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survival mechanisms of Mycobacterium aviumsubspecies paratuberculosiswithin host species and in the environment—A review

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Natural science 2013年第6期5卷 710-723页

作者： shoor Vir singh Ajay Vir singh Avnish Kumar Pravin Kumar singh Rajib Deb Amit Kumar Verma Amit Kumar Ruchi Tiwari sandip Chakraborty Kuldeep Dhama Animal Genetics and Breeding Project Directorate on Cattle Indian Council of Agricultural Research Meerut India Animal Resource Development Department Pt. Nehru Complex Agartala India Department of Microbiology & Immunology Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) Mathura India Department of Veterinary Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vi- gyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) Mathura India Division of Pathology Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) Bareilly India Microbiology Laboratory Animal Health Division Central Institute for Research on Goats (CIRG) Mathura India National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (NJIL and OMD) Agra India

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes chronic inflammation of the intestine known as johne’s disease (JD) in domestic and wild ruminants including primates. MAP has also been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) so called Crohn’s disease (CD) of human beings, which is incurable even after surgery. By virtue of the pasteurization resistant power, high endemicity of the infection in animals continues to be the permanent source of infection to human population. High bio-burden of MAP in wide range of biotic (animal hosts including human beings) and abiotic environment in each and every country where it has been investigated, serves a reminder about the survival abilities of the MAP in diverse range of environmental conditions. Ability of the MAP to evade immune system of the host and the temporal events during infection of the macro-phages, is an area of major concern and research activities as the pattern of distribution are quiet different from those of other pathogenic intracellular organisms. Moreover, the organism can survive over a wide range of environmental conditions such as high and low environmental temperatures, pasteurization, low pH, and high salt concentration etc. This superior survival efficiency from environmental degradation and dormancy within host allows the pathogen to be available for causing disease and pathogenicity in animals and human beings, when conditions are favorable. Perusal of literature reveal that, despite the availability of whole genome sequence of MAP, a very little is known about the replication, persistence and survival mechanisms of this pathogen. Therefore, this review tries to address the survival mechanisms of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in the different host species and adverse environmental conditions in order to allow designing of more rational diagnostic and control procedures.

关键词： Paratuberculosis johne’s Disease Reservoir Disease survival MAP Animal

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Paratuberculosis Infection in Camel (Camelus dromidarius): Current and Prospective Overview

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2015年第7期5卷 153-160页

作者： Ahmed M. Alluwaimi Department of Microbiology and Parasitology College of Veterinary Medicine King Faisal University Al-Ahsaa Saudi Arabia

Camel (Camelus dromidarius) is an important source of meat and milk and an iconic animal of the saudi Arabian heritage. The accumulative evidence indicated the spread of paratuberculosis infection in the camel herds. Despite the explicit studies on the details of the disease in camels and methods of its diagnosis, paratuberculosis infection in camels suffers from wide gap of knowledge of the disease pathogenesis, camel immune responses to the infection and factors that enhance camel’s resistance to the infection. The review discusses the current available information of the disease pathobiology and the approaches employed in the diagnosis of paratuberculosis infection in camel. Effective control of the disease in camel prompts for urgent innovation of the current approaches in the diagnosis. Efficient policies and inspection tools are becoming vital to tackle the possible threats of Crohn’s disease to the public health due to the meat and milk consumption.

关键词： Camel johne’s Disease Paratuberculosis saudi Arabia MAP

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