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Evidence for fine-scale habitat specialisation in an invasive weed

Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第2期11卷 189-199页

作者： Daniel Z.Atwater Rebecca A.Fletcher Christopher C.Dickinson Andrew H.Paterson Jacob N.Barney Virginia Tech Department of Plant PathologyPhysiology and Weed Science435 Old Glade RoadBlacksburgVA 24061USA University of Georgia Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory111 Riverbend RoadAthensGA 30606USA

Aims As an exotic species colonises a new continent,it must overcome enormous environmental variation in its introduced *** adaptation of introduced species has frequently been observed at the continent scale,particularly in response to latitudinal climatic ***,significant environmental heterogeneity can also exist at the landscape scale.A small number of studies have provided evidence that introduced species may also be capable of phenotypic and genetic differentiation at much smaller spatial *** example,previously we found US agricultural and non-agricultural populations of Sorghum halepense(johnsongrass)to be phenotypically and genetically *** this study,we inves-tigated whether this phenotypic differentiation of agricultural and non-agricultural populations of *** is the result of fine-scale local *** We surveyed a nationally collected *** germplasm panel and also collected neighbouring agricultural and non-agricultural sub-populations of *** at four sites throughout Western Virginia,USA,raising seedlings in common conditions mimicking both agricultural and non-agricultural *** Findings At the national scale,we found evidence of habitat differentiation but not ***,at the local scale,we found evi-dence of specialisation in two of the four local populations to non-agricultural habitat,but no evidence of specialisation to agricultural *** results show that local specialisation is a possible,but not guaranteed consequence of kilometre-scale habitat heterogen-eity in invasive *** finding contributes to a growing aware-ness of the importance of fine-scale local adaptation in the ecology and management of introduced and weedy species.

关键词： johnsongrass local adaptation rapid evolution Sorghum halepense(L.)

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Climate drives differences in the germination niche of a globally distributed invasive grass

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第2期13卷 195-203页

作者： Rebecca A.Fletcher Kayla M.Varnon Jacob N.Barney Virginia Tech School of Plant and Environmental Sciences675 Old Glade RdBlacksburgVA 24061USA

Aims Exotic invasive species are often exposed to strong selection pressures in their new ranges that can often lead to substantial intraspecific *** differentiation in the timing of life history events in response to climate gradients is thought to be an important mechanism facilitating the range expansion of many invasive *** seed producing plants,the timing of seed germination determines the first environmental conditions experienced by newly emerged germinates,and can have important implications for the successful colonization,establishment and spread of invasive plants—though the role of germination in the success of invasive plants remains poorly *** We assessed the variation in seed germination dynamics among 10 populations of the invasive plant johnsongrass(Sorghum halepense)across its North American distribution,capturing both a temperature and precipitation gradient,and whether that variation is associated with home *** were exposed to a wide range of temperatures(11–48℃)and two water availability *** Findings We found that johnsongrass seeds germinated across a wide range of temperatures,but there was substantial variation among populations in the proportion of seeds that germinated in response to both temperature and water *** indicates that as johnsongrass expanded its range from warmer climates into cooler climates,there was a concurrent shift in the germination temperature niche to cooler *** results suggest that the germination of johnsongrass seeds has adapted to home climate allowing this invader to maximize germination throughout its range,and that this may be an important contributing factor to its invasion into new environments.

关键词： adaptation among-population variation johnsongrass Sorghum halepense temperature water availability

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Invasive plant rhizome production and competitiveness vary based on neighbor identity

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2021年第4期14卷 638-647页

作者： Alyssa Laney Smith Daniel Z.Atwater Wonjae Kim David C.Haak Jacob N.Barney School of Plant and Environmental Sciences Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Department of Biology Earlham CollegeRichmondINUSA Present address:Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA

Aims Within-species genetic and phenotypic variation have well-known effects on evolutionary processes,but less is known about how within-species variation may influence community-level *** meaningful intraspecific variation might be particularly important in the context of anthropogenic impacts on natural systems,such as agriculture and species invasion,because human actions can cause strong selection *** In a greenhouse study,we explored intraspecific(30 accessions)and ecotypic variation(representing agricultural and nonagricultural habitats)in biomass and rhizome production in response to inter-and intraspecific competition and soil fertility of johnsongrass(Sorghum halepense),a widespread invasive species and agricultural *** Findings Contrary to our expectations and previous results,we did not find variation in biomass production among johnsongrass ecotypes at this early life ***,we did find that johnsongrass biomass varied substantially depending on competitor identity,soil fertility treatments and among *** were 11%larger in the agricultural ecotype and up to 3-fold larger in fertilized treatment;while rhizome biomass increased by~50%when fertilized,but did not differ among ***,in competition,johnsongrass produced 32%less biomass and 20%less rhizome mass with a conspecific than when competing interspecifically with *** results indicate species-specific competitive responses and changes in rhizome allocation in response to neighbor identity;suggesting the possibility of adaptation by johnsongrass to shift allocation under competition.

关键词： adaptation agriculture competition exotic invasion johnsongrass selection Sorghum halepense

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