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Geological Characteristics and Genesis of the jiamoshan MVT pb–zn deposit in the Sanjiang belt, Tibetan Plateau

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第4期94卷 1238-1255页

作者： LIU Yingchao YANG Zhusen YUE Longlong YU Yushuai MA Wang TANG Bolang Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics of Ministry of Natural Resources Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Wuhan Center China Geological SurveyWuhan 430205China School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China

The carbonate-hosted pb–zn deposits in the Sanjiang metallogenic belt on the Tibetan Plateau are typical of MVT pb–zn deposits that form in thrust-fold belts. The jiamoshan pb–zn deposit is located in the Changdu area in the middle part of the Sanjiang belt, and it represents a new style of MVT deposit that was controlled by karst structures in a thrust–fold system. Such a karst-controlled MVT pb–zn deposit in thrust settings has not previously been described in detail, and we therefore mapped the geology of the deposit and undertook a detailed study of its genesis. The karst structures that host the jiamoshan deposit were formed in Triassic limestones along secondary reverse faults, and the orebodies have irregular tubular shapes. The main sulfide minerals are galena, sphalerite, and pyrite that occur in massive and lamellar form. The ore-forming fluids belonged to a Mg2+–Na+–K+–SO2-4–Cl-–F-–NO-3–H2 O system at low temperatures(120–130°C) but with high salinities(19–22% NaCl eq.). We have recognized basinal brine as the source of the ore-forming fluids on the basis of their H–O isotopic compositions(-145‰ to-93‰ for δDV-SMOW and-2.22‰ to 13.00‰ for δ18 Ofluid), the ratios of Cl/Br(14–1196) and Na/Br(16–586) in the hydrothermal fluids, and the C–O isotopic compositions of calcite(-5.0‰ to 3.7‰ for δ13 CV-PDB and 15.1‰ to 22.3‰ for δ18 OV-SMOW). These fluids may have been derived from evaporated seawater trapped in marine strata at depth or from Paleogene–Neogene basins on the surface. The δ34 S values are low in the galena(-3.2‰ to 0.6‰) but high in the barite(27.1‰), indicating that the reduced sulfur came from gypsum in the regional Cenozoic basins and from sulfates in trapped paleo-seawater by bacterial sulfate reduction. The pb isotopic compositions of the galena samples(18.3270–18.3482 for 206 pb/204 pb, 15.6345–15.6390 for 207 pb/204 pb, and 38.5503–38.5582 for 208 pb/204 pb) are similar to those of the regional Triassic volcanic-arc rocks that formed during t

关键词： ore genesis thrust-fold belt karst-controlled style jiamoshan pb-zn deposit MVT(Mississippi Valley Type)pb-zn deposit Sanjiang metallogenic belt Tibetan Plateau

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