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Discovery of the choristodere Hyphalosaurus baitaigouensis from the Lower Cretaceous jiufotang formation of western Liaoning,China and its paleobiogeographic significance

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第3期13卷 547-562页

作者： Li-Jun Zhang Shu-An Ji Hai-Chun Zhang South China Sea Culture Museum Hainan Tropical Ocean UniversitySanya 572022Hainan ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Stratigraphy and Paleontology Ministry of Natural ResourcesInstitute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008Jiangsu ProvinceChina

The water-living reptile genus Hyphalosaurus was previously discovered in the Lower Cretaceous Yixian formation bearing the middle Jehol Biota in western Liaoning,*** complete skeletons of Hyphalosaurus are reported for the first time from the jiufotang formation bearing the late Jehol Biota at two sites in western *** show the typical characteristics of Hyphalosaurus baitaigouensis in terms of the contact between some cranial bones and the number of cervical and dorsal vertebrae,and therefore are assigned to *** discovery extends the stratigraphic range of this species from the Yixian formation to the overlying jiufotang *** paper further briefly compares the main characteristics of the two skeletons,summarizes the temporal and spatial distribution of Hyphalosaurus,and discusses the palaeogeographic evolution of western Liaoning at the middle and late Jehol Biota stages based on the aquatic habits of Hyphalosaurus and the geological background of western *** analytical results show that the volcanic downwarped lakes,with distinct geographical divisions in western Liaoning during the deposition of the Yixian formation,had not completely disappeared till the deposition of the jiufotang *** palaeo-lake in the Fuxin-Yixian Basin underwent the process of generation,expansion and shrinkage during the depositional period of the Yixian formation and finally merged into a large *** palaeo-Dalinghe River,which connected the main basins in western Liaoning during the depositional period of the jiufotang formation,was formed simultaneously.

关键词： Western liaoning Jehol biota jiufotang formation Hyphalosaurus baitaigouensis Palaeobiogeography

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Large-Sized Ankylosaur(Dinosauria) from the Lower Cretaceous jiufotang formation of Western Liaoning,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第4期88卷 1060-1065页

作者： JI Shu-an ZHANG Lijun ZHANG Shudong ZHANG Lijun 1 JIANG Shan Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Key Laboratory of Stratigraphy andPaleontology Ministry of Land and Resources Beijing 100037 China Administration Bureau of Fossil Resource Protection of Liaoning Province Shenyang 110032 Liaoning China Administration Branch of Fossil Protection Bureau of Land and Resources of Kazuo County Kazuo122300 Liaoning China Shenyang Center of the China Geological Survey Shenyang 110034 Liaoning China

Two incomplete bones referred to ankylosaur scapulocoracoid and humerus are described, which were discovered from the Early Cretaceous jiufotang formation of Dachengzi Town, Kazuo County, Liaoning Province. Ankylosaur dinosaurs have ever been found in the Lower Cretaceous Yixian, Fuxin and Sunjiawan formations of western Liaoning. The occurrence of ankylosaurs within jiufotang formation improves our knowledge on the ankylosaur stratigraphic distribution. Based on the length of scapulocoracoid, the new dinosaur is estimated to exceed 6.0 meters long, representing the largest ankylosaur in western Liaoning.

关键词： Kazuo County Liaoning Province Lower Cretaceous jiufotang formation Ankylosauria

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A New Enantiornithine Bird from the Lower Cretaceous jiufotang formation in Jinzhou Area, Western Liaoning Province, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2012年第5期86卷 1039-1044页

作者： LI Li WANG Jinqi ZHANG Xi HOU Shilin Paleontology Institute Shenyang Normal UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110034China

A new Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird from Liaoning Province of northeastern China, Shengjingornis yangi, gen. et sp. nov., is reported. This new bird possesses the following unique combination of features： a long rostrum, with some teeth in the front; short nasal; slender jugal; Y-shaped furcula, with expanded distal end of the hypocleidum; cake-like sternum, with a low and caudally distributed keel; strut-like and caudally concave coracoid. The derived features of the scapula and the wings suggest a powerful flapping flight capability.

关键词： Early Cretaceous jiufotang formation Enantiornithine Liaoning Province

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New Material of Pterosaur Sinopterus (Reptilia:Pterosauria) from the Early Cretaceous jiufotang formation,Western Liaoning,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2006年第6期80卷 783-789页

作者： Lü Junchang LIU Jinyuan WANG Xuri GAO Chunling MENG Qingjin JI Qiang Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 Dalian Natural History Museum Dalian Liaoning 116023

Based on a new nearly complete postcranial skeleton of an adult specimen of Sinopterus from the Early Cretaceous jiufotang formation of western Liaoning, China, the diagnosis of Sinopterus is amended. The revised diagnosis of Sinopterus includes skull relatively elongate with weakly developed cranial crest; ratio of the length of Ph2d4 to that of Ph1d4 is approximately 0.73; ratio of the length of wing metacarpal to that of metatarsal 3 is 4.5; ratio of the length of mt3 to that of tibia is approximately 0.21, and wing phalanges 1 and 2 are straight. Comparison between the ratios of the limb bones between non-adult and adult individuals of Sinopterus indicates that during the ontogenetic process, some ratios between bones are constant, such as the first wing phalanx to the second wing phalanx, the wing metacarpal to the metatarsal 3, metatarsal 3 to the tibia, but others are not, such as humerus to wing metacarpal and femur to tibia, in which the former grows faster than the latter.

关键词： Sinopterus amended diagnosis ontogeny jiufotang formation Early Cretaceous western Liaoning China

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New Material of Feilongus(Reptilia: Pterosauria) from the Lower Cretaceous jiufotang formation of Western Liaoning

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第1期88卷 13-17页

作者： WANG Xuri SHEN Caizhi GAO Chunling JIN Kemo Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Dalian Natural History Museum Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

Based on a new nearly naturally preserved skull and four cervical vertebrae of the pterosaur Feilongus sp. from the lower Cretaceous jiufotang formation of Beipiao, western Liaoning province, northeastern China, the diagnosis of Feilongus is amended. The revised diagnosis notes long, curved, needle-shaped teeth that are confined to the jaw far anterior to the nasoantorbital fenestra; posterior teeth that are slightly smaller than the anterior teeth; cervical vertebrae elongated with a ratio of length to width greater than 5; tooth number of about 78; and two cranial sagittal crests.

关键词： pterosaur amended diagnosis jiufotang formation Aptian western Liaoning

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New Eoenantiornithid Bird from the Early Cretaceous jiufotang formation of Western Liaoning, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2006年第1期80卷 38-41页

作者： LI Li DUAN Ye HU Dongyu WANG Li CHENG Shaoli HOU Lianhai Institute of Mesozoic Paleontology of Western Liaoning Shenyang Normal University Shenyang Liaoning 110034 Institute of Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy Sciences Beijing 100044

Enantionithine birds are the most blooming branch of early birds and have distinct diversities. A large number of enantionithine birds have been reported from the Early Cretaceous jiufotang formation in western Liaoning, China. Recently, we discovered a new eoenantiornithid bird from the jiufotang formation in Dapingfang Town, western Liaoning. A new eoenantiornithid bird, Dapingfangornis sentisorhinus gen. et sp. nov., is erected based on this complete skeleton with a skull. The new bird is distinguished from other known Mesozoic birds in a medium to small size, a distinct thorn-like process on the nasals, a sternum with a long and a short lateral processes. The thorn-like process on the nasal has not been discovered among known fossil birds, thus the discovery also provides new materials on the diversities of early birds.

关键词： Eoenantiornithid Dapingfangornis sentisorhinus jiufotang formation Early Cretaceous,western Liaoning

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On the Lower Cretaceous in Yixian County of Jinzhou City,Western Liaoning,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第2期85卷 437-442页

作者： JI Qiang LIU Yongqing JIANG Xiaojun Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China

Traditionally, the lacustrine deposits in Yixian County of Western Liaoning have been assigned to either ＂the Dakangpu Bed＂ of the Yixian formation or the jiufotang formation. However,a 206pb/238U age of 126.47±0.87 Ma is newly obtained from the tuff sample （06051） of the lacustrine deposits in the Baitaigou fossil site of Potaizi village, Yixian County, indicating that the lacustrine deposits in Potaizi area are approximately equivalent to the Wumingshan volcanics of the Sihetun Bed of the Yixian formation in Beipiao. From our new dating data have arisen some new problems： Where could we find the jiufotang formation in Yixian County？ How widely distributed is the jiufotang formation in Western Liaoning？ Could the traditionally named jiufotang formation somewhere in Western Liaoning be the synchronous deposits of other litho-units （e.g. the Yixian formation） in different facies？ Could some lacustrine deposits somewhere in Western Liaoning have been assigned to the jiufotang formation？

关键词： Lower Cretaceous Yixian formation jiufotang formation Yixian County

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A New Pterodactyloid Pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous of the Western Part of Liaoning Province, Northeastern China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第3期90卷 777-782页

作者： LU Junchang LIU Cunyu PAN Lijun SHEN Caizhi Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China Beipiao Pterosaur Museum of China Beipiao County 122100 China

Pangupterus liui gen. et sp. nov. from the jiufotang formation of Sihedang, Lingyuan City, Liaoning Province is erected based on a nearly complete lower jaw. It is characterized by having a total of 36 slender curved teeth with sharp tips, forming a distinct fish-grabbing mechanism; the teeth are well-spaced and are circular in section; the length ratio of the mandibular symphysis to the whole jaw is 20%; and the ratio of the tooth root width to tooth length is 12%. Toothed pterosaurs make up about 56.3% of the pterosaur assemblage from the jiufotang formation, which indicates that toothed forms played a key role in the ecosystem.

关键词： Pterosauria Pangupterus jiufotang formation western Liaoning

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A New Species of Huaxiapterus (Pterosauria: Pterodactyloidea) from the Lower Cretaceous of Western Liaoning, China with Comments on the Systematics of Tapejarid Pterosaurs

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2006年第3期80卷 315-326页

作者： Lü Junchang JIN Xingsheng David M. UNWIN ZHAO Lijun AZUMA Yoichi JI Qiang Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China Zhejiang Museum of Natural History Hangzhou Zhejiang 310012 China Institutfür Palaiontologie Museumfiir NaturkundeZentralinstitut der Humboldt- Universitiit zu Berlin D-10115 Berlin Germany Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum 51-11 Terao Muroko Katsuyama Fukui 911-8601 Japan

A new species of tapejarid pterosaur, Huaxiapterus coroUatus sp. nov. is erected on the basis of a nearly complete skull and postcranial skeleton from the Lower Cretaceous jiufotang formation of Liaoning Province, China. Huaxiapterus coroUatus sp. nov. is characterized by a hatchet-shaped rectangular process on the premaxilla, whose short axis is perpendicular to the anterior margin of the premaxillae. Except for this process, other characters of the skull such as the breadth of the snout between the anterior margin of the nasoantorbital fenestra and the anterior margin of the premaxilla are similar to that of Huaxiapterus jii. Huaxiapterus and a second Chinese tapejarid, Sinopterus, share several unique cranial characters in common with Tapejara and these three genera appear to be more closely related to each other than to other azhdarchoids. The Chinese tapejarids （Sinopterus and Huaxiapterus） have relatively elongate skulls and weakly developed cranial crests and seem to be less derived than Tapejara, with its shorter, deeper skull and large cranial crest. Tupuxuarids （Tupuxuara and Thalassodromeus） have often been associated with tapejarids in the family Tapejaridae, but this relationship is controversial because some phylogenetic analyses have supported the pairing of tupuxuarids with Azhdarchidae. We propose that Tapejaridae be restricted to Tapejara, Sinopterus and Huaxiapterus.

关键词： Pterosauria Azhdarchoidea Tapejaridae jiufotang formation Lower Cretaceous China

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New Tapejarid Pterosaur from Western Liaoning, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2005年第4期79卷 453-458页

作者： Lü Junchang YUAN Chongxi Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037

A new tapejarid pterosaur Huaxiapterus jii gen. et sp. nov. is erected based on a nearly complete skeleton with a skull. The skull morphology of Huaxiapterus jii gen. et sp. nov. appears transitional between the skulls of Sinopterus and Tapejara. The skull morphology （low crest） of Huaxiapterusjii indicates that Huaxiapterus is more closely related to Sinopterus than to Tapejara, which has a high crest. The relatively long and shallow skull of Sinopterus indicates that it is a primitive form. Huaxiapterus is more derived than Sinopterus but more primitive than Tapejara.

关键词： Huaxiapterus Tapejaridae jiufotang formation Early Cretaceous Chaoyang Liaoning Province

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