h LC50 was used to estimate the single and joint toxicity of the two chemicals. The toxicity of p-nitrotoluene was greater than that of pnitroaniline based on 96 h LCso values of 40.74 mg.L^-1 and 48.99mg.L^-1, respectively. Both compounds had moderate toxicity toward Cyprinus carpio, and this toxicity increased with the exposure duration and con- centration. Binary mixtures of the compounds were more toxic than the individual compounds at 96 h, and they acted upon partial addition. When the exposure time was longer, the toxicity increased for mixtures of compounds with the same concentration or toxicity. The results of this study suggest that exposure to a combination of these chemicals would result in a higher environmental risk in aquatic systems than exposure to either compound alone. Further research is needed to investigate the combined effects and sublethal toxicity of p-nitrotoluene and p- nitroaniline, since they are both still used in China.

关键词： joint toxicity Cyprinus carpio LC50 pnitrotoluene p-nitroaniline toxic unit

Polystyrene nanoplastics aggravated ecotoxicological effects of polychlorinated biphenyls in on zebrafish(Danio rerio)embryos

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第3期13卷 168-176页

作者： Yizheng Li Shulin Liu Qiuping Wang Yanling Zhang Xikun Chen Lei Yan Muhammad Junaid Jun Wang College of Marine Sciences South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 528478China Institute of Eco-Environmental Research Guangxi Academy of SciencesNanning 530007China

In view of the accumulation of nanoplastics(NPs)in the food chain of environment and animals,and the good adsorption properties of nano-plastics to toxic substances,it is necessary to explore the influence of NPs in living *** this study,single and joint toxicological effects of polystyrene nanoplastics(PS-NPs,size 80 nm)and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),were explored in freshwater aquatic animal model zebrafish(Danio rerio).Our study found that exposure to single PS-NPs induced mild acute toxicity,albeit the combined exposure of PS-NPs and polychlorinated biphenyls aggravated the toxicity of PCBs in a dose-dependent *** from gene expression profiling showed that NPs exposure could activate detoxification process,resulting in a slight up-regulation of antioxidant genes(sod1,gstp1),bone development genes(bmp2,bmp4)and cardiac gene(tbx20);while PCBs suppressed the detoxification through down-regulation of these genes,and the addition of NPs will exacerbate the impact of PCBs on gene ***,the results of in vivo purification experiments found that NPs showed prolonged retention in liver,intestine and gills of zebrafish and they might have crossed biological barrier and accumulate in lipid-rich tissues and excretion does not appear as the significant pathway for their *** conclusion,the toxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on chorionic protected embryos were not significant as zebrafish chorion plays an important role in resisting the invasion of pollutants;PCBs can seriously damage the bone and heart development of zebrafish,while the presence of NPs significantly enhanced the toxicity of PCBs in zebrafish,which is an alarming concern for growing NPs levels and ecological safety in aquatic environment.

关键词： Nanoplastics Zebrafish embryos Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) joint toxicity Gene expression